Final ISYS Summer
In the Gane and Sarson model, a rectangle with rounded corners on a data flow diagram represents a:
Process
If an input from a source appears on a level-0 diagram, it must?
appear on the context diagram
During systems implementation and operation:
database and file definitions are prepared
A computer-based file containing employee information is represented on a data flow diagram as a:
datastore
A file folder containing orders is represented on a data flow diagram as a:
datastore
Potential topics that will determine if training will be useful include the following except for:
system documentation
The bringing together of all the programs that comprise a system for testing describes:
system testing
System inputs and outputs are produced at the end of?
systems analysis phase of the SDLC
A data flow to a data store means update.
True
Techniques used for modeling system logic include:
decision tables
Techniques used for modeling system logic include?
decision tables
a common mistake using highlighting includes:
overusing highlighting elements
Which of the following is a true statement regarding a data store?
A data store has a noun phrase label.
Ternary relationship
a simultaneous relationship among instances of three entity types
Commonly used methods for highlighting include:
all of the above
Commonly used methods for highlighting include?
all of the above
When designing a form or report, which of the following is a fundamental question?
all of the above
Which of the following are common methods for computer training?
all of the above
Which of the following is a guideline for designing forms and reports?
all of the above
Which of the following is a guideline for displaying text?
all of the above
Which of the following is a true statement regarding sources/sinks?
all of the above
The most complete acceptance testing will include:
alpha & beta testing, and system audit
An arrow on a data flow diagram represents a?
data flow (arrow)
Degree
the number of entity types that participate in a relationship
Sequence Diagram
A depiction of the interactions among objects during a certain period of time.
Coupling is the conservation of inputs and outputs to a data flow diagram process when that process is decomposed to a lower level.
False
Double-ended arrows are used to represent data flowing in both directions.
False
Which of the following is the standard method of gathering and displaying information on the internet?
Form interaction
Closed-ended questions
Questions in interviews that ask those responding to choose from among a set of specified responses
stress tests (break)
Tests performed during alpha testing that are designed to try and break the system are?
Mulitvalued Attribute
An attribute that may take on more than one value for each entity instance
Which of the following is NOT a process modeling deliverable?
An entity relationship diagram
International Institute of Business Analyst (IIBA) defines functional requirements as
"the product capabilities, or things that a product must do for its user"
non-functional requirements are defined by IIBA as:
"the quality attributes, design, implementation constraints, and external interfaces the product must have"
Interview report can be distribute when ready without going through interviewees review
- FALSE - never distribute someone's information without prior approval
- Which part of a use case is sometimes referred to as a "happy path"? - Why?
- Normal Course - because steps in normal course are performed when everything flows smoothly and there are no problems or issues that arise.
has only inputs.
29) A black hole is a process that: A) has only inputs. B) has only outputs. C) has not been exploded to show enough detail. D) has insufficient inputs to produce the associated processes. E) generates output directly to a sink.
Basic info of a use case include:
- Use Case name - ID - primary actor - short description - triggers
information-oriented functional requirements
- content the system must HAVE - suggest things that happen involving information or time triggers to collect or produce information.
Preconditions in Use Case
- define the state the system must be in before the use case commences - are taken care of in a different use case
What is essential use case?
- depict user-system interaction as abstract - technology-independent steps
How long does the post-JAD report need to complete?
1 or 2 weeks
data store.
10) A file folder containing orders would be represented on a data-flow diagram as a: A) process. B) source. C) data flow. D) data store. E) relationship.
data store.
11) A computer-based file containing employee information would be represented on a data-flow diagram as a(n): A) data flow. B) source. C) data store. D) process. E) action stub.
process.
12) The calculation of an employee's salary would be represented on a data-flow diagram as a(n): A) data flow. B) source. C) data store. D) process. E) action stub.
data flow.
13) Recording a customer's payment would be represented on a data-flow diagram as a(n): A) process. B) source. C) data flow. D) data store. E) action stub.
what is the return rate of email questionnaires?
30-50%
action stubs.
49) The part of a decision table that lists the actions that result for a given set of conditions is called: A) action stubs. B) condition stubs. C) rule section. D) execution stubs. E) processing stubs.
