Chapter 7 & 8 Guided Reading Review

Describe how the British attempt to crush the revolution quickly was foiled especially by the Battle of Saratoga

- Anaconda plan failed due to slow moving British troops in Saratoga - Gorilla warfare in frontier, war of attrition

Describe the theory of mercantilism and explain why Americans resented it

- Balance of trade (more expert than import) - Country's power comes from amount of gold and silver - Colonies supply mother country with resources, market, land

Describe the methods of colonial resistance that forced repeal of all taxes except the tax on tea

- Boston Tea Party - Sons/Daughters of Liberty - Boycotts - Boston Massacre Propaganda - Stamp Act Congress

Describe the key role played by France in the final victory at Yorktown

- British acknowledged America - Set boundaries - Share fisheries - Addressed debt issue American victory? - Britain backed down - France helped - American spirit

Understand the revolution was a Civil War also. Described the motivations and eventual fate of the Loyalists

- British colonists felt like they were British citizens who were not treated as equals - Loyalists targeted, migrated, joined the British army

Explain why Paine's Common Sense finally propelled Americans to declare their independence in 1776 and outline the principal ideas of "republicanism" that Raine and others promoted

- Described problems that a king creates - Distributed pamphlet around colonists to stir ideas - Republicanism: self interests put aside, good for the whole country

Describe how Americans engaged in major military hostilities with Britain after April 1775, even while proclaiming their loyalty to the British Crown

- Lexington and Concord: colonists stockpiled weapons - Bunker Hill: many British soldiers in Boston created tension, closure of ports

Explain a specific reasons and general principles used in the Declaration of Independence to justify America's separation

- Natural rights, ideas from John Locke - Grievances listed by colonist - Why secession was justified

Explain the deeply rooted historical factors that moved America toward independence from Britain

- Religious freedom (Puritans) - Make profit (Jamestown) - Republicanism - Valued education

Describe the major British efforts to impose taxes and tighten control of the colonies

- Stamp act - Sugar act - Proclamation of 1763 - Intolerable Acts - Tea Act - Townshend Acts - Navigation Acts

Explain how sustained agitation and resistance to the tea tax led to the Intolerable acts and the outbreak of war

- Townshend Acts repealed except for tea tax - British East India company profiting - Boston tea party angered King George - King wanting to punish colonists

Describe the military and political obstacles Washington and his generals faced, and how they were able to overcome them

- Valley Forge - Few supplies, inflation of continental money, no support from locals, militia v. regular - Washington's farming knowledge and creativeness

The British yielded the Americans a generous peace treaty that included the Western territories primarily because of the...

A) Desire of the week Whig ministry in London for friendly future relations with the United States

One of the advantages the colonists enjoyed in the impending conflict with Britain was...

A) Fighting defensively on a large agricultural self-sufficient continent

The most important action the 1st Continental Congress took to protest the Intolerable Acts was...

A) Forming the Association to impose a complete boycott of all British goods

The British defeat at Yorktown was brought about by George Washington's veteran Continental army and the...

A) French navy under Admiral de Grasse

The mobilizations of nonimportation policies against the Stamp Act was politically important because it...

B) Aroused revolutionary fervor among many ordinary American men and women

The event that precipitated the 1st real shooting between the British army and American colonists was the...

B) British attempt to seize colonial supplies and leaders at Lexington and Concord

One of the ways in which mercantilism harmed the colonial economy was by...

B) Inhibiting the development of banking and paper currency in the colonies

The bold American military strategy that narrowly failed in December 1775 involved a/an...

B) Invasion of Canada by generals Arnold and Montgomery

In his successful negotiation of a military alliance with France, Benjamin Franklin attempted to personally represent...

B) The American ideals of homespun simplicity and democratic social order

The Declaration of Independence's proclamation that all governments everywhere should be based on the universal human rights and consent of the people soon had an impact on...

B) The French Revolution and its Declaration of the Rights of Man

One of the advantages the British enjoyed in the impending conflict with the colonies was...

B) The ability to enlist foreign soldiers, Loyalists and native Americans in their military forces

American colonists especially resented the Townshend Acts because...

B) The revenues from the taxation would go to support British officials and judges in America

Most of the 6 Nations of the Iroquois under Joseph Brant fought for Britain against the American revolutionaries because...

B) They believed that a victorious Britain will contain westward American expansion

During the initial period of fighting between April 1775 and July 1776 the colonists constantly insisted that their goal was...

B) To restore their rights within the British Empire

Explain why Britain attempted tighter control and taxation of Americans after 1763 and why Americans resisted these efforts

Britain didn't want colonist to smuggle anymore, wanted them to pay taxes and they needed revenue to pay off debt; colonists resented new restrictions and taxes without their representation

Assess the balance of forces between the British and the American rebels as the 2 sides prepared for war

British: - well trained - many soldiers - established - navy - Hessians Colonists: - Spirit but not prepared - militia not many regulars - little many/supplies - no navy - not as unified

Besides George Washington, the most militarily brilliant and effective American officer in the early campaigns of 1776 and 1777 was General...

C) Benedict Arnold

Which of the following was not among the groups that produced large numbers of loyalists?

C) Prebysterians and Congregationalists

The British theory of mercantilism by which the colonists were governed, held that...

C) The colonial economy should be carefully controlled to serve the home country's needs

At the time of the American revolution the population of Britain was approximately 75 25 than the population of the 13 American colonies...

D) 3 times larger

When British officials decided to enforce the East India Company's tea monopoly and the threepence tax on tea...

D) Colonists were outraged because they saw it as a trick to undermine their principled resistance to the tax

Many of the German Hessian soldiers hired by King George III to fight for the British...

D) Had little loyalty to the British cause and ended up deserting

The British parliamentary government at the time of the American revolution was headed by...

D) Lord North

The British political party that was generally more sympathetic to the American cause was the...

D) Whigs Party

The British relied on the numerous Loyalists to aid them in fighting the Patriots especially in...

D) the Carolinas

In the peace negotiations at Paris, the French wanted the new American republic to...

E) Be confined to the territory East of the Appalachian mountains

The most intolerable of the Intolerable Acts that the British imposed as punishment for the Boston Tea Party were...

E) Closing the port of Boston and the Quartering act lodging British soldiers in private homes

The passage of the Quebec Act aroused intense American fears because it

E) Extended Catholic jurisdiction and a non-jury judicial system into the English-speaking Ohio country

The Battle of Saratoga was a key turning point of the War for independence because it...

E) Foiled the British attempt to isolate New England and it brought French assistance the Revolutionary cause

In the Revolutionary War, African Americans...

E) Fought in both the American Patriot and British loyalist military forces

George Washington proved to be an especially effective commander of American forces in the Revolution because...

E) Of his integrity, courage, and moral forcefulness

Thomas Paine's appeal for a new rupublican form of government attracted many Americans because...

E) Their own experience with local and colonial self-governance had prepared them for the idea that they did not need a monarch