Chapter 7: Axial

Inflammation of one or more costal cartilages can mimic chest pain associated with a heart attack. What is this condition called? a) intercostal space distension b) arthritis c) otitis d) costochondritis e) cartilaginous distension

d) COSTOCHONDRITIS

A prominent ridge or elongated projection on a bone is called a __?__. a) trochanter b) sulcus c) fossa d) crest e) tubercle

d) CREST

A rounded articular projection supported on a constricted portion (neck) of a bone is called a __?__. a) trochanter b) condyle c) foramen d) head e) tuberosity

d) HEAD

Which condition is characterized by a lateral bending of the vertebral column in the thoracic region? a) herniated disc b) lordosis c) spina bifida d) scoliosis e) kyphosis

d) SCOLIOSIS

Which of the following cranial bones contains the organs of hearing and balance, and articulate with the mandible? a) parietal b) frontal c) occipital d) temporal e) sphenoid

d) TEMPORAL

Which are the three components of the nasal septum? a) vomer, superior nasal concha, and septal cartilage b) inferior nasal concha, septal cartilage, perpendicular plate of ethmoid c) vomer, septal cartilage, and crista galli of ethmoid d) vomer, septal cartilage, and perpendicular plate of ethmoid e) inferior nasal concha, vomer, and lacrimal bone

d) VOMER, SEPTAL CARTILAGE, AND PERPENDICULAR PLATE OF ETHMOID

Bones in the following area protect the brain. a) ribcage b) face c) vertebral column d) sacrum e) cranium

e) CRANIUM

If cerebrospinal fluid was in the nasal cavity, this would indicate damage to the __?__. a) sphenoid b) nasal c) frontal d) temporal e) ethmoid

e) ETHMOID

What bone marking found on the second cervical vertebra projects superiorly into the anterior portion of the vertebral foramen of the atlas? a) transverse process b) articular facet c) body d) spinous process e) odontoid process

e) ODONTOID PROCESS

Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton? a) scapula b) tibia c) clavicle d) tarsals e) sphenoid

e) SPHENOID

Leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), called CSF otorrhea, though the ear structures is a rare but potentially life-threatening situation that requires rapid intervention. A finding of CSF in the middle ear would potentially indicate damage to which bone? a) occipital b) parietal c) zygomatic d) ethmoid e) temporal

e) TEMPORAL

Which of the following cranial bones forms the inferior lateral aspects of the cranium and part of the cranial floor? a) parietal b) ethmoid c) frontal d) occipital e) temporal

e) TEMPORAL

Ribs that have costal cartilage that attaches directly to the sternum are called __?__ ribs. a) floating b) separated c) vertebrochondral d) false e) true

e) TRUE

Which bone of the axial skeleton does NOT articulate with any other bone? a) sternum b) ethmoid c) vertebrae d) ilium e) hyoid

e)HYOID

Which of the following types of bone is the occipital bone? a) flat b) irregular c) sesamoid d) short e) long

a) FLAT

An opening or hole in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves and ligaments pass is called a __?__. a) foramen b) fissure c) meatus d) fossa e) sulcus

a) FORAMEN

The branch of medicine that deals with correction of disorders of the musculoskeletal system is called __?__. a) orthopedics b) podiatry c) dermatology d) cardiology e) rheumatics

a) ORTHOPEDICS

The pituitary gland is contained in a depression found in which cranial bone? a) ethmoid b) sphenoid c) lacrimal d) parietal e) temporal

b) SPHENOID

The sella turcica is a bony depression found in which cranial bone? a) occipital b) sphenoid c) temporal d) frontal e) ethmoid

b) SPHENOID

The hyoid bone is suspended by ligaments and muscle that extend from the ___?__ of the temporal bone. a) mastoid process b) styloid process c) superior nuchal line d) zygomatic process e) occipital condyles

b) STYLOID PROCESS

Which of the following statements is NOT true with regard to bones of the skull? a) the facial bones provide support for the entrance of the digestive system b) the bones of the skull contain foramina but no fissures c) some skull bone cavities are covered with a mucous membrane d) some bones of the skull contain sinus cavities e) the only movable bone in the skull is the mandible

b) THE BONES OF THE SKULL CONTAIN FORAMINA BUT NO FISSURES

TRANSVERSE

Letter A indicates the left __________ process.