An entity relationship diagram*
5) Which of the following is NOT a process modeling deliverable? A) A context data-flow diagram B) Thorough descriptions of each DFD component C) DFDs of the current physical system D) An entity relationship diagram E) DFDs of the new logical system
what is the return rate of web-based questionnaires?
5-30%
Conceptual Data Model
A detailed model that shows the overall structure of organizational data while being independent of any database management system or other implementation considerations.
Level-n Diagram
A dfd that is the result of n nested decompositions of a series of subprocesses from a process on a level-0 diagram
Use-case diagram
A diagram that depicts the use cases and actors for a system.
Component Diagram
A diagram that shows the software components or modules and their dependencies.
Class diagram
A diagram that shows the static structure of an object-oriented model: the object classes, their internal structure, and the relationships in which they participate.
Design Strategy
A particular approach to developing an info system. Includes statements on the system's functionality, hardware and system software platform, and method for acquisition
Association
A relationship among object classes.
Unary (recursive) relationship
A relationship between the instances of one entity type
System inputs and outputs are produced at the end of the: A) systems analysis phase of the SDLC. B) systems design phase of the SDLC. C) systems planning and selection phase of the SDLC. D) systems implementation and operation phase of the SDLC. E) logic modeling stage.
A) systems analysis phase of the SDLC
Which of the following is a true statement regarding sources/sinks?
ALL OF THE ABOVE a. Sources/sinks are always outside the information system and define the boundaries of the system. b. Data must originate outside a system from one or more sources. c. The system must produce information to one or more sinks. d. All of the above.
One of the major differences between a JAD session and an interview is: Preparing for the session Selecting participants All JAD sessions are structured and must be carefully planned Writing up results and a report
All JAD sessions are structured and must be carefully planned
Which of the following is a guideline for displaying text
All of the above
Which of the following is most likely a source/sink for a manufacturing system?
All of the above
Which of the following functional requirements are required for providing smooth and easy navigation within a form?
All of the above (form)
When designing a form or report, which of the following is a fundamental question?
All of the above are fundamental questions
Which of the following is a guideline for designing forms and reports?
All of the above are guidelines for designing forms and reports
Which of the following is a guideline for displaying text?
All of the above are guidelines for displaying text
Which of the following is a true statement regarding sources/sinks?
All of the above are true statements
entity-relationship diagrams
All of the following are types of user documentation except?
Relationship
An association between the instances of one or more entity types that is of interest to the organization
Which of the following is not a process modeling deliverable?
An entity relationship diagram.
Object
An entity that has a well-defined role in the application domain and has state, behavior, and identity.
Associative entity
An entity type that associates the instances of one or more entity types and contains attributes that are peculiar to the relationship between those entity instances
Actor
An external entity that interacts with the systems (similar to an external entity in Data-Flow Diagram)
The primary actor in a use case is generally: The Champion The Project manager The Project Sponsor An external user of the system
An external user of the system
Multiplicity
An indication of how many objects participate in a given relationship.
Which of the following is a true statement?
An information system design based on a data orientation, rather than a process or logic orientation, should have a longer useful life
information center
An organizational unit whose mission is to support users in exploiting information technology best defines?
A formal method for designing and representing human-computer dialogues using box and line diagrams is referred to as: A) interface design. B) dialogue diagramming. C) conversation modeling. D) entity-relationship diagramming. E) logic modeling.
B) dialogue diagramming.
The guideline specifying that dialogues be simple for users to enter information and navigate between screens is: A) navigation. B) ease. C) shortcuts and sequence. D) reversal. E) feedback.
B) ease.
The use of small, simple images to allow a Web page to be displayed more quickly best describes: A) icons. B) lightweight graphics. C) cookie crumbs. D) MPEG files. E) template-based HTML.
B) lightweight graphics.
Using lists to break information into manageable pieces conforms to the SOS guideline of: A) shortcuts. B) organize. C) simplicity. D) show. E) sequence.
B) organize.
Human interface design is performed during: A) systems planning and selection. B) systems analysis. C) systems design. D) systems implementation and operation. E) requirements structuring.
