Chapter 7 - Axial and Appendicular
Identify the articulation site that allows us to rotate our head, e.g. shaking the head "no". Atlas - axis Occipital bone - atlas Occipital bone - axis Axis - C3
Atlas - axis Correct. The prominent projection known as dens on the axis forms a pivot joint with the atlas, allowing the atlas to rotate around the axis. The axis is a very sensible name for C2 since it serves as a central axis for rotation of the atlas.
Identify the general location of the zygomatic arch. Lower jaw Bridge of the nose Orbit Cheek
Cheek
Which of the following locations is not formed by part of the maxillae? Upper jaw Nasal septum Hard palate Orbit
Nasal septum
Identify the area of the occipital bone that articulates with the vertebral column. External occipital protuberances Foramen magnum Mastoid processes Occipital condyles
Occipital condyles
The nasal septum occupies which anatomic plane? Frontal Transverse Sagittal Oblique
Sagittal
Identify the suture found between the 2 parietal bones. Coronal suture Sagittal suture Lamdoidal suture Squamosal suture
Sagittal suture Correct. The parietal bones meet at midline on the top of the skull, forming the sagittal suture which runs along the midsagittal plane.
Identify the region of the temporal bone that forms part of the zygomatic arch. Zygomatic process Styloid process Mastoid process Temporal process
Zygomatic process
Place the classes of vertebrae in order as they are situated in the vertebral column from superior to inferior. 1. cervical vertebrae 2. coccygeal vertebrae 3. lumbar vertebrae 4. sacral vertebrae 5. thoracic vertebrae 1, 3, 5, 2, 4 1, 3, 5, 4, 2 1, 5, 3, 4, 2 1, 5, 3, 2, 4
1, 5, 3, 4, 2
How many thoracic vertebrae are there in the vertebral column? 7 5 12 3-5
12 There are 12 thoracic vertebrae
How many vertebrae comprise the thoracic region of the spine? 12 7 5 1
12 Correct! Human beings have 12 total thoracic vertebrae. These vertebrae articulate with the ribs (humans have a total of 12 pairs of ribs).
How many phalangeal bones are in each hand? 7 12 19 14
14
How many bones make up the nasal septum? 4 1 2 3
2
From proximal to distal, what bones form the upper limb? 1. carpals 2. humerus 3. metacarpals 4. phalanges 5. ulna and radius 2, 5, 1, 3, 4 5, 2, 1, 3, 4 2, 5, 1, 4, 3 2, 5, 4, 3, 1
2, 5, 1, 3, 4
How many lumbar vertebrae exist in the vertebral column? 5 7 12 33
5
The sella turcica is best described as: An elevation A depression A projection A hole
A depression
Identify the best description of the mandibular condyle. A depression on the temporal bone A depression on the mandible A projection on the mandible A projection on the temporal bone
A projection on the mandible (The mandibular condyle is the projection on the mandible that helps form the temporomandibular joint.)
Identify the best description of the mandibular fossa. A shallow depression A slight elevation A projection An opening
A shallow depression (The term fossa refers to a landmark that has a concave surface.)
What is the name of the first cervical vertebra? Occipital condyles Atlas Superior articular process Axis
Atlas Correct. The atlas is essentially a ring of bone. Its structure is highly specialized to articulate with the skull.
What is the name of the second cervical vertebra? Atlas Vertebra prominens Axis Dens
Axis Correct. C2 is known as the axis. It has a bony projection called the odontoid process that articulates with C1. C1 can pivot around C2, allowing us to rotate our head/shake head "no".
Identify the part of the mandible that serves as a site of attachment for the temporalis muscle. Coronoid process Mandibular notch Mandibular condyle Coracoid process
Coronoid process
Identify the recessed area surrounding the crista galli. Cribriform plates Sella turcica Glenoid fossa Horizontal plate
Cribriform plates
Identify the landmark that serves as a site of attachment for the meninges. Vomer Perpendicular plate Crista galli Cribriform plate
Crista galli
Identify the articulation site for the head of a rib. Transverse costal facet Demi-facet Lamina Pedicle
Demi-facet Correct. The demi-facets are located on the lateral posterior regions of the bodies of the thoracic vertebral. Together, the superior demi-facet of one vertebra and the inferior demi-facet of the neighboring vertebra create a facet where the head of a rib articulates with the vertebral column.
