Chapter 7 and 8 OB

54) Which of the following statements is true regarding gainsharing?

A) Gainsharing focuses on productivity gains rather than profits.

You manage a department of five employees. You have identified that Joe has high need for achievement, Mary has high need for power, and Tim has high need for affiliation. Sarah scored high on the need for power and low on the need for affiliation. Doug scores low on both need for power and need for affiliation. 68) Which of these five employees is most likely to be suitable for a new assignment that involves a high degree of personal responsibility and feedback?

A) Joe

36) Which of the following is the distinct characteristic common to all participative management programs?

A) joint decision making

6) Which of the following statements is true regarding Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory?

B) A substantially satisfied need no longer motivates.

35) ________ is a participative process that uses employees' input to increase their commitment to the organization's success.

B) Employee involvement

49) Which of the following statements is true regarding a merit-based pay plan?

C) Unions typically resist merit-based pay plan.

45) Theory Y ________.

E) is consistent with participative management

9) The ________ theory is also called motivation-hygiene theory.

E) two-factor

39) Which of the following ways of increasing self-efficacy is generally used by motivational speakers?

E) verbal persuasion

1) Motivation is one of the most frequently researched topics in OB. According to a study, by workers' own reports, they waste roughly 2 hours per day, not counting lunch and scheduled breaks and the biggest time-wasters are Internet surfing and ________

talking with co-workers

40) Which of the following statements is true regarding participative management?

A) Participative management typically has only a modest influence on variables such as employee productivity and motivation.

55) How does gainsharing help the group as a whole?

A) The high performers pressure weaker ones to work harder and improve overall performance.

58) Which of the following statements is true regarding an employee stock ownership plan (ESOP)?

A) Under this plan employees acquire stock often at below-market prices.

42) Which of the following terms best describes employees who sit on a company's board of directors and represent the interests of the firm's employees?

A) board representatives

56) Research on employee stock ownership plans indicates that they ________.

A) increase employee satisfaction

57) According to the expectancy theory, the degree to which an individual believes that performing at a particular level will generate a desired outcome is indicated by the ________ relationship.

A) performance-reward

59) According to the expectancy theory, which of the following relationships indicates the degree to which the individual believes that a particular level of output will lead to the attainment of a desired outcome?

A) performance-reward

19) Job enrichment increases the degree to which the worker controls the ________.

A) planning, execution, and evaluation of the work

26) The evidence on job enrichment shows it ________.

A) reduces absenteeism

27) What sort of goals does Management by Objectives (MBO) emphasize?

A) tangible, verifiable, and measurable

17) What is the main strength of job rotation?

B) It increases motivation.

37) ________ is a form of self-fulfilling prophecy in which believing something can make it true.

B) The Pygmalion effect

68) As a manager, you like the plan because it ________.

B) increases workforce flexibility

27) An arrangement that allows two or more individuals to split a traditional 40-hour-a-week job is called ________.

B) job sharing

5) According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following is a lower-order need?

B) safety

64) If we consider Maslow's hierarchy of needs in the context of Japan, Greece, and Mexico, where uncertainty-avoidance characteristics are strong, then ________ needs would be on top of the hierarchy.

B) security

18) Aberdone Company has redesigned the jobs of the workers in accounts receivables. Instead of simply billing customers, they are now responsible for what used to be management tasks, such as for following up on non-payment, determining when bills will be sent to a collection agency, and what accounts receivables can be written off as non-collectable. Which of the following methods of job enrichment is used in this example?

B) vertical job expansion

40) Joanna watches her friend Sharon slim down. This increases her confidence that she can lose weight too. Which of the following ways of increasing self-efficacy is represented by this example?

B) vicarious modeling

41) The two most common forms of representative participation are ________ and board representatives.

B) work councils

10) Which of the following statements is true according to the two-factor theory?

C) Adequate hygiene factors ensure that people are not dissatisfied.

12) According to the two-factor theory, which of the following statements would likely be true?

C) Fixing the conditions that make the employees dissatisfied will not make them satisfied.

46) James is a salaried employee whose job is to proofread legal documents. He discovers that he is paid substantially more than his colleagues, even though their jobs and performances are very similar. What is likely to be his reaction to this discovery according to the equity theory?

C) He will increase the quantity or the quality of documents he proofreads.

13) Which of the following statements is true regarding job rotation?

C) It decreases productivity.

26) Which of the following statements is true regarding goals?

C) People do better when they get feedback on how well they are progressing toward their goals.

33) ________ refers to an individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task.

C) Self-efficacy

8) Mariah is the manager in a restaurant. According to Douglas McGregor's Theory X, which of the following is a behavior she would most likely exhibit?

C) She would strictly control all the details of any project she is managing.

6) According to the job characteristics model, autonomy is defined as the degree to which ________.

C) a job provides the worker freedom in scheduling the work

38) With reference to the four ways of increasing self-efficacy as proposed by Albert Bandura, verbal persuasion involves becoming more confident ________.

C) because someone convinces you that you have the skills necessary to be successful

Amalgamated Industries manufactures parts for furniture. Management has decided to change the method of payment to a skill-based pay plan. You are interested in increasing your current compensation and see this as an opportunity. 67) You should expect to earn more if you ________.