INFERIOR ARTICULAR

Letter E indicates the right __________ __________ process.

VOMER

Letter E is the __________.

C

Letter __________ indicates the right superior articular process.

B

Letter __________ indicates the spinous process.

FRONTAL BONE

Number 2 is the __________ __________.

ZYGOMATIC BONE

Number 3 is the __________ __________.

A

On the diagram, which fontanel usually is the last to close, typically closing within 18-24 months after birth: __________

A

The crista galli is shown at __________ (type in the Arabic number or letter)

Which of the following is NOT true of surface markings on bone? a) they provide sites of attachment for muscles b) they allow bones to shorten or lengthen c) they can be depressions or projections d) they help form joints e) they allow the passage of nerves and blood vessels

b) THEY ALLOW BONES TO SHORTEN OR LENGTHEN

Craniosyntosis occurs when bones in an infant skull fuse too early causing a misshapen head. Which of the following bones would NOT be involved in craniosyntosis? a) parietal b) frontal c) occipital d) temporal e) sphenoid f) zygomatic

f) ZYGOMATIC

A __________ would articulate at D.

rib

g) GREEN

What is the COLOR of the bone called the keystone of the cranial floor? a) dark yellow b) blue c) purple d) red e) orange f) yellow g) green

b) BLUE

What is the COLOR of the bone forming the superior aspect of the orbit? a) green b) blue c) orange d) purple e) yellow f) dark yellow g) red

c) YELLOW

What is the COLOR of the bone that articulates with every other bone of the face except the mandible? a) orange b) purple c) yellow d) blue e) green

a) PURPLE

What is the COLOR of the bone where you would find the styloid process? a) purple b) dark yellow c) red d) yellow e) blue f) natural g) orange h) green

b) ORANGE

What is the COLOR of the bone with a temporal process? a) green b) orange c) purple d) dark yellow e) yellow f) red g) blue

d) ORANGE

What is the COLOR of the zygomatic bone? a) blue b) yellow c) green d) orange e) purple

B

Which bone in the diagram is classified as a short bone? Letter __________

a) F

Which letter indicates the sphenoid? a) F b) I c) D d) H e) G

E

Which letter represents a condyle that articulates with C1? Letter __________

B

Which letter represents the cribriform plate? Letter __________

C

Which letter represents the location where Cranial Nerve VIII (the vestibulocochlear nerve) passes through the skull? Letter __________

Which of the following is NOT a facial bone? a) parietal b) zygomatic c) palatine d) maxillae e) nasal

a) PARIETAL

Which of the following is classified as a flat bone? a) humerus b) patella c) cuboid d) sternum e) vertebrae

a) STERNUM

Which bone forms the zygomatic arch with the zygomatic bone? a) temporal b) frontal c) mandible d) sphenoid e) parietal

a) TEMPORAL

Which of the following is a cranial bone that is located anterior to the sphenoid and posterior to the nasal bones and contains foramina for the olfactory cranial nerve? a) ethmoid b) maxilla c) palatine d) temporal e) frontal

a) ethmoid

Hyaline cartilage is associated with numerous structures in the skeletal system. Which bones and structures of the axial skeletal area are NOT associated with hyaline cartilage? a) xiphoid process b) annulus fibrosus c) costal cartilages d) septal cartilages e) articular surfaces of adjacent vertebrae

b) ANNULUS FIBROSUS

Which of the following bones is NOT part of the axial skeleton? a) vertebrae b) carpals c) sternum d) ribs e) hyoid