Which of the following bones is not a facial bone? Zygomatic Ethmoid Maxillary Inferior nasal concha
Ethmoid
Identify the hole that marks the opening of the ear canal on the superficial surface of the skull. Styloid process External auditory meatus Mandibular fossa Internal auditory meatus
External auditory meatus
The ethmoid bone is a facial bone. False True
False.
Identify the location of the sphenoid bone. Anterior portion of the cranium Floor of the skull Lateral walls of the nasal cavity Face
Floor of the skull
Name the opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes. Hypoglossal canal Foramen ovale Foramen magnum Foramen spinosum
Foramen magnum
Which of the following foramen convey a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)? Foramen spinosum Foramen lacerum Optic foramen Foramen rotundum
Foramen rotundum
What part of the nasal cavity is formed by the nasal septum? - Forms the medial wall of the nasal cavity. - Forms the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. -Forms the roof of the nasal cavity. -Forms the floor of the nasal cavity.
Forms the medial wall of the nasal cavity.
Which of the following bones is unpaired? Temporal Frontal Parietal Zygomatic
Frontal Correct. There is only one frontal bone. It forms the anterior portion of the cranium (the forehead region).
Identify the location of the ethmoid bone. The superior portion of the skull The floor of the skull In between the orbits The lateral surface of the skull
In between the orbits
Where is the mandibular fossa located? Medial to the styloid process Posterior to the external auditory meatus Inferior to the mastoid process Inferior surface of the zygomatic process
Inferior surface of the zygomatic process (The mandibular fossa is located immediately anterior to the external auditory meatus, just inferior to the proximal part of the zygomatic process.)
Identify the small hole on the maxillary bone located below the orbit. Maxillary sinus Infraorbital foramen Inferior orbital fissure Palatine process
Infraorbital foramen
Identify the small facial bones found in the medial wall of the orbit. Inferior nasal concha Zygomatic Lacrimal Palatine
Lacrimal - The lacrimal bone along with the sphenoid, ethmoid, and frontal bones make up the medial wall of the orbit.
Which bone is NOT considered to be part of the cranium? Occipital bone Ethmoid bone Lacrimal bone Sphenoid bone
Lacrimal bone (Correct. The lacrimal bone is a tiny bone found in the medial portion of the orbit. It is a facial bone, not part of the cranium.)
Identify the large suture on the posterior surface of the skull at the border of the occipital bone. Squamous Lambdoid Sagittal Coronal
Lambdoid
Identify the region of the sphenoid bone that contains the optic canal. Cribriform plate Greater wings Lesser wings Sella turcica
Lesser Wings
Identify the skull bone that can move independent of head movement. Mandible Maxilla Zygomatic bone Nasal bone
Mandible
Which region of the mandible articulates with the cranium? Mandibular notch Mandibular fossa Coronoid process Mandibular condyle
Mandibular condyle
Identify the region of the mandible that forms part of the temporomandibular joint. Coronoid process Mandibular condyle Mandibular notch Mandibular fossa
Mandibular condyle (The mandibular condyle is a knoblike superior projection. It articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone to form the temporomandibular joint.)
Identify the region of the temporal bone that articulates with the lower jaw. Mandibular condyle Mastoid process Zygomatic arch Mandibular fossa
Mandibular fossa
Identify the region of the temporal bone that articulates with the mandible. Mandibular fossa Styloid process Mandibular notch Mandibular condyle
Mandibular fossa (The word fossa indicates that this landmark is a depression. The mandibular fossa of the temporal bone forms the socket in which the mandibular condyle of the mandible articulates, forming the temporomandibular joint.)