C) systems design.
adaptive maintenance (change)
Changes made to a system to evolve its functionality to changing business needs or technologies is referred to as?
maintenance
Changes made to a system to fix or enhance its functionality best defines?
corrective maintenance
Changes made to a system to repair flaws in its design, coding, or implementation describes?
direct installation
Changing over from the old information system to a new one by turning off the old system as the new one is turned on best describes?
all of the above (support)
Common methods for automating support include?
Which of the following is not an advanced rule governing data flow diagramming?
Composite data flows on one level cannot be split into component data flows at the next level.
Application Software
Computer software designed to support organizational functions or processes
Which of the following is a technique for showing users where they are in a Web site by placing a series of "tabs" on a Web page that shows users where they are and where they have been?
Cookie crumbs
Each of the following is a true statement about highlighting EXCEPT: A) highlighting techniques can be used singularly or in combination, depending upon the level of emphasis desired by the designer. B) highlighting should be used conservatively. C) highlighting methods should be consistently selected and used based upon the level of importance of the emphasized information. D) highlighting should be used as frequently as possible to draw the user to or away from certain information and to group together related information. E) it is important to examine how a particular highlighting method appears on all possible output devices that could be used with the system.
D) highlighting should be used as frequently as possible to draw the user to or away from certain information and to group together related information.
Templates used to display and process common attributes of higher-level, more abstract items best describes: A) object-oriented templates. B) CGI scripts. C) Java. D) template-based HTML. E) template-based VRML.
D) template-based HTML.
If your DFD contains data flows that do not lead anywhere, then your DFD violates the _______________ guideline.
DFD completeness
When designing a form or report, which of the following is a fundamental question? A) Who will use the form or report? B) What is the purpose of the form or report? C) When is the form or report needed and used? D) Where does the form or report need to be delivered and used? E) All of the above are fundamental questions.
E) All of the above are fundamental questions.
Which of the following is a guideline for designing forms and reports? A) Design an easy navigation system B) Balance the layout C) Include meaningful information D) Use meaningful titles E) All of the above are guidelines for designing forms and reports.
E) All of the above are guidelines for designing forms and reports.
Which of the following are general guidelines for displaying tables and lists? A) All columns and rows should have meaningful labels. B) Place a blank line between every five rows in long columns. C) Use the same family of typefaces within and across displays and reports. D) Allow white space on printed reports for the user to write notes. E) All of the above are guidelines for displaying tables and lists.
E) All of the above are guidelines for displaying tables and lists.
perfective maintenance
Evolving the system to add new features or improve performance best describes?
Most existing systems are well documented which leads to document analysis being very valuable.
FALSE
an Interview session should only include interviewees from one organizational level at a time to efficiently structured the questions True/False Why?
FALSE! - people at different levels will have different viewpoints on the business areas. it is important to include both managers who oversee the processes and staff who actually perform the processes to gain both high- and low-lever perspectives: - also to minimize the number of interview sessions have to be organized
______________is a repetitive process of breaking the description or perspective of a system down into finer and finer detail.
Functional decomposition
___________________ is the process of discovering discrepancies between two or more sets of data flow diagrams or discrepancies within a single DFD.
Gap analysis
Icon
Graphical pictures that represent specific functions withing a system
Process Modeling
Graphically representing the processes that capture, manipulate, store, and distribute data between a system and its environment and among components within a system
Which of the following is not a true statement regarding paper versus electronic reports?
Impact printers can exactly replicate a screen report to paper
Training on the use of the system begins during the early stages of:
Implementation
Types of Deliverables
Information collected from users Existing documents and files Computer-based information Understanding of organizational components -Business objective -Information needs -Rules of data processing -Key events
Which of the following focuses on how information is provided to and captured from users
Interface and dialogue design
This kind of of requirements determination method can be very time consuming and generally involves a group of people with different perspectives and vested interests who, with the help of a facilitator, participate in special sessions to determine what it is the new system needs to do, etc.
Joint Application Development
which of the following is an example of a report
Mailing Labels
Which of the following is an example of a report?
Mailing labels
Which of the following is true regarding information system training?
Many organizations tend to under invest in computing skills training.
online, in hypertext format
Most user documentation is now delivered?
Which of the following is considered when diagramming?
NONE OF THE ABOVE a. the interactions occurring between sources and sinks b. how to provide sources and sinks direct access to stored data c. how to control or redesign a source or sink d. none of the above
Which of the following is the design specification section that provides a general overview of the characteristics of the target users, tasks, systems, and environmental factors in which the form or report will be used?
