Chapter 7

catalyst

) A substance that causes or speeds up a chemical reaction when mixed with another substance but does not change itself.

. While having a discussion, Technician A says that you should always spray lacquer over the top of enamel.

. B only

. Help prevent bolts and nuts from loosening or they fit through pins to hold parts together.

. Cotter pins

The term refers to material made for filling small holes or sand scratches.

. glazing putty

tack cloth

A cheesecloth that has been treated with nondrying varnish to make it tacky. Used to pick up dust and lint from the surface to be painted.

epoxy

A class of resins characterized by good chemical resistance.

torque pattern

A crisscross pattern that clamps down all parts evenly to prevent warping; also called a tightening sequence. Recommended for wheels

prep solvent

A fast-drying solvent used to remove wax, oil, grease, and other debris that could ruin a paint job.

polishing compound

A fine grit compound applied with machines that makes paint shiny and smooth.

body filler

A heavy-bodied polyester plastic material that cures very hard and is used to fill small dents in metal.

primer-surfacer

A high-solids primer that fills small imperfections in the substrate and usually must be sanded.

glazing putty

A material for filling small surface imperfections that is applied over an undercoat of primer-sealer.

grit

A measure of size of particles on sandpaper or discs.

grit numbering system

A measurement of how coarse or fine an abrasive is.

basecoat/clearcoat

A paint system in which the color effect is given by a highly pigmented basecoat. Gloss and durability are given by a subsequent clearcoat. The basecoat can be either a solid color or metallic.

paint stripper

A powerful chemical that dissolves paint for fast removal.

anti-chip coating

A rubberized material put on a vehicle's lower panels and on the front edge of hoods and fenders; helps the finish to resist chips from rocks and other flying debris thrown up from the tires.

fiberglass mat

A series of irregularly distributed fiberglass strands that form a patch for the resin liquid.

fiberglass-reinforced body filler

A strong plastic filler with fiberglass in it that is used for rust repair.

fiberglass resin

A thick resin liquid used for plastic body repair. Must be mixed with its own type of hardener to cure.

primer

A type of paint applied to a surface to increase its compatibility with the topcoat or to improve the adhesion or corrosion resistance of the substrate.

enamel

A type of paint that dries in two stages: first, by evaporation of the solvent and then by oxidation of the binder.

masking liquid

A water- or solvent-based spray used to keep overspray off body parts; also called masking coating.

compounding

Action of using an abrasive material either by hand or machine to smooth and bring out gloss of the applied topcoat.

flex agent

An agent added to paint that allows primers and paints to flex or bend without cracking. Commonly used for plastic bumper covers; also called an elastomer.

fish-eye eliminator

An agent added to paint that helps smooth the paint when there are small craters or holes. Because it is oil-based, the paint flows over the tops of the craters or holes.

flattener

An agent added to paint to lower gloss or shine.

paint sealer

An innercoat between the topcoat and the primer or old finish that prevents bleeding.

sealers

An intercoat between the topcoat and the primer or old finish, giving better adhesion.

self-etching primer

An undercoat that contains acid; used to treat bare metal so that the primer will adhere properly.

filler

Any material used to fill (level) a damaged area.

cream hardeners

Body filler catalyst that must be proportionally mixed with filler or numerous problems may occur; used to cure body filler by making the filler heat up and harden.

metal conditioner

Chemical cleaner that removes rust and corrosion from bare metal and helps prevent further rusting.

curing

Chemical reaction in paint or other material that causes hardening.

corrosion

Chemical reaction of air, moisture, or corrosive materials on a metal surface; usually referred to as rusting, or oxidation.

rubbing compound

Coarsest type of hand compound; may leave scratch marks.

Involves the use of an abrasive paste material to smooth and bring out the gloss of the applied topcoat.

Compounding

flash

First stage of drying, where some of the solvents evaporate, which dulls the surface from an exceedingly high gloss to a normal gloss.

Which of the following statements is LEAST-Likely true?

