Chapter 7 Diseases of the Blood
Approximately____ of African Americans have the sickle cell anemia trait
10%
_____ is a condition of an abnormally low number of red blood cells.
Anemia
What type of anemia is caused by the failure to produce adequate amounts of erythropoietin?
Anemia of renal disease
The underlying cause of impaired erythropoiesis in megaloblastic anemia is deficiency in vitamin _____and/or folic acid
B12
blood analysis provides qualitative information such as size, shape, and ratio of one
Differential
_____ intravascular coagulation is a potentially life-threatening condition that involves destruction of platelets.
Disseminated
_____ are large purplish patches on the skin caused by spontaneous hemorrhages.
Ecchymosis
___________or red blood cells, make up about half of the blood's volume.
Erythrocytes
Patients who have heterozygous sickle cell trait have the more severe form known as sickle cell anemia
False
The principal dietary sources of vitamin B12, include fruits and vegetables.
False
Unlike white blood cells, red blood cells have a nucleus.
False
Von Willebrand's disease is an inherited bleeding disorder that is most often diagnosed in children.
False
Platelets and _____ form a dense mesh at a wound, preventing blood loss.
Fibrin
is the iron-containing molecule found in red blood cells
Heme
Jaundice and enlargement of the spleen occurs with anemia caused by _____, or red blood cell death.
Hemolysis
26) __________is a reduction in circulating red blood cells that is caused by accelerated destruction of red blood cells
Hemolytic anemia
_____ hypereosinophilic syndrome occurs mainly in males between the ages of 20 and 50
Idiopathic
_____ factor is produced in the stomach and is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12from the small intestine.
Intrinsic
Vitamin is _______required for the synthesis of the prothrombin and thrombin clotting factors.
K
Vitamin______is a fat-soluble vitamin that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria.
K
_____, or white blood cells, include neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes.
Leukocytes
_____ is a reduction of circulating neutrophils, which increases the risk for certain infections.
Neutropenia
______is a frequent complication of cancer chemotherapy or medical immune suppression
Neutropenia
itamin B12deficiency anemia, or _____ anemia, is caused by inadequate absorption or intake of vitamin B12.
Pernicious
_____ are small, flat red spots visible on the skin caused by spontaneous hemorrhages.
Petechiae
_____ consists mostly of water, which carries nutrients, wastes, ions, hormones, clotting factors, albumin and antibodies.
Plasma
are produced in the bone marrow and are essential for blood clotting.
Platelets
_____ describes a condition in which red blood cell mass is increased.
Polycythemia
The surgical removal of the _____ is recommended in cases of inherited causes of hemolytic anemia.
Spleen
_____ is an inherited blood disorder in which there is deficient synthesis of one or more protein chains.
Thalassemia
__________can usually be corrected by treating the underlying cause
Thrombocytopenia
Eosinophilia-Myalgia syndrome has been related to ingestion of the dietary supplement L tryptophan
True
Erythropoeisis is regulated by the hormone erythropoietin
True
In iron-deficiency anemia, the red blood cells appear cigar-shaped or pencil-shaped.
True
In physical examinations, the major sign of anemia is pallor
True
In relative polycythemia, the increase in red blood cell mass is due to a loss of plasma volume
True
Iron deficiency is the leading cause of anemia worldwide.
True
Mature red blood cells emerge from the bone marrow as reticulocytes
True
Of the various folic acid stores in the body, half of folic acid amounts are located in the liver
True
One of the treatments for DIC involves the administration of intravenous anticoagulants.
True
Patients with anemia of renal disease usually have normal serum iron.
True
Patients with chronic neutropenia may experience chronic infections
True
Patients with sickle cell disease suffer from hemolytic anemia
True
Red blood cells are the most abundant cells in the human body.
True
Red blood cells have a short lifespan of only 120 days True
True
Thalassemias are the most common genetic disorder in the world.
True
The diagnosis of ITP is based on the appearance of severe thrombocytopenia.
True
The etiology of anemia of chronic disease most often is a defect in erythropoesis
True
The prognosis for idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome is poor without treatment, with medium survival of approximately 1 year.
True
The symptoms of anemia are due to tissue hypoxia.
True
Thrombocytopenia makes the body vulnerable to prolonged bleeding.
