Chapter 7

What is the periosteum?

- A tough sheath that covers the outer surface of the bone except for the areas covered by articular cartilage. (responsible for growth in bone width and for protecting bone from surrounding structures

The end of a long bone is covered with ______. - red bone marrow - adipose tissue - articular cartilage

- Articular cartilage

Mature cartilage ______ blood supply. - has a very rich - lacks a

- lacks a

Functions of the bone include____. - mineral storage - secretion of insulin - support - protection - blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)

- mineral storage - support - protection - blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)

Mature bone cells sitting in lacunae are called ______. - osteoblasts - osteoclast - osteocytes - osteoprogenitor cells

- osteocytes

Osteoblasts function to ______. - produce osteoid - break down bone matrix - destroy blood cells - synthesize new blood cells

- produce osteoid

Which statements characterize osteoclasts? - they are phagocytic - they secrete osteoid - they secrete bone matrix - they have ruffled borders

- they are phagocytic - they have ruffled borders

Compact bone makes up______of bone mass

80%

Acting as levers for movement is a function of ______.

Bones

Bone A (Femur) is classified as a______bone.

Long

How is the periosteum anchored to the bone?

by numerous collagen fibers called PERFORATING FIBERS (Sharpey's fibers), which run perpendicular to the diaphysis.

What is proximal epiphysis? Distal epiphysis?

end of the bone closest to the body trunk; end of the bone farthest from the trunk

Bone B, in the picture provided (vertebra), is classified as a(n) ______ bone. - flat - irregular - long - short

irregular bone

Based on shape, bones that have elaborate, complex shapes are classified as ______. - irregular bones - flat bones - long - short

- Irregular bones

Which statements characterize periosteum? - It functions to anchor blood vessels to the surface of bones. - It covers the outer surface of the diaphysis of a long bone. - It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue. - It is directly beneath articular cartilage.

- It functions to anchor blood vessels to the surface of bones. - It covers the outer surface of the diaphysis of a long bone. - It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue.

Which statements describe the matrix of bone? - It is composed of organic and inorganic substances. - It is composed of inorganic substances only. - It is composed of organic substances only. - It is harder than the matrix of cartilage.

- It is composed of organic and inorganic substances. - It is harder than the matrix of cartilage.

When osteoblasts become entrapped in the matrix they produce, they become cells called ______. osteocytes osteoid osteoclasts

- Osteocytes (When osteoblasts become entrapped in the matrix they produce, they become cells called ______. Multiple choice question. osteocytes osteoid Reason: Osteoid forms the matrix of bone. This question is looking for a cell. osteoclasts Reason: Osteoclasts are bone destroying cells. They are not derived from osteoblasts.)

What are the two layers of periosteum?

- Outer fibrous layer of dense irregular connective tissue which protects the bone from surrounding structures, anchors blood vessels and nerves to the surface of the bone, and serves as an attachment site for ligaments and tendons. - Inner cellular layer: includes osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. (bone growth)

A tough fibrous layer covering the outer surface of a long bone is called ______. - bone marrow - endosteum - periosteum - articular cartilage

- Periosteum

Which is a function of bone? - filtration of blood - nerve cell regeneration - storage of glycogen - protection of organs

- Protection of bones

Spongy bone is also called ______. - cancellous bone - dense bone - cortical bone - Trabecular bone

- cancellous bone - Trabecular bone

Which is an organic component of bone? - phosphate - calcium ions - salts - collagen fibers

- collagen fibers

Compact bone is also called____. - cancellous bone - dense bone - cortical bone - Trabecular bone

- dense bone - cortical bone

An incomplete layer of cells that lines the medullary cavity of a bone is called ______. - endosteum - epiosteum - periosteum - metosteum

- endosteum

Spongy bone is located ______ to compact bone. - superficial - internal

- internal

Based on shape, bones that have elaborate, complex shapes are classified as ______. - flat bones - irregular bones - long - short

- irregular bones

Which statements characterize endosteum? - it contains osteoblasts - it lines medullary cavities - it is active during bone repair - it covers the diaphysis of a bone

- it contains osteoblasts - it lines medullary cavities - it is active during bone repair

Which statements characterize the functions of cartilage? (May be more than one) - it covers the ends of long bones - it provides a model for the formation of bones - it is the site of blood cell formation - it secretes hormones related to bone formation

- it covers the ends of long bones - it provides a model for the formation of bones

Based on shape, bones that have a length about equal to their width are classified as____ bones.

Short EX) carpals/tarsals