chapter 60: introduction to the musculoskeletal system adult concepts

Which term refers to moving away from midline?

Abduction

Which hormone inhibits bone resorption and increases the deposit of calcium in the bone?

Calcitonin

A nurse is performing a musculoskeletal assessment of a client with arthritis. During passive range-of-motion exercises, the nurse hears an audible grating sound. The nurse should document the presence of what assessment finding?

Crepitus

A client is diagnosed with a fracture of a diarthrosis joint. What is an example of this type of joint?

Elbow

Which diagnostic test would the nurse expect to be ordered for a client with lower extremity muscle weakness?

Electromyograph (EMG)

A patient has had a stroke and is unable to move the right upper and lower extremity. During assessment the nurse picks up the arm and it is limp and without tone. How would the nurse document this finding?

Flaccidity

The nurse is preparing to perform a musculoskeletal assessment for a client with chronic muscle pain. Which assessment technique would be an appropriate tool to evaluate this type of pain?

Flex the bicep against resistance.

A patient comes to the clinic and informs the nurse of numbness, tingling, and a burning sensation in the arm from the elbow down to the fingers. What type of symptom would this be documented as?

Paresthesia

The nurse is caring for a client who experienced a crushing injury of the lower extremities. Which of the following symptoms is essential to be reported to the physician?

Pulselessness

A patient is receiving ongoing nursing care for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. When assessing this patient's gait, what finding is most closely associated with this health problem?

Shuffling gait

A nurse practitioner assesses a patient's movement in his left hand after a cast is removed. The nurse asks the patient to turn his wrist so the palm of his hand is facing up. This movement is known as:

Supination

The nurse working in the orthopedic surgeon's office is asked to schedule a shoulder arthrography. The nurse determines that the surgeon suspects which finding?

Tear in the joint capsule

While reading a client's chart, the nurse notices that the client is documented to have paresthesia. The nurse plans care for a client with

abnormal sensations

The nurse is preparing an education program on risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders. Which risk factors are appropriate for the nurse to include in the teaching program? Select all that apply.

age, menopause, bed rest, current cigarette smoking

The nurse is teaching a client about osteoporosis. What diagnostic test will the nurse include with the client teaching?

dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry

Which of the following is an example of a hinge joint?

knee

The human body has 206 bones, which are classified into four categories. Which types of bones are located in the forearm?

long bones

The nurse is assessing a young client during an annual sports physical at school. The assessment reveals that the client has lateral curving of the spine. The nurse reports to the health care professional that the assessment revealed

scoliosis

The human body has 206 bones, which are classified into four categories. Which types of bones are located in the digits?

short bones

The primary functions of cartilage are to reduce friction between articular surfaces, absorb shocks, and reduce stress on joint surfaces. Where in the human body is cartilage found?

All options are correct. (between the ribs, covering the elbow joints, between the vertibrae)

A client is undergoing diagnostic testing for suspected Paget disease. What assessment finding is most consistent with this diagnosis?

Altered serum calcium levels

Which is useful in identifying acute or chronic tears of the joint capsule or supporting ligaments of the knee, shoulder, ankle, hip, or wrist?

Arthrography

A patient is scheduled for a procedure that will allow the physician to visualize the knee joint in order to diagnose the patient's pain. What procedure will the nurse prepare the patient for?

Arthroscopy

Which is an indicator of neurovascular compromise

Capillary refill of more than 3 seconds

The nurse is performing an assessment of a client's musculoskeletal system and is appraising the client's bone integrity. Which action should the nurse perform during this phase of assessment?

Compare parts of the body symmetrically.

A client has come to the clinic for a regular check-up. The nurse's initial inspection reveals an increased thoracic curvature of the client's spine. The nurse should document the presence of which condition?

Kyphosis

A patient has a fracture of the right femur sustained in an automobile accident. What process of fracture healing does the nurse understand will occur with this patient?

Reactive phase, reparative phase, remodeling phase

After a fracture, during which stage or phase of bone healing is devitalized tissue removed and new bone reorganized into its former structural arrangement?

Remodeling

A client has a fracture that is being treated with open rigid compression plate fixation devices. What teaching will the nurse reinforce to the client about how the progress of bone healing will be monitored?

Serial x-rays will be taken

Tendons are cordlike structures that attach muscles to the periosteum of the bone. Which is not true about tendons?

Tendons attach muscle to a bone in just one location.

A client undergoes an arthroscopy at the outpatient clinic. After the procedure, the nurse provides discharge teaching. Which response by the client indicates the need for further teaching?

"I should use my heating pad this evening to reduce some of the pain in my knee."

A nurse is performing a nursing assessment of a client suspected of having a musculoskeletal disorder. Which assessment should the nurse prioritize for a client who has a musculoskeletal disorder?

Activities of daily living

A client has symptoms of osteoporosis and is being assessed during an annual physical examination. The assessment shows that the client will require further testing related to a possible exacerbation of osteoporosis. The nurse should anticipate which diagnostic test?

Bone densitometry

The client presents with an exaggeration of the lumbar spine curve. How does the nurse interpret this finding?

Lordosis