Chapter 7 - Axial and Appendicular

Identify the articulation site that allows us to rotate our head, e.g. shaking the head "no". Atlas - axis Occipital bone - atlas Occipital bone - axis Axis - C3

Atlas - axis Correct. The prominent projection known as dens on the axis forms a pivot joint with the atlas, allowing the atlas to rotate around the axis. The axis is a very sensible name for C2 since it serves as a central axis for rotation of the atlas.

Identify the general location of the zygomatic arch. Lower jaw Bridge of the nose Orbit Cheek

Cheek

Which of the following locations is not formed by part of the maxillae? Upper jaw Nasal septum Hard palate Orbit

Nasal septum

Identify the area of the occipital bone that articulates with the vertebral column. External occipital protuberances Foramen magnum Mastoid processes Occipital condyles

Occipital condyles

The nasal septum occupies which anatomic plane? Frontal Transverse Sagittal Oblique

Sagittal

Identify the suture found between the 2 parietal bones. Coronal suture Sagittal suture Lamdoidal suture Squamosal suture

Sagittal suture Correct. The parietal bones meet at midline on the top of the skull, forming the sagittal suture which runs along the midsagittal plane.

Identify the region of the temporal bone that forms part of the zygomatic arch. Zygomatic process Styloid process Mastoid process Temporal process

Zygomatic process

Place the classes of vertebrae in order as they are situated in the vertebral column from superior to inferior. 1. cervical vertebrae 2. coccygeal vertebrae 3. lumbar vertebrae 4. sacral vertebrae 5. thoracic vertebrae 1, 3, 5, 2, 4 1, 3, 5, 4, 2 1, 5, 3, 4, 2 1, 5, 3, 2, 4

1, 5, 3, 4, 2

How many thoracic vertebrae are there in the vertebral column? 7 5 12 3-5

12 There are 12 thoracic vertebrae

How many vertebrae comprise the thoracic region of the spine? 12 7 5 1

12 Correct! Human beings have 12 total thoracic vertebrae. These vertebrae articulate with the ribs (humans have a total of 12 pairs of ribs).

How many phalangeal bones are in each hand? 7 12 19 14

14

How many bones make up the nasal septum? 4 1 2 3

2

From proximal to distal, what bones form the upper limb? 1. carpals 2. humerus 3. metacarpals 4. phalanges 5. ulna and radius 2, 5, 1, 3, 4 5, 2, 1, 3, 4 2, 5, 1, 4, 3 2, 5, 4, 3, 1

2, 5, 1, 3, 4

How many lumbar vertebrae exist in the vertebral column? 5 7 12 33

5

The sella turcica is best described as: An elevation A depression A projection A hole

A depression

Identify the best description of the mandibular condyle. A depression on the temporal bone A depression on the mandible A projection on the mandible A projection on the temporal bone

A projection on the mandible (The mandibular condyle is the projection on the mandible that helps form the temporomandibular joint.)

Identify the best description of the mandibular fossa. A shallow depression A slight elevation A projection An opening

A shallow depression (The term fossa refers to a landmark that has a concave surface.)

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra? Occipital condyles Atlas Superior articular process Axis

Atlas Correct. The atlas is essentially a ring of bone. Its structure is highly specialized to articulate with the skull.

What is the name of the second cervical vertebra? Atlas Vertebra prominens Axis Dens

Axis Correct. C2 is known as the axis. It has a bony projection called the odontoid process that articulates with C1. C1 can pivot around C2, allowing us to rotate our head/shake head "no".

Identify the part of the mandible that serves as a site of attachment for the temporalis muscle. Coronoid process Mandibular notch Mandibular condyle Coracoid process

Coronoid process

Identify the recessed area surrounding the crista galli. Cribriform plates Sella turcica Glenoid fossa Horizontal plate

Cribriform plates

Identify the landmark that serves as a site of attachment for the meninges. Vomer Perpendicular plate Crista galli Cribriform plate

Crista galli

Identify the articulation site for the head of a rib. Transverse costal facet Demi-facet Lamina Pedicle

Demi-facet Correct. The demi-facets are located on the lateral posterior regions of the bodies of the thoracic vertebral. Together, the superior demi-facet of one vertebra and the inferior demi-facet of the neighboring vertebra create a facet where the head of a rib articulates with the vertebral column.