b) CARPALS

Craniodiaphysial dysplasia is a bone disorder that causes calcium to accumulate in the skull. These deposits of calcium decrease the foramina size in the skull. Which of the following would NOT be an effect of smaller foramina? a) inadequate blood flow to structure in the skill b) compression of spinal nerves c) intracranial hypertension (high blood pressure in the skull) d) compression of cranial nerves

b) COMPRESSION OF SPINAL NERVES

In infants, hydrocephalus, water on the brain, causes bulging and swelling in the head. The head appears larger than expected. Two important diseases that cause hydrocephalus are toxoplasmosis and the Zika virus. What structure in the axial skeletal system will bulge? a) intervertebral discs b) fontanelles c) foramen d) sutures e) sinuses

b) FONTANELLES

Which condition is the protrusion of the nucleus pulposus posteriorly or into one of the adjacent vertebral bodies in the vertebral column? a) lordosis b) herniated disc c) spina bifida d) kyphosis e) scoliosis

b) HERNIATED DISC

Which condition is also called "hunchback" due to an increase in the thoracic curve of the vertebral column? a) spina bifida b) kyphosis c) lordosis d) herniated disc e) scoliosis

b) KYPHOSIS

The _?__ suture articulates with the most bones in the skull. a) frontal b) lambdoid c) coronal d) squamous e) sagittal

b) LAMBDOID

Which facial bone articulates with teeth? a) vomer b) maxillae c) palatine d) lacrimal e) nasal

b) MAXILLAE

Which of the following structures passes through the foramen magnum? a) internal carotid artery b) cranial nerve x (vagus) c) cranial nerve xi (accessory) d) cranial nerve vii (facial)

c) CRANIAL NERVE XI (ACCESSORY)

What is the function of the intervertebral discs? a) store calcium b) act as a spinal fluid reservoir c) help absorb vertical shock to the spinal column d) compress the vertebral bones e) provide muscle attachment

c) HELP ABSORB VERTICAL SHOCK TO THE SPINAL COLUMN

Which of the vertebrae listed below would be the largest and strongest vertebra in adult humans? a) C5 b) T12 c) L4 d) T4 e) C7

c) L4

Which of the following bones houses a sac that collects tears and passes them into the nasal cavity? a) maxilla b) nasal c) lacrimal d) sphenoid e) ethmoid

c) LACRIMAL

Which of following facial bones is a single (unpaired) bone in the human skull? a) lacrimal b) maxilla c) mandible d) zygomatic e) nasal

c) MANDIBLE

Which of the following is NOT a facial bone? a) lacrimal b) palatine c) occipital d) vomer e) mandible

c) OCCIPITAL

Which of the following bones is called the "keystone" of the cranial floor because it articulates with every other cranial bone? a) frontal b) ethmoid c) sphenoid d) parietal e) occipital

c) SPHENOID

Joe was found dead. His hyoid bone was broken. What was the most likely cause of death? a) gun shot b) choking c) strangulation d) natural causes e) cardiac arrest

c) STRANGULATION

Which of the following statements is NOT true? a) children have more bones than adults b) the appendicular skeleton has 126 bones c) the appendicular skeleton does not include the pelvic and pectoral girdles d) the axial skeleton is composed of the bones that run through the axis of the body e) the axial skeleton has 80 bones

c) THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON DOES NOT INCLUDE THE PELVIC AND PECTORAL GIRDLES

The two primary curves of the adult vertebral column are the __?__ curves. a) cervical and sacral b) cervical and thoracic c) thoracic and sacral d) lumbar and sacral e) cervical and lumbar

c) THORACIC AND SACRAL

The tubercle found on the neck of a rib articulates with a facet found on the __?___ a) xiphoid process of the sternum b) spinous process of a lumbar vertebra c) transverse process of a thoracic vertebra d) manubrium of the sternum e) spinous process of a lumbar vertebra

c) TRANSVERSE PROCESS OF A THORACIC VERTEBRA