Narrative overview.
Which part of the design specification explains to those who will actually develop the final form why this form exists and how it will be used so that they can make the appropriate implementation decisions?
Narrative overview.
Which of the following would be considered when diagramming?
None of the above
which of the following would be considered when diagramming?
None of the above
Which of the following statements is true regarding normalization?
Normalization produces a set of well-structured relations that contain all of the data mentioned in system inputs and outputs developed in human interface design
Open-ended questions
Questions in interviews and on questionnaires that have no pre-specified answers.
Open-ended Questions
Questions in interviews and on questionnaires that have no prespecified answers
The interview process has gone well. There are a few things that need clarification and what really happens when specific financial analysts use the system. Which of the following might be the best way to verify what does happen? Additional interviews with top level managers in the finance area Observation of how the analysts do their work Document analysis of what the system was to do A JAD session with end users, financial analysts and top managers
Observation of how the analysts do their work
Which of the following statements is true regarding testing?
Once coding has begun, the testing process can begin and proceed in parallel.
When comparing Oracle's process models with data flow diagrams, which of the following is a true statement?
Oracle's process models can be animated with time parameters
When comparing Oracle's process models with data flow diagrams, which of the following is a true statement?
Oracle's process models can be animated with time parameters.
all of the above(potential)
Potential topics from which you must determine if training for system users will be useful include?
The lowest level of decomposition for a data-flow diagram is called the:
Primitive Diagram
What helps clarify the software components that will be needed to accomplish the functional requirements? Data model Process model use cases
Process model
Closed-ended questions
Questions in interviews that ask those responding to choose from among a set of specified responses.
Open-ended questions
Questions in interviews that have no pre-specified answer
Open-ended questions
Questions in interviews that have no prespecified answers.
Which of the following best describes a business document that contains only predefined data?
Report
Behavior
Represents how an object acts and reacts
Which of the following is not a rule for structuring data entry fields?
Require users to specify the dimensional units of a particular value.
Which of the following is not a general guidelines for displaying tables and lists?
Right-justify textual data, and use a short line length
Directly Observing Users
Serves as a good method to supplement interviews Often difficult to obtain unbiased data -People often work differently when being observed
Event
Something that takes place at a certain point in time; it is a noteworthy occurrence that triggers a state transition.
_______ is the origin and/or destination of data.
Source/sink
external documentaton
System documentation that includes the outcome of such structured diagramming techniques as data flow and entity relation diagrams best defines?
internal documentation
System documentation that is part of the program source code or is generated at compile time best defines?
Disruptive Technologies
Technologies that enable the breaking of long-held business rules that inhibit organizations from making radical business changes
system testing
The bringing together of all the programs that comprise a system for testing describes?
State Transition
The changes in the attributes of an object or in the links an object has with other objects.
Information Systems analysis and design
The complex organizational process whereby computer based information systems are developed and maintained
the code, program documentation, test scenarios and test data, results of program and system testing, user guides, user training plan, and an installation and conversion plan.
The deliverables from the coding, testing, and installation processes include?
maintainability
The ease with which software can be understood, corrected, adapted, and enhanced best describes?
alpha testing, beta testing, and a system audit
The most complete acceptance testing will include?
Formal System
The official way a system works as described in organizational documentation.
Formal system
The official way a system works as described in organizational documentation.
Formal system
The official way a system works, as described in organizational documentation.
installation
The organizational process of changing over from the current information system to a new one best defines?
Business Process Reengineering (BPR)
The search for, and implementation of radical change in business processes to achieve breakthrough improvements in products and services.
Business process reengineering (BPR)
The search for, and implementation of, radical change in business processes to achieve breakthrough improvements in products and services.
Business Process Reengineering (BPR)
The search for, and implementation of, radical change in business processes to achieve breakthrough improvements in products and services
Installation plan
This plan lays out a strategy for moving from the old system to the new, from the beginning to end of the process?
Acceptance sign-off
This type of user documentation allows users to test for proper system installation and then signify their acceptance of the new system with their signatures.