Which of the following bones is not a facial bone? Zygomatic Ethmoid Maxillary Inferior nasal concha

Ethmoid

Identify the hole that marks the opening of the ear canal on the superficial surface of the skull. Styloid process External auditory meatus Mandibular fossa Internal auditory meatus

External auditory meatus

The ethmoid bone is a facial bone. False True

False.

Identify the location of the sphenoid bone. Anterior portion of the cranium Floor of the skull Lateral walls of the nasal cavity Face

Floor of the skull

Name the opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes. Hypoglossal canal Foramen ovale Foramen magnum Foramen spinosum

Foramen magnum

Which of the following foramen convey a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)? Foramen spinosum Foramen lacerum Optic foramen Foramen rotundum

Foramen rotundum

What part of the nasal cavity is formed by the nasal septum? - Forms the medial wall of the nasal cavity. - Forms the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. -Forms the roof of the nasal cavity. -Forms the floor of the nasal cavity.

Forms the medial wall of the nasal cavity.

Which of the following bones is unpaired? Temporal Frontal Parietal Zygomatic

Frontal Correct. There is only one frontal bone. It forms the anterior portion of the cranium (the forehead region).

Identify the location of the ethmoid bone. The superior portion of the skull The floor of the skull In between the orbits The lateral surface of the skull

In between the orbits

Where is the mandibular fossa located? Medial to the styloid process Posterior to the external auditory meatus Inferior to the mastoid process Inferior surface of the zygomatic process

Inferior surface of the zygomatic process (The mandibular fossa is located immediately anterior to the external auditory meatus, just inferior to the proximal part of the zygomatic process.)

Identify the small hole on the maxillary bone located below the orbit. Maxillary sinus Infraorbital foramen Inferior orbital fissure Palatine process

Infraorbital foramen

Identify the small facial bones found in the medial wall of the orbit. Inferior nasal concha Zygomatic Lacrimal Palatine

Lacrimal - The lacrimal bone along with the sphenoid, ethmoid, and frontal bones make up the medial wall of the orbit.

Which bone is NOT considered to be part of the cranium? Occipital bone Ethmoid bone Lacrimal bone Sphenoid bone

Lacrimal bone (Correct. The lacrimal bone is a tiny bone found in the medial portion of the orbit. It is a facial bone, not part of the cranium.)

Identify the large suture on the posterior surface of the skull at the border of the occipital bone. Squamous Lambdoid Sagittal Coronal

Lambdoid

Identify the region of the sphenoid bone that contains the optic canal. Cribriform plate Greater wings Lesser wings Sella turcica

Lesser Wings

Identify the skull bone that can move independent of head movement. Mandible Maxilla Zygomatic bone Nasal bone

Mandible

Which region of the mandible articulates with the cranium? Mandibular notch Mandibular fossa Coronoid process Mandibular condyle

Mandibular condyle

Identify the region of the mandible that forms part of the temporomandibular joint. Coronoid process Mandibular condyle Mandibular notch Mandibular fossa

Mandibular condyle (The mandibular condyle is a knoblike superior projection. It articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone to form the temporomandibular joint.)

Identify the region of the temporal bone that articulates with the lower jaw. Mandibular condyle Mastoid process Zygomatic arch Mandibular fossa

Mandibular fossa

Identify the region of the temporal bone that articulates with the mandible. Mandibular fossa Styloid process Mandibular notch Mandibular condyle

Mandibular fossa (The word fossa indicates that this landmark is a depression. The mandibular fossa of the temporal bone forms the socket in which the mandibular condyle of the mandible articulates, forming the temporomandibular joint.)