Headlight aiming screws have a washer attached to them, which improves appearance and helps keep the trim from shifting

sandpaper

Heavy paper coated with abrasive grit.

paint binder

Ingredient in a paint that holds the pigment particles together.

masking materials

Items used to cover and protect body parts from paint overspray.

primer masking paper

Less expensive, porous masking paper used for masking off primer spray but not paint.

bolt grade markings

Lines or numbers on the top of the head of the bolt used to identify bolt hardness and strength.

fiberglass cloth

Made by weaving fiberglass strands into a stitched pattern.

pigments

Material in the form of fine powders used to impart color, opacity, and other effects to paint.

abrasive

Material such as sand, crushed steel grit, aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, or crushed slag, used for cleaning or surface roughening.

paint masking paper

Nonporous paper used for masking off paint spray.

bleeding

Original color showing through after a new topcoat has been applied; also called bleed-through.

colorcoat

Paint applied over the primecoat; also called the topcoat.

Is the ingredient in paint that holds the pigment particles together?

Paint binder

metallic paints

Paint colors that contain metallic flakes in addition to pigment.

. is a powerful chemical that dissolves paint for fast removal of an old finish.

Paint stripper

pearl paints

Paint with luster or shine (through the addition of mica or other reflective pigment particles) that changes color at different angles.

wheel masks

Plastic or cloth covers that fit over wheels and tires.

drying

Process of changing a coat of paint from a liquid to a solid state due to evaporation of the solvent, a chemical reaction of the binding medium, or a combination of these causes.

refinishing materials

Products used to repaint vehicles.

grinding discs

Round, very coarse abrasives used for preliminary removal of paint, plastic, and metal.

dry sandpaper

Sandpaper designed to be used without water, which will ruin the paper.

Are designed to make a leak-proof joint between body panels.

Seam sealers

retarder

Slow-evaporating thinner or reducer used to slow drying.

reducer

Solvent combination used to thin enamel.

adhesives

Special glues used to bond parts together.

masking paper

Special paper designed to cover panels and parts that will not be painted.

fasteners

The bolts, nuts, screws, clips, and adhesives that hold a vehicle together.

paint solvent

The liquid solution that reduces and thins the pigment and binder so the mixture can be sprayed.

paint

The visible topcoat of color.

fine line masking tape

Thin, smooth surface masking tape. When removed, will produce a straighter and smoother place where old and new paint meet.

torque specifications

Tightening values for a specific bolt or nut.

scuff pads

Tough synthetic pads used to clean and lightly scratch the surface of paints so that new paint will stick; useful for scuffing irregular surfaces.

light body filler

Used as a thin topcoat in final leveling, or can be spread thinly over large surfaces for easy sanding and fast repairs.

two-part putty

Used for faster curing, this material comes with its own hardener.

masking plastic

Used like paper to cover larger areas and to protect panels and parts from overspray.

masking tape

Used to hold masking paper to the areas to be covered, or it can be used by itself.

seam sealers

Used to make a leakproof joint between body panels. Needed when two panels overlap each other.

water-base paint

Water is used to carry the pigment in this type of paint, which dries through the evaporation of the water.

wet sandpaper

Works with water to flush away debris that might clog fine grits; used for final smoothing.

All of the following represent a nut type EXCEPT:

a fender nut

Which of the following statements is LEAST-Likely true?

a. A torque wrench should not be used to measure values when installing critical bolts and nuts.

. A (n) is any material, such as sand, crushed steel grit, aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, or crushed slag, used for cleaning, sanding, smoothing, or material removal.

abrasive

1. Which chemical is MOST-Likely used when you want to remove a part without damage?

adhesive release agent

Which term MOST-Likely describes a heavy-bodied plastic material that cures very hard for filling small dents in metal?

body filler

While having a discussion, Technician A says that you can accidentally interchange metric and English thread types. Technician B says that if the two are forced together, either the bolt or the part threads will be ruined. Who is correct?

c. Both A and B

is a two-part glue used to hold various parts together.

epoxy

. A is a chemical cleaner that removes rust and corrosion from bare metal and helps prevent further rusting.

metal conditioner

. A or wax and grease remover, is a fast drying solvent often used to chemically clean a vehicle.

prep solvent

is a slow-evaporating thinner or reducer used to retard, or slow, drying.

retarder

has acid in it to treat bare metal so that the primer will adhere properly.

self-etching primer

. All of the following represent a washer type EXCEPT:

threaded washer