Chapter 7: Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System SMARTBOOK
Which statements describe an osteon?
-It contains a central canal. -It is microscopic. -It is also called a Haversian system. -It runs parallel to the diaphysis of a long bone.
Which statements characterize canaliculi?
-Nutrients pass through them -they extend from lacunae to lacunae -they contain osteocyte cytoplasmic extensions
Calcium is required for ______.
-blood clotting -stimulation of the heart -initiation of muscle contraction
Which statements characterize the microscopic arrangement of spongy bone?
-it contains no osteons -it contains parallel lamellae
Choose the bones produced through intramembranous ossification.
-mandible -maxilla -flat bones of skull
Which statements characterize concentric lamellae of osteons?
-their numbers vary among osteons -they are rings of bone tissue -they contain collagen fibers
Choose the bones formed through endochondral ossification.
-vertebrae -lower limb bones -upper limb bones
Osteitis deformans is also called disease
Paget's
True or false: Bone growth begins during embryologic development.
True; bone growth and remodeling occur during embryologic development
What is the entire structure that is pictured here?
an osteon
a bone's growth in diameter is called ______ growth
appositional
Ossification refers to the formation and development of ______.
bone
The hormone that is produced in the thyroid gland and has the greatest effect on children's blood calcium levels is
calcitonin
Which hormone promotes calcium deposition in bone and inhibits osteoclast activity?
calcitonin
The two primary hormones that regulate blood calcium are ______.
calcitriol and parathyroid hormone
Tiny channels that connect lacunae to other lacunae in an osteon are called ______.
canaliculi
The cylindrical channel that lies in the center of the osteon is the ______.
central canal
The cells that produce most of the matrix of cartilage are called ______.
chondroblasts; chondrocytes are cells that maintain cartilage but they do not produce the matrix
Rings of bone connective tissue that surround the central canal of an osteon are called ______.
concentric lamellae
Osteoporosis is a disease of ______.
decreased bone mass
Bone remodeling begins during ______.
embryonic development
The bones of the upper and lower limbs are produced through ossification
endochondral
In this representation of bone tissue, name the structure labeled B.
endosteum
During bone development, the liver releases somatomedin in response to hormone
growth (somatotropin)
A central canal of an osteon is also called a ______ canal.
haversian
The function of parathyroid hormone is to ______.
increase blood calcium levels
A long bone's growth in length is called ______.
interstitial growth
The flat bones of the skull are formed through ______ ossification.
intramembranous
Which statements correctly describe compact bone?
it is solid and relatively dense; if forms the external walls of a long bone
Chondrocytes occupy small spaces called
lacunae
Osteocytes are ______.
mature bone cells
Another name for the calcification of bone is
mineralization
In this representation of bone tissue, name the structure labeled A.
osteoclast
The cell of bone labeled B is a(n)
osteoclast
Osteitis deformans is caused by increased ______ activity.
osteoclast and osteoblast
The bone cell labeled A is an ______.
osteocyte
Decreased bone mass can cause a disease called
osteoporosis
Calcitonin is produced by the cells in the thyroid gland
parafollicular (C)
The release of hormone increases blood calcium levels
parathyroid (PTH)
Anemia is a disease of low oxygen delivery to tissues. This is sometimes the result of a low number of ______.
red blood cells
Cancellous or trabecular bone is also called
spongy
This micrograph shows the microscopic arrangement of ______.
spongy bone
Bone formation requires ______.
vitamin D, calcium, phosphate
