cross-cultural psych: ch 7 motivation and behavior

__% women

90

sex culture

A set of requirement, beliefs, symbols, and norms regarding sexuality and its expression.

_____ and _____ most common reasons for divorce

adultery and sterility

achievement

people constantly strive for this--- social need

Agressive Motivation

the desire to harm or injure others

sociological theories

the nature of human motivation is social or economic

learning theories

-people are aware of their thought process -therefore can control their motivation and behavior

us shows more competitive and individualistic than

Chinese

motivation

a condition that initiates, activates, or maintains the individuals goal directed behavior

need

a motivated state caused my psychological or physiological deprivation

individualist success motivation

affects one's attitudes and actions and is directed to the attainment of personal goals

drive

an internal aroused condition that directs an organism to satisfy some physiological need

salvation

anticipation for sweet and salty food

2 categories of needs

biological and social

hunger

biological need

are boys or girls more aggressive?

boys

learned during

childhood

extrinsic

comes from the external environment

the struggle for survival within the human species motivates people to

compete for scarce resources ---- those who lack motivation WILL fail

relative stregnths of needs are

cultural specific a

frustuation-aggression hypothesis

describes aggression as the dominant response to frustration

social

direct people toward establishing and maintaining relationships

collectivist-success motivation

directs a person to connect with other people; the individual's contribution is seen as beneficial to the members of a particular group or society in general

achievement motivation scores highly correlated with

economic growth

intrinsic

engages people for no apparent reward except the pleasure and satisfaction of the activity itself

most gay men in china __

eventually chose to marry a women

humanistic theories

focus on human dignity, individual choice and self-worth

exposure of a novel food product

increases our willingness to try another

evolutionary approach to human motivation generally overlooks the influence of

individual choice and reason

bulimia nervosa

individual consistently follows a binge-and-purge eating pattern

two types of motivation

intrinsic and extrinsic

anorexia nervosa

involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation

eagerness to eat is: pulled by our

learned responses to external stimuli

pioneer of humanistic theory

maslow

_______ can affect aggression

modeling

reward

more likely to do again

sexual motivation

motivation to engage in sexual activity

is it genetic?

no

with intrinsic motivation you

obtain cognitive stimulation gain a sense of accomplishment

evolutionary perspective: women prefer to marry ______ men

older, wealthier -- provide material resources

acquired from

parents

Maslow Hierarchy of Needs Theory

physiological needs, safety, love and belonging, esteem, self actualization

eagerness to eat is: pushed by

physiological state

aggression is _____ reinforced

positively -- gain power and control, obtain material resources or resist provocation

ex of frusturation-aggression

poverty, broken families, unemployment and discrimination

extrinsic rewards

praise, high grades and money-- can strengthen existing behavior

linked to following factors

psychological, political, biological, socioeconomic and cultural

humans and animals seek

sensory stimulation

punishment

should stop doing

cultural norms have a ______ impact on whether or not an individual has fear of gaining weight, needs to be thin or how attractiveness is defined

significant

more aggressive due to

socialization testosterone peer support

arousal theories of motivation

sugguest that people seek to maintain optimal levels of arousal by actively changing their exposure to arousing stimuli

individual experiences create

taste preference

homosexuality

tend to adopt traditional norms and expectations

societies have different _____ of tolerance

thresholds

biological

universal and direct human behavior toward self preservation

self-actualization

upon entrance-- people become qualitatively different

motivation is

usually an internal condition

sex culture ____ throughout the world

varies

disorders are more common in ____ countries

western

drive state

when an organism is motivated by a need --- goal directed behavior

no significant sex or nationality differences _______ nations

within or between

evolutionary perspective: men prefer to marry ____ women

younger, attractive-- high reproductive potential