Name the U shaped border found between the mandibular condyle and the coronoid process. Mandibular angle Mandibular body Mandibular notch Mandibular symphysis

Mandibular notch

Which facial bones fuse to form the upper jaw? Nasal Lacrimal Zygomatic Maxillary

Maxillary - The fused maxillary bones are known as the maxilla, and form the upper jaw and part of the palate.

Which of the following facial bones contain a sinus? Maxillary Nasal Inferior nasal concha Zygomatic

Maxillary - The maxillary bones contain the maxillary sinuses. They are the largest sinuses, located laterally to the nasal cavity in the region of the cheek.

Which surface of the maxillary bones fuse together? Medial Inferior Lateral Superior

Medial

Which facial bones makeup the central portion of the bridge of the nose? Zygomatic Nasal Maxillary Lacrimal

Nasal - The 2 tombstone shaped nasal bones are found above the nasal cavity. They form a continuous bony bridge that connects the 2 sides of the face.

Which of the following bones do not contain a sinus? Nasal Sphenoid Frontal Maxillary

Nasal Correct. The sinuses found in the skull are collectively known as the paranasal sinuses because they encircle the nasal cavity. The nasal bones are small tombstone shaped bones that form the bridge of the nose and don't contain sinuses.

Identify the articulation site that allows us to nod our head "yes". Occipital bone - atlas Atlas - axis Occipital bone - axis Occipital bone - C

Occipital bone - atlas Occipital bone - atlas Correct. The padlike occipital condyles found on both sides of foramen magnum sit on top of the plate like superior articular processes of the atlas, forming the atlanto-occipital joint. The articular surfaces permit nodding of the head in a "yes" motion (flexion and extension).

Identify the occipital bone landmark that can not be palpated from the surface of the head. Mastoid process External occipital protuberance Occipital condyles Superior nuchal line

Occipital condyles

Identify the region of the skull that articulates with the atlas. Mastoid processes Foramen magnum Superior articular facets Occipital condyles

Occipital condyles Correct. The occipital condyles found on both sides of foramen magnum sit on top of the atlas, forming the atlanto-occipital joint.

Identify the posterior most region of the hard palate. Sphenoid Palatine bone Vomer Palatine process

Palatine bone

Which part of the maxillary bones form the roof of the mouth? Frontal processes Alveolar margins Palatine bones Palatine processes

Palatine processes

Identify the bone that articulates superiorly with the temporal bone. Sphenoid bone Parietal bone Frontal bone Occipital bone

Parietal bone

Identify the part of the ethmoid bone that contributes to the nasal septum. - Cribriform plate -Perpendicular plate -Superior nasal concha -Crista galli

Perpendicular plate

Which part of the ethmoid bone forms the nasal septum? Perpendicular plate Crista galli Vomer Cribriform plates

Perpendicular plate

Identify the location of the occipital bone. Posterior surface and base of the cranium Lateral surface of the cranium Anterior surface and base of the cranium Superior surface of the cranium

Posterior surface and base of the cranium

Identify the primary function of the ethmoidal sinuses. -Reduce the weight of the skull -Conduct air through the nasal cavity -Produce mucus -Convey blood vessels into the nasal cavity

Reduce the weight of the skull

Identify the region of the sphenoid bone in contact with the pituitary gland. Sella turcica Cribriform plate Lesser wings Greater wings

Sella turcica

Which cranial bone spans the width of the cranial floor? Sphenoid Ethmoid Temporal Occipital

Sphenoid Correct. The sphenoid bone is the large bat shaped bone that spans the floor of the skull.