Release description
This type of user documentation contains information about a new system release, including a list of complete documentation for the new release, features and enhancements, known problems and how they have been dealt with in the new release, and information about installation.
A process has a verb phrase label.
True
During requirement determination, the to-be system concept is easy to change
True because little work has been done yet
beta testing
User testing of a completed information system using real data in the real user environment refers to?
all of the above (information)
Which of the following are activities that the information center staff might perform?
all of the above(training)
Which of the following are common methods of computer training/
All of the above
Which of the following are testing managers responsible for?
Reference guide
Which of the following consists of an exhaustive list of the system's functions and commands, usually in alphabetical order?
Number or latent defects?
Which of the following influeneces most of the costs associated with maintaining a system?
data flow diagrams
Which of the following is a type of system documentation?
This type of user documentation allows users to test for proper system installation and then signify their acceptance of the new system and its documentation with their signatures.
acceptance sign-off
Designing usable forms and reports requires:
active interaction with end users
An __________ represents a data flow.
arrow
what is the most powerful approach used in Confirming the Use Case?
ask user to role-play
A named property or characteristic of an entity that is of interest to the organization defines:
attribute
Which of the following best describes a unique sequential number or random number assigned by the database management system (DBMS) whenever a new record is added to a table?
autonumber
On a data flow diagram, you may:
both a and b
An attribute (or combination of attributes) that uniquely identifies each instance of an entity type defines:
candidate key
The process whereby the physical design specifications created by the design team are turned into working computer code by the programming team is referred to as:
coding
If your DFD contains data flows that do not lead anywhere, it is not:
complete
The five guidelines for drawing DFDs include ____________________________________________________________________________.
completeness, consistency, timing considerations, the iterative nature of drawing DFDs, and drawing primitive DFDs.
The act of going from a single system to several component processes refers to:
decomposition
The act of going from a single system to several component processes refers to?
decomposition.
By placing a data store between two processes, this:
decouples the processes
What is the CRITICALLY IMPORTANT purpose of the requirements definition?
defining scope of the system
A component of a software package or application in which training and educational information is embedded best defines:
electronic performance support system
Which of the following si an example of a form?
electronic spreadsheet
The process in analysis in which the analyst tries to discover discrepancies between two or more sets of data flow diagrams, representing two or more states of an information system, or discrepancies within a single DFD, is referred to as?
gap analysis
The process of discovering discrepancies between two or more sets of data-flow diagrams or discrepancies within a single DFD is referred to as:
gap analysis
A DFD that is the result of three nested decompositions of a series of sub-processes from a process on a level-0 diagram describes a:
level 3 diagram
A ________________ is a data flow diagram that represents a system's major processes, data flows, and data stores at a high level of detail.
level-0 diagram
A data flow diagram that represents a system's major processes, data flows, and data stores at a high level of detail refers to a?
level-0 diagram
A data flow diagram that represents a system's major processes, data flows, and data stores at a high level of detail refers to:
level-0 diagram
A data-flow diagram that represents a system's major processes, data flows, and data stores at a high level of detail refers to a:
level-0 diagram
A DFD that is a result of three nested decompositions of a series of sub-processes from a process on a level-0 diagram defines a:
level-3 diagram
System documentation is intended primarily for:
maintenance programmers
Data flow diagrams allow you to
model how data flows through an information system.
What number of use cases signifies that a system is complex?
more than 8 or 9 -> group them into packages of related use cases
Which of the following is considered when diagramming?
none of the above
Graphically representing the functions, or processes, that capture, manipulate, store and distribute data between a system and its envioment and between components within a system refer to?
process modeling
Graphically representing the functions, or processes, which capture, manipulate, store, and distribute data between a system and its environment and between components within a system refers to:
process modeling
Graphically representing the processes that capture, manipulate, store, and distribute data between a system and its environment and among components within a system refers to:
process modeling
When designing interfaces and dialogues, you follow a:
prototyping approach
A diagram that depicts the interactions among objects during a certain period of time is a__________.
sequence diagram
Steps in use case
should be of the same size
what does problem analysis produce?
solutions to the problems
A square on a data flow diagram represents a?