True
The pathogenesis of DIC involves the release of thrombin into the systemic circulation
True 5
Hemophilia A is caused by a deficiency in clotting factor
VIII
Plasma contains the protein ,which promotes the blood's ability to hold water and maintain pressure inside the blood vessels.
albumin
The most severe forms of thalassemia produce severe, life-threatening
anemia
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic ____________purpura is an disease
autoimmune
Folic acid is synthesized by many different types of plants and
bacteria
In hemolytic anemia, the accumulation of ________causes a jaundiced or yellow-orange appearance in the tissues, urine, and feces.
bilirubin
Unlike other anemias, hemolytic anemia produces increased serum levels of
bilirubin
A _____is used to diagnose malignant blood disorders and increases or decreases in blood counts
bone marrow smear
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura most commonly occurs as an acute problem in ________following a viral infection.
children
Blood clotting, or _____, involves many different plasma proteins that form a blood clot.
coagulation
In DIC the depletion of platelets and clotting factors, also known as _____ coagulopathy, results in extensive bleeding.
consumptive
Treatment for polycythemia vera is aimed at
decreasing the thickness of the blood
The process of red blood cell formation is called _____.
erythropoeisis
In some case of anemia of chronic disease, therapy with the hormone _____be used.
erythropoietin
The______ stage in the development of iron-deficiency anemia is a negative iron balance, in which the demands for iron exceed the body's ability to absorb iron from the diet.
first
The most frequent cause of iron deficiency in men and postmenopausal women is
gastrointestinal bleeding
Hemoglobin is composed of a protein called _____ and an iron-containing molecule.
globin
In sickle cell disease, red blood cells contain an abnormal form of
hemoglobin
The _____ are disorders affecting the structure, function, or production of hemoglobin.
hemoglobinopathies
Treatment for sickle cell anemia is aimed at preventing sickle cell
hemolysis
Disorders of are______ commonly known as bleeding disorders.
hemostasis
Several components are essential for _____, or the arrest of bleeding.
hemostasis
Risk factors for ______anemia include excessive blood loss, menstruation, pregnancy, and rapid growth during adolescence
iron-deficiency
In sickle cell disease, tissue death caused by _______causes great pain and may lead to organ failure
ischemia
In some blood disorders, treatment with erythropoietin, a hormone secreted by the _____will be used.
kidneys
The primary function of __________is to defend tissues against infections and foreign substances.
leukocytes
Old red blood cells are removed from the body by the
liver and spleen
The_______ are caused by impaired DNA synthesis
megaloblastic anemias
Eosinophilia-_____ syndrome is a chronic, multisystem disease with a spectrum of clinical symptoms and a progressive and potentially fatal illness.
myalgia
With no ________red blood cells do not grow or repair themselves
nucleus
Polycythemia vera is most commonly seen in
older men
In sickle cell disease, crystals continue to form as _______released, and the red cells assume a sickled shape
oxygen
In the lungs, hemoglobin binds to oxygen, becoming
oxyhemoglobin
Hypereosinophilia can occur in response to a ______infection and is a normal immune response bacterial
parasitic
Symptoms _______of include abdominal distress, naus and vomiting, and burning of the tongue
pernicious anemia
Vegetarians who eat no animal products may develop
pernicious anemia
An abnormally small number of circulating _______is the condition of thrombocytopenia
platelets
In the many forms of von Willebrand's disease, there is a defect in the adhesion of _____.
platelets
Because of the increased concentration of blood cells in patients with ______a patient may experience itching and pain in their fingers and toes
polycythemia vera
The signs and symptoms of result _____from increased viscosity of the blood.
polycythemia vera
Coagulation factors VII, IX, X, and ______require the presence of vitamin K for normal activity
prothrombin
Hemophilia A is an X-linked
recessive disorder that primarily affects males
Mature red blood cells emerge from the bone marrow as
reticulocytes
The _____stage of iron-deficiency anemia occurs when the iron stores of the body become depleted
second
A common cause __________of is cancer chemotherapy or radiation treatment.
thrombocytopenia
A blood clot, or _____, prevents blood loss from damaged tissues, blood vessels, or organs.
thrombus
Absolute polycythemia is also known as polycythemia _____.
vera
It would take approximately three to six _______for a normal individual to become deficient in vitamin B 12 if absorption were to cease abruptly
years