The mandible is not responsible for: Structure of the chin Chewing food Structure of the palate Structure of the lower jaw

Structure of the palate

Identify the landmark on the temporal bone that is a pointy spine. Styloid process Temporal process Zygomatic process Mastoid process

Styloid process

Which region of the vertebral column is located superior to the thoracic region and which region is inferior to the thoracic region, respectively? Superiorly: cervical and inferiorly: lumbar Superiorly: lumbar and inferiorly: cervical Superiorly: lumbar and inferiorly: coccyx Superiorly: cervical and inferiorly: sacrum

Superiorly: cervical and inferiorly: lumbar

Which of the following thoracic vertebrae is the largest? T7 T12 T1 T5

T12 Correct. There are 12 thoracic vertebrae. The size of the individual vertebrae increase from the top of the column to the bottom, therefore the last thoracic vertebra, T12, would be the largest

Identify the cranial nerve that passes through the olfactory foramina. The optic nerve (CN II) The oculomotor nerve (CN III) The olfactory nerve (CN I) The abducens nerve (CN VI)

The olfactory nerve (CN I)

Identify the articulation site for a tubercle of a rib. Demi-facet Inferior articular facet Superior articular facet Transverse costal facet

Transverse costal facet Correct. The transverse costal facet is a slight depression found on the transverse process of a thoracic vertebra. It contacts the tubercle of a rib as the rib extends laterally.

The sphenoid bone contains a sinus. True False

True

Which bone forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum? Vomer Inferior nasal concha Ethmoid Nasal

Vomer

Identify the 2 bones that make up the zygomatic arch. Temporal bone and nasal bone Zygomatic bone and maxillary bone Zygomatic bone and frontal bone Zygomatic bone and temporal bone

Zygomatic bone and temporal bone

What is the anatomical name for the facial bones known as "cheekbones"? Nasal bones Lacrimal bones Zygomatic bones Maxillary bones

Zygomatic bones - The zygomatic bones are known as the cheekbones. Together, the zygomatic bone and the temporal bone form the zygomatic arch. This region is the bony foundation of the facial prominence known as the cheek.

What part of scapula articulates with the clavicle? acromion glenoid cavity coracoid process infraspinous fossa

acromion

The rounded end of a bone that is used for articulation is called a __________.

condyle (Examples include the occipital condyles, which allow the skull to articulate with the atlas, and the condyles of the femur, which allow it to articulate with the tibia)

The roof of the nasal cavity and the superior portion of the nasal septum are formed by the __________.

ethmoid bone (The ethmoid bone also contributes to the orbits and forms the superior and middle nasal conchae.)

What part of the scapula articulates with the humerus? acromion supraspinous fossa coracoid process glenoid cavity

glenoid cavity

Which part of the coxal bone articulates with the sacrum? ilium ischium pubis both ischium and pubis

ilium

The __________ are located in the lateral walls of the nasal cavity. They are situated inferior to the middle nasal conchae of the ethmoid bone. inferior nasal conchae nasal bones palatine bones maxillae

inferior nasal conchae

The _________ process is a thick projection on the inferior side of the temporal bone that is filled with tiny sinuses called mastoid air cells.

mastoid

What part of the femur articulates with the tibia to form the knee joint? greater trochanter and lesser trochanter medial condyle and lateral condyle medial malleolus and lateral malleolus medial epicondyle and lateral epicondyle

medial condyle and lateral condyle

The soft, jelly-like substance inside intervertebral disks is called ________. dens anulus fibrosus centrum nucleus pulposus

nucleus pulposus The nucleus pulposus is a resilient shock absorber

The large hole in the coxal bone is the: ischial tuberosity. greater sciatic notch. obturator foramen. acetabulum

obturator foramen

Which of the following bones is NOT from the axial skeleton?

os coxa (The os coxa is part of the pelvic girdle and therefore part of the appendicular skeleton)

The two________ bones form the superior wall and part of the lateral wall of the cranial vault.

parietal

Which bone marking provides a site where bones articulate or to which ligaments and tendons attach?

projection

What part of the radius articulates with the humerus? radial styloid process radial head olecranon radial tuberosity

radial head

Which tarsal bones of the foot are proximally situated? - medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiform - scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform - cuboid and scaphoid - talus, calcaneus, navicular

talus, calcaneus, navicular

Foramens and canals are bone openings that allow nerves and blood vessels to travel _____________.

through a bone.

To what part of the tibia does the patellar ligament attach? medial condyle medial malleolus tibial tuberosity lateral condyle

tibial tuberosity