Chapter 7: Axial
Inflammation of one or more costal cartilages can mimic chest pain associated with a heart attack. What is this condition called? a) intercostal space distension b) arthritis c) otitis d) costochondritis e) cartilaginous distension
d) COSTOCHONDRITIS
A prominent ridge or elongated projection on a bone is called a __?__. a) trochanter b) sulcus c) fossa d) crest e) tubercle
d) CREST
A rounded articular projection supported on a constricted portion (neck) of a bone is called a __?__. a) trochanter b) condyle c) foramen d) head e) tuberosity
d) HEAD
Which condition is characterized by a lateral bending of the vertebral column in the thoracic region? a) herniated disc b) lordosis c) spina bifida d) scoliosis e) kyphosis
d) SCOLIOSIS
Which of the following cranial bones contains the organs of hearing and balance, and articulate with the mandible? a) parietal b) frontal c) occipital d) temporal e) sphenoid
d) TEMPORAL
Which are the three components of the nasal septum? a) vomer, superior nasal concha, and septal cartilage b) inferior nasal concha, septal cartilage, perpendicular plate of ethmoid c) vomer, septal cartilage, and crista galli of ethmoid d) vomer, septal cartilage, and perpendicular plate of ethmoid e) inferior nasal concha, vomer, and lacrimal bone
d) VOMER, SEPTAL CARTILAGE, AND PERPENDICULAR PLATE OF ETHMOID
Bones in the following area protect the brain. a) ribcage b) face c) vertebral column d) sacrum e) cranium
e) CRANIUM
If cerebrospinal fluid was in the nasal cavity, this would indicate damage to the __?__. a) sphenoid b) nasal c) frontal d) temporal e) ethmoid
e) ETHMOID
What bone marking found on the second cervical vertebra projects superiorly into the anterior portion of the vertebral foramen of the atlas? a) transverse process b) articular facet c) body d) spinous process e) odontoid process
e) ODONTOID PROCESS
Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton? a) scapula b) tibia c) clavicle d) tarsals e) sphenoid
e) SPHENOID
Leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), called CSF otorrhea, though the ear structures is a rare but potentially life-threatening situation that requires rapid intervention. A finding of CSF in the middle ear would potentially indicate damage to which bone? a) occipital b) parietal c) zygomatic d) ethmoid e) temporal
e) TEMPORAL
Which of the following cranial bones forms the inferior lateral aspects of the cranium and part of the cranial floor? a) parietal b) ethmoid c) frontal d) occipital e) temporal
e) TEMPORAL
Ribs that have costal cartilage that attaches directly to the sternum are called __?__ ribs. a) floating b) separated c) vertebrochondral d) false e) true
e) TRUE
Which bone of the axial skeleton does NOT articulate with any other bone? a) sternum b) ethmoid c) vertebrae d) ilium e) hyoid
e)HYOID
Which of the following types of bone is the occipital bone? a) flat b) irregular c) sesamoid d) short e) long
a) FLAT
An opening or hole in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves and ligaments pass is called a __?__. a) foramen b) fissure c) meatus d) fossa e) sulcus
a) FORAMEN
The branch of medicine that deals with correction of disorders of the musculoskeletal system is called __?__. a) orthopedics b) podiatry c) dermatology d) cardiology e) rheumatics
a) ORTHOPEDICS
The pituitary gland is contained in a depression found in which cranial bone? a) ethmoid b) sphenoid c) lacrimal d) parietal e) temporal
b) SPHENOID
The sella turcica is a bony depression found in which cranial bone? a) occipital b) sphenoid c) temporal d) frontal e) ethmoid
b) SPHENOID
The hyoid bone is suspended by ligaments and muscle that extend from the ___?__ of the temporal bone. a) mastoid process b) styloid process c) superior nuchal line d) zygomatic process e) occipital condyles
b) STYLOID PROCESS
Which of the following statements is NOT true with regard to bones of the skull? a) the facial bones provide support for the entrance of the digestive system b) the bones of the skull contain foramina but no fissures c) some skull bone cavities are covered with a mucous membrane d) some bones of the skull contain sinus cavities e) the only movable bone in the skull is the mandible
b) THE BONES OF THE SKULL CONTAIN FORAMINA BUT NO FISSURES
TRANSVERSE
Letter A indicates the left __________ process.