Name the U shaped border found between the mandibular condyle and the coronoid process. Mandibular angle Mandibular body Mandibular notch Mandibular symphysis
Mandibular notch
Which facial bones fuse to form the upper jaw? Nasal Lacrimal Zygomatic Maxillary
Maxillary - The fused maxillary bones are known as the maxilla, and form the upper jaw and part of the palate.
Which of the following facial bones contain a sinus? Maxillary Nasal Inferior nasal concha Zygomatic
Maxillary - The maxillary bones contain the maxillary sinuses. They are the largest sinuses, located laterally to the nasal cavity in the region of the cheek.
Which surface of the maxillary bones fuse together? Medial Inferior Lateral Superior
Medial
Which facial bones makeup the central portion of the bridge of the nose? Zygomatic Nasal Maxillary Lacrimal
Nasal - The 2 tombstone shaped nasal bones are found above the nasal cavity. They form a continuous bony bridge that connects the 2 sides of the face.
Which of the following bones do not contain a sinus? Nasal Sphenoid Frontal Maxillary
Nasal Correct. The sinuses found in the skull are collectively known as the paranasal sinuses because they encircle the nasal cavity. The nasal bones are small tombstone shaped bones that form the bridge of the nose and don't contain sinuses.
Identify the articulation site that allows us to nod our head "yes". Occipital bone - atlas Atlas - axis Occipital bone - axis Occipital bone - C
Occipital bone - atlas Occipital bone - atlas Correct. The padlike occipital condyles found on both sides of foramen magnum sit on top of the plate like superior articular processes of the atlas, forming the atlanto-occipital joint. The articular surfaces permit nodding of the head in a "yes" motion (flexion and extension).
Identify the occipital bone landmark that can not be palpated from the surface of the head. Mastoid process External occipital protuberance Occipital condyles Superior nuchal line
Occipital condyles
Identify the region of the skull that articulates with the atlas. Mastoid processes Foramen magnum Superior articular facets Occipital condyles
Occipital condyles Correct. The occipital condyles found on both sides of foramen magnum sit on top of the atlas, forming the atlanto-occipital joint.
Identify the posterior most region of the hard palate. Sphenoid Palatine bone Vomer Palatine process
Palatine bone
Which part of the maxillary bones form the roof of the mouth? Frontal processes Alveolar margins Palatine bones Palatine processes
Palatine processes
Identify the bone that articulates superiorly with the temporal bone. Sphenoid bone Parietal bone Frontal bone Occipital bone
Parietal bone
Identify the part of the ethmoid bone that contributes to the nasal septum. - Cribriform plate -Perpendicular plate -Superior nasal concha -Crista galli
Perpendicular plate
Which part of the ethmoid bone forms the nasal septum? Perpendicular plate Crista galli Vomer Cribriform plates
Perpendicular plate
Identify the location of the occipital bone. Posterior surface and base of the cranium Lateral surface of the cranium Anterior surface and base of the cranium Superior surface of the cranium
Posterior surface and base of the cranium
Identify the primary function of the ethmoidal sinuses. -Reduce the weight of the skull -Conduct air through the nasal cavity -Produce mucus -Convey blood vessels into the nasal cavity
Reduce the weight of the skull
Identify the region of the sphenoid bone in contact with the pituitary gland. Sella turcica Cribriform plate Lesser wings Greater wings
Sella turcica
Which cranial bone spans the width of the cranial floor? Sphenoid Ethmoid Temporal Occipital
Sphenoid Correct. The sphenoid bone is the large bat shaped bone that spans the floor of the skull.
