Chapter 7 & 8
extension
Straightening of a joint
fibrous joints
consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together
hinge joint example
elbow and knee
foy
farewell feast or gift
suture joint
fibrous immovable joint, such as between the bones of the skull
diarthrotic
freely movable joint
synovial joints
freely movable joints
Synarthrosis
i mmovable joint
-blast
immature cell
synarthrotic
immovable joint
plane joint
joint between wrists and ankles
condylar joint example
joints between metacarpals and phalanges
long bones
longer than they are wide
Osteocytes
mature bone cells
pronation
movement that turns the palm down
Circumduction
moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder
Synergist
muscle that aids a prime mover in a movement and helps prevent rotation
bone cells
osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts
gomphosis joint
peg in socket; ex. tooth in socket; synarthrotic
endochondral
pertaining to something within cartilage
lamellae
rings around the central canal, sites of lacunae
pivot joint
rotating bone turns around an axis; i.e. connection between radius/ulna and humerus
ball and socket joint
shoulder and hip
Amphiarthrosis
slightly movable joint
lacunae
small cavities that contain osteocytes
yellow marrow
soft, fatty material found in the medullary cavity of long bones
Osteon
structural unit of compact bone
joint classification by function
synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis
diaphysis and epiphysis
the diaphysis refers to the shaft of a long bone and the epiphysis refers to the end of a long bone
red marrow
thick, bloodlike material found in flat bones and the ends of long bones; location of blood cell formation
saddle joint
thumb
-clast
to break
poie
to make, to produce
Suprination
turning the hand so the palm is upward or facing anteriorly
synchondrosis joint
-Cartilaginous joint -Hyaline cartilage -Synarthrosis
medullary cavity
cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow
periosteum
A dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at their extremities) and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles.
Gomphosis
A type of fibrous joint such as a tooth into the alveolus
Canaliculi
Hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal
Osteoclasts are
cells that break down bone matrix
intramembranous
________ ossification is when a bone develops from fibrous membrane
Agonist
a molecule that, by binding to a receptor site, stimulates a response
Flexion
bending a joint
Osteoblasts
bone forming cells
endochondral bones
bone that begins as hyaline cartilage that is subsequently replaced by bone tissue
intramembranous bones
bone that forms from membranelike layers of primitive connective tissue
syndesmosis joint
bones are held together by a cord or sheet of dense fibrous connective tissue
flat bones
bones of the ribs, shoulder blades, pelvis, and skull
irregular bones
bones of the vertebrae and face
short bones
bones of the wrist and ankles