INFERIOR ARTICULAR
Letter E indicates the right __________ __________ process.
VOMER
Letter E is the __________.
C
Letter __________ indicates the right superior articular process.
B
Letter __________ indicates the spinous process.
FRONTAL BONE
Number 2 is the __________ __________.
ZYGOMATIC BONE
Number 3 is the __________ __________.
A
On the diagram, which fontanel usually is the last to close, typically closing within 18-24 months after birth: __________
A
The crista galli is shown at __________ (type in the Arabic number or letter)
Which of the following is NOT true of surface markings on bone? a) they provide sites of attachment for muscles b) they allow bones to shorten or lengthen c) they can be depressions or projections d) they help form joints e) they allow the passage of nerves and blood vessels
b) THEY ALLOW BONES TO SHORTEN OR LENGTHEN
Craniosyntosis occurs when bones in an infant skull fuse too early causing a misshapen head. Which of the following bones would NOT be involved in craniosyntosis? a) parietal b) frontal c) occipital d) temporal e) sphenoid f) zygomatic
f) ZYGOMATIC
A __________ would articulate at D.
rib
g) GREEN
What is the COLOR of the bone called the keystone of the cranial floor? a) dark yellow b) blue c) purple d) red e) orange f) yellow g) green
b) BLUE
What is the COLOR of the bone forming the superior aspect of the orbit? a) green b) blue c) orange d) purple e) yellow f) dark yellow g) red
c) YELLOW
What is the COLOR of the bone that articulates with every other bone of the face except the mandible? a) orange b) purple c) yellow d) blue e) green
a) PURPLE
What is the COLOR of the bone where you would find the styloid process? a) purple b) dark yellow c) red d) yellow e) blue f) natural g) orange h) green
b) ORANGE
What is the COLOR of the bone with a temporal process? a) green b) orange c) purple d) dark yellow e) yellow f) red g) blue
d) ORANGE
What is the COLOR of the zygomatic bone? a) blue b) yellow c) green d) orange e) purple
B
Which bone in the diagram is classified as a short bone? Letter __________
a) F
Which letter indicates the sphenoid? a) F b) I c) D d) H e) G
E
Which letter represents a condyle that articulates with C1? Letter __________
B
Which letter represents the cribriform plate? Letter __________
C
Which letter represents the location where Cranial Nerve VIII (the vestibulocochlear nerve) passes through the skull? Letter __________
Which of the following is NOT a facial bone? a) parietal b) zygomatic c) palatine d) maxillae e) nasal
a) PARIETAL
Which of the following is classified as a flat bone? a) humerus b) patella c) cuboid d) sternum e) vertebrae
a) STERNUM
Which bone forms the zygomatic arch with the zygomatic bone? a) temporal b) frontal c) mandible d) sphenoid e) parietal
a) TEMPORAL
Which of the following is a cranial bone that is located anterior to the sphenoid and posterior to the nasal bones and contains foramina for the olfactory cranial nerve? a) ethmoid b) maxilla c) palatine d) temporal e) frontal
a) ethmoid
Hyaline cartilage is associated with numerous structures in the skeletal system. Which bones and structures of the axial skeletal area are NOT associated with hyaline cartilage? a) xiphoid process b) annulus fibrosus c) costal cartilages d) septal cartilages e) articular surfaces of adjacent vertebrae
b) ANNULUS FIBROSUS
Which of the following bones is NOT part of the axial skeleton? a) vertebrae b) carpals c) sternum d) ribs e) hyoid
b) CARPALS