C) cross-train in other jobs

28) Which of the following is the major drawback of job sharing from management's perspective?

C) difficulty in finding compatible partners

11) According to the job characteristics model, ________ indicates the degree to which carrying out work activities generates direct and clear information about your own performance.

C) feedback

32) The ________ theory is also known as the social cognitive theory or the social learning theory.

C) goal-setting

10) Jobs that score ________ give incumbents a feeling of personal responsibility for the results.

C) high on autonomy

65) You notice that members of the janitorial staff are low skilled and are suffering from overroutinization of their work. They are most likely to be motivated by ________.

C) job rotation

In an example, a local church is made up of people who are very different in their lifestyles and their stages of life. Mary is a 23-year-old single parent who earns the minimum wage. Jonathan is 60 years old, extremely wealthy, and works because he enjoys it. Jane is a 45-year-old lawyer who earns well and is well-respected in her profession. She is extremely career-oriented and is proud of her achievements. 65) According to Maslow's hierarchy, Mary is likely to focus on satisfying ________ needs.

C) physiological

46) The ________ pay plan has long been popular as a means of compensating production workers by paying a fixed sum for each unit of production completed.

C) piece-rate

66) You are looking at flextime and realize that it will probably work least well for which of the following jobs?

C) receptionist

62) According to research findings, which of the following is more likely to be motivating for the employees in the long run?

C) recognition

39) Almost every country in Western Europe requires companies to practice ________, called "the most widely legislated form of employee involvement around the world."

C) representative participation

14) According to the two-factor theory, ________ is a motivating factor.

C) responsibility

37) Participative management is a method of management where ________.

C) subordinates share a significant degree of decision-making power with their immediate superiors

54) The expectancy theory proposes that ________.

C) the strength of a tendency to act in a certain way depends on the strength of our expectation of a given outcome and its attractiveness

3) Increasingly, research on motivation focuses on approaches that link motivational concepts to changes in the way ________ is/are structured.

C) work

3) Motivation can be defined by three key elements. ________ is one of these three key elements and it is the element most of us focus on when we talk about motivation

D) Intensity

69) Which of the following may be a disadvantage of introducing this type of pay plan?

D) It does not address the level of performance.

31) Which of the following statements is true regarding a management by objective (MBO) program?

D) MBO programs involve explicit time periods.

5) According to the job characteristics model, task significance is the degree to which ________.

D) a job affects the lives or work of other people

45) The equity theory ________.

D) discusses four referent comparisons self-inside, self-outside, other-inside, other-outside

59) Which of the following is an example of an intrinsic reward?

D) employee recognition

7) According to Douglas McGregor's Theory Y, a manager assumes that employees ________.

D) exercise self-direction

53) Which of the following theories discusses three relationships: effort-performance relationship, performance-reward relationship, and rewards-personal goals relationship?

D) expectancy theory

50) A skill-based pay plan is also called a ________ pay plan.

D) knowledge-based

41) In equity theory, individuals assess the ________.

D) outcome-input ratio

4) Which of the following is not one of the core job dimensions in the job characteristics model (JCM)?

D) reward

In an example, a local church is made up of people who are very different in their lifestyles and their stages of life. Mary is a 23-year-old single parent who earns the minimum wage. Jonathan is 60 years old, extremely wealthy, and works because he enjoys it. Jane is a 45-year-old lawyer who earns well and is well-respected in her profession. She is extremely career-oriented and is proud of her achievements. 66) Jane is likely to focus on which of the following levels of needs?

D) self-actualization

12) Anya is a graphic designer in a firm specializing in making logos for their clients. Last week, she got client specifications on how to make a new logo. She was able to create a prototype, and having got it initially reviewed by her immediate supervisor, she made changes until the client was satisfied with her final product. Based on this description, it's safe to say that Anya's job is high in ________ and ________.

D) task identity; feedback

17) The two-factor theory proposes that ________.

D) the factors that lead to job satisfaction are separate and distinct from those that lead to job dissatisfaction

35) The researcher who developed self-efficacy theory, Albert Bandura, proposes four ways self-efficacy can be increased. Which of the following is one of these four ways that involves becoming more confident because you see someone else doing the task?

D) vicarious modeling

In an example, a local church is made up of people who are very different in their lifestyles and their stages of life. Mary is a 23-year-old single parent who earns the minimum wage. Jonathan is 60 years old, extremely wealthy, and works because he enjoys it. Jane is a 45-year-old lawyer who earns well and is well-respected in her profession. She is extremely career-oriented and is proud of her achievements. 67) Which of the following do you think would motivate Jonathan the most?

E) a greater sense of inner peace

33) For management, the major downside of telecommuting is ________.

E) less direct supervision of employees

9) In the job characteristics model (JCM), which three core job dimensions combine to create meaningful work?

E) skill variety, task identity, and task significance

25) Goals seem to have a more substantial effect on performance when the ________.

E) tasks are independent rather than interdependent

2) ________ is defined as the processes that account for an individual's intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.

Motivation