The mandible is not responsible for: Structure of the chin Chewing food Structure of the palate Structure of the lower jaw
Structure of the palate
Identify the landmark on the temporal bone that is a pointy spine. Styloid process Temporal process Zygomatic process Mastoid process
Styloid process
Which region of the vertebral column is located superior to the thoracic region and which region is inferior to the thoracic region, respectively? Superiorly: cervical and inferiorly: lumbar Superiorly: lumbar and inferiorly: cervical Superiorly: lumbar and inferiorly: coccyx Superiorly: cervical and inferiorly: sacrum
Superiorly: cervical and inferiorly: lumbar
Which of the following thoracic vertebrae is the largest? T7 T12 T1 T5
T12 Correct. There are 12 thoracic vertebrae. The size of the individual vertebrae increase from the top of the column to the bottom, therefore the last thoracic vertebra, T12, would be the largest
Identify the cranial nerve that passes through the olfactory foramina. The optic nerve (CN II) The oculomotor nerve (CN III) The olfactory nerve (CN I) The abducens nerve (CN VI)
The olfactory nerve (CN I)
Identify the articulation site for a tubercle of a rib. Demi-facet Inferior articular facet Superior articular facet Transverse costal facet
Transverse costal facet Correct. The transverse costal facet is a slight depression found on the transverse process of a thoracic vertebra. It contacts the tubercle of a rib as the rib extends laterally.
The sphenoid bone contains a sinus. True False
True
Which bone forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum? Vomer Inferior nasal concha Ethmoid Nasal
Vomer
Identify the 2 bones that make up the zygomatic arch. Temporal bone and nasal bone Zygomatic bone and maxillary bone Zygomatic bone and frontal bone Zygomatic bone and temporal bone
Zygomatic bone and temporal bone
What is the anatomical name for the facial bones known as "cheekbones"? Nasal bones Lacrimal bones Zygomatic bones Maxillary bones
Zygomatic bones - The zygomatic bones are known as the cheekbones. Together, the zygomatic bone and the temporal bone form the zygomatic arch. This region is the bony foundation of the facial prominence known as the cheek.
What part of scapula articulates with the clavicle? acromion glenoid cavity coracoid process infraspinous fossa
acromion
The rounded end of a bone that is used for articulation is called a __________.
condyle (Examples include the occipital condyles, which allow the skull to articulate with the atlas, and the condyles of the femur, which allow it to articulate with the tibia)
The roof of the nasal cavity and the superior portion of the nasal septum are formed by the __________.
ethmoid bone (The ethmoid bone also contributes to the orbits and forms the superior and middle nasal conchae.)
What part of the scapula articulates with the humerus? acromion supraspinous fossa coracoid process glenoid cavity
glenoid cavity
Which part of the coxal bone articulates with the sacrum? ilium ischium pubis both ischium and pubis
ilium
The __________ are located in the lateral walls of the nasal cavity. They are situated inferior to the middle nasal conchae of the ethmoid bone. inferior nasal conchae nasal bones palatine bones maxillae
inferior nasal conchae
The _________ process is a thick projection on the inferior side of the temporal bone that is filled with tiny sinuses called mastoid air cells.
mastoid
What part of the femur articulates with the tibia to form the knee joint? greater trochanter and lesser trochanter medial condyle and lateral condyle medial malleolus and lateral malleolus medial epicondyle and lateral epicondyle
medial condyle and lateral condyle
The soft, jelly-like substance inside intervertebral disks is called ________. dens anulus fibrosus centrum nucleus pulposus
nucleus pulposus The nucleus pulposus is a resilient shock absorber
The large hole in the coxal bone is the: ischial tuberosity. greater sciatic notch. obturator foramen. acetabulum
obturator foramen
Which of the following bones is NOT from the axial skeleton?
os coxa (The os coxa is part of the pelvic girdle and therefore part of the appendicular skeleton)
The two________ bones form the superior wall and part of the lateral wall of the cranial vault.
parietal
Which bone marking provides a site where bones articulate or to which ligaments and tendons attach?
projection
What part of the radius articulates with the humerus? radial styloid process radial head olecranon radial tuberosity
radial head
Which tarsal bones of the foot are proximally situated? - medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiform - scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform - cuboid and scaphoid - talus, calcaneus, navicular
talus, calcaneus, navicular
Foramens and canals are bone openings that allow nerves and blood vessels to travel _____________.
through a bone.
To what part of the tibia does the patellar ligament attach? medial condyle medial malleolus tibial tuberosity lateral condyle
tibial tuberosity