Craniodiaphysial dysplasia is a bone disorder that causes calcium to accumulate in the skull. These deposits of calcium decrease the foramina size in the skull. Which of the following would NOT be an effect of smaller foramina? a) inadequate blood flow to structure in the skill b) compression of spinal nerves c) intracranial hypertension (high blood pressure in the skull) d) compression of cranial nerves
b) COMPRESSION OF SPINAL NERVES
In infants, hydrocephalus, water on the brain, causes bulging and swelling in the head. The head appears larger than expected. Two important diseases that cause hydrocephalus are toxoplasmosis and the Zika virus. What structure in the axial skeletal system will bulge? a) intervertebral discs b) fontanelles c) foramen d) sutures e) sinuses
b) FONTANELLES
Which condition is the protrusion of the nucleus pulposus posteriorly or into one of the adjacent vertebral bodies in the vertebral column? a) lordosis b) herniated disc c) spina bifida d) kyphosis e) scoliosis
b) HERNIATED DISC
Which condition is also called "hunchback" due to an increase in the thoracic curve of the vertebral column? a) spina bifida b) kyphosis c) lordosis d) herniated disc e) scoliosis
b) KYPHOSIS
The _?__ suture articulates with the most bones in the skull. a) frontal b) lambdoid c) coronal d) squamous e) sagittal
b) LAMBDOID
Which facial bone articulates with teeth? a) vomer b) maxillae c) palatine d) lacrimal e) nasal
b) MAXILLAE
Which of the following structures passes through the foramen magnum? a) internal carotid artery b) cranial nerve x (vagus) c) cranial nerve xi (accessory) d) cranial nerve vii (facial)
c) CRANIAL NERVE XI (ACCESSORY)
What is the function of the intervertebral discs? a) store calcium b) act as a spinal fluid reservoir c) help absorb vertical shock to the spinal column d) compress the vertebral bones e) provide muscle attachment
c) HELP ABSORB VERTICAL SHOCK TO THE SPINAL COLUMN
Which of the vertebrae listed below would be the largest and strongest vertebra in adult humans? a) C5 b) T12 c) L4 d) T4 e) C7
c) L4
Which of the following bones houses a sac that collects tears and passes them into the nasal cavity? a) maxilla b) nasal c) lacrimal d) sphenoid e) ethmoid
c) LACRIMAL
Which of following facial bones is a single (unpaired) bone in the human skull? a) lacrimal b) maxilla c) mandible d) zygomatic e) nasal
c) MANDIBLE
Which of the following is NOT a facial bone? a) lacrimal b) palatine c) occipital d) vomer e) mandible
c) OCCIPITAL
Which of the following bones is called the "keystone" of the cranial floor because it articulates with every other cranial bone? a) frontal b) ethmoid c) sphenoid d) parietal e) occipital
c) SPHENOID
Joe was found dead. His hyoid bone was broken. What was the most likely cause of death? a) gun shot b) choking c) strangulation d) natural causes e) cardiac arrest
c) STRANGULATION
Which of the following statements is NOT true? a) children have more bones than adults b) the appendicular skeleton has 126 bones c) the appendicular skeleton does not include the pelvic and pectoral girdles d) the axial skeleton is composed of the bones that run through the axis of the body e) the axial skeleton has 80 bones
c) THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON DOES NOT INCLUDE THE PELVIC AND PECTORAL GIRDLES
The two primary curves of the adult vertebral column are the __?__ curves. a) cervical and sacral b) cervical and thoracic c) thoracic and sacral d) lumbar and sacral e) cervical and lumbar
c) THORACIC AND SACRAL
The tubercle found on the neck of a rib articulates with a facet found on the __?___ a) xiphoid process of the sternum b) spinous process of a lumbar vertebra c) transverse process of a thoracic vertebra d) manubrium of the sternum e) spinous process of a lumbar vertebra
c) TRANSVERSE PROCESS OF A THORACIC VERTEBRA