cross-cultural psych: ch 7 motivation and behavior
__% women
90
sex culture
A set of requirement, beliefs, symbols, and norms regarding sexuality and its expression.
_____ and _____ most common reasons for divorce
adultery and sterility
achievement
people constantly strive for this--- social need
Agressive Motivation
the desire to harm or injure others
sociological theories
the nature of human motivation is social or economic
learning theories
-people are aware of their thought process -therefore can control their motivation and behavior
us shows more competitive and individualistic than
Chinese
motivation
a condition that initiates, activates, or maintains the individuals goal directed behavior
need
a motivated state caused my psychological or physiological deprivation
individualist success motivation
affects one's attitudes and actions and is directed to the attainment of personal goals
drive
an internal aroused condition that directs an organism to satisfy some physiological need
salvation
anticipation for sweet and salty food
2 categories of needs
biological and social
hunger
biological need
are boys or girls more aggressive?
boys
learned during
childhood
extrinsic
comes from the external environment
the struggle for survival within the human species motivates people to
compete for scarce resources ---- those who lack motivation WILL fail
relative stregnths of needs are
cultural specific a
frustuation-aggression hypothesis
describes aggression as the dominant response to frustration
social
direct people toward establishing and maintaining relationships
collectivist-success motivation
directs a person to connect with other people; the individual's contribution is seen as beneficial to the members of a particular group or society in general
achievement motivation scores highly correlated with
economic growth
intrinsic
engages people for no apparent reward except the pleasure and satisfaction of the activity itself
most gay men in china __
eventually chose to marry a women
humanistic theories
focus on human dignity, individual choice and self-worth
exposure of a novel food product
increases our willingness to try another
evolutionary approach to human motivation generally overlooks the influence of
individual choice and reason
bulimia nervosa
individual consistently follows a binge-and-purge eating pattern
two types of motivation
intrinsic and extrinsic
anorexia nervosa
involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation
eagerness to eat is: pulled by our
learned responses to external stimuli
pioneer of humanistic theory
maslow
_______ can affect aggression
modeling
reward
more likely to do again
sexual motivation
motivation to engage in sexual activity
is it genetic?
no
with intrinsic motivation you
obtain cognitive stimulation gain a sense of accomplishment
evolutionary perspective: women prefer to marry ______ men
older, wealthier -- provide material resources
acquired from
parents
Maslow Hierarchy of Needs Theory
physiological needs, safety, love and belonging, esteem, self actualization
eagerness to eat is: pushed by
physiological state
aggression is _____ reinforced
positively -- gain power and control, obtain material resources or resist provocation
ex of frusturation-aggression
poverty, broken families, unemployment and discrimination
extrinsic rewards
praise, high grades and money-- can strengthen existing behavior
linked to following factors
psychological, political, biological, socioeconomic and cultural
humans and animals seek
sensory stimulation
punishment
should stop doing
cultural norms have a ______ impact on whether or not an individual has fear of gaining weight, needs to be thin or how attractiveness is defined
significant
more aggressive due to
socialization testosterone peer support
arousal theories of motivation
sugguest that people seek to maintain optimal levels of arousal by actively changing their exposure to arousing stimuli
individual experiences create
taste preference
homosexuality
tend to adopt traditional norms and expectations
societies have different _____ of tolerance
thresholds
biological
universal and direct human behavior toward self preservation
self-actualization
upon entrance-- people become qualitatively different
motivation is
usually an internal condition
sex culture ____ throughout the world
varies
disorders are more common in ____ countries
western
drive state
when an organism is motivated by a need --- goal directed behavior
no significant sex or nationality differences _______ nations
within or between
evolutionary perspective: men prefer to marry ____ women
younger, attractive-- high reproductive potential