source
A square on a data-flow diagram represents a sink or a:
source
A square on a data-flow diagram represents a:
source
Asking system users and business managers "How many instances of each object might exist?" would help determine:
the data entities and their descriptions
in the design phase, requirements reflect the perspective of _____________
the developer
Cardinality
the number of instances of entity B that can or must be associated with each instance of entity A
Entity
the person, place, object, event, or concept in the user environment about which the organization wishes to maintain data
Gap Analysis
the process of discovering discrepancies between two or more sets of data flow diagrams or discrepancies within a single DFD
During logical database design, the work of all systems development team members is coordinated and shared through:
the project dictionary
Which of the following properties should be satisfied when the identifier of the entity type becomes the primary key of the corresponding relation?
the value of the key must uniquely identify every row in the relation
document analysis
to understand as-is system
Written or other visual information about an application system, how it works, and how to use it best defines:
user documentation
Combining all normalized user views into one consolidated logical database model refers to:
view integration
Merging relations is also referred to as:
view integration
Having a level-1 diagram with no level-0 diagram is an example of a:
violation of consistency
Having a level-1 diagram with no level-0 diagram is an example of a?
violation of consistency
The type of testing responsible for determining what the code does is:
walkthrough
A relation that contains a minimum amount of redundancy and allows users to insert, modify, and delete the rows in a table without errors or inconsistencies is a(n):
well-structured relation
Which of the following focuses on how information is provided to and captured from users?
Interface and dialogue design
When GATHERING requirements, the most commonly used technique is: Document Analysis Questionnaires JAD Sessions Interviews
Interview
Prototyping can be useful for requirements determination in each of the following contexts except:
Prototypes can become idiosyncratic and difficult to fully develop
A useful technique that consists of building a rudimentary working version of an information system is called
Prototyping
Which of the following is a modified version of the English language that is useful for representing the logic in information system processes?
Pseudocode
Postconditions in Use Case
- final products, tangible results - the state the system must be in when the use case is complete - preconditions for the next Use Case in the series
What is a JAD facilitator need to be an expert in?
- group process techniques - systems analysis and design techniques
non-functional requirement describe variety of characteristics:
- operational - performance - security - cultural and political
What is a good strategy to increase understanding during an interview?
- periodically summarize the key points - be sure to separate facts from opinions
What does facilitator do in a JAD session?
- sets the meeting agenda - guides the discussion - DOES NOT join the discussion - remain neutral during the session
process-oriented functional requirements
- things the system must do - suggest a direct action resulting from and external or temporal event
Why technology-independent steps are use in essential use case?
- to not limit the options of how tasks should be done
3 steps involved in basic process of analysis
- understanding the existing system (as-is system) - identify improvements - define requirements for the new system (to-be system)
When are Fully Dressed Use Cases especially valuable?
- user representatives are not closely engaged with the development team throughout the project - the application is complex and has high risk comprehensive test cases will be based on the user requirements - collaborating remote teams need a detailed, shared understanding of user requirements
When is bottom-up approach preferred?
- when analyst already has gathered a lot of information about issues and just needs to fill in some holes - when low-level staffs might feel threatened or unable to answer high-level questions
What are indications that the system needs ti be changed?
- when users create their own forms or add additional information to the existing ones - when users must access multiple reports to satisfy their information needs
Which of the following statements is true about intermittent users?
-Support mechanisms are a good way to provide training for intermittent users of a system. -Intermittent users are not interested in, nor would they profit from, typical user training methods. -Intermittent users must be provided "point of need support."
Sources to gather information from for an information system
-Users -Reports -Forms -Procedures
Which of the following are testing managers responsible for?
-developing testing plans -integrating testing and development activities in the life cycle -establishing testing standards
which of the following affect the implementation process?
-the work habits of an organization's members -the personal goals of an organization members -the beliefs of an organization's members
4 steps performed in sequence to create use cases
1) Identify the major use cases 2) Identify the major steps for each use case 3) Identify Elements within steps (by identifying triggers to each step) 4) Confirm the use case
What 3 key functions the JAD facilitator performs?
1) ensures that the group sticks to the agenda 2) help the group understand the technical terms and jargon that surround the system development process and the specific analysis technique used 3) record the group's input on a public display area (white board, flip chart, computer display)
source.
14) A supplier of auto parts to your company would be represented on a data-flow diagram as a: A) process. B) source. C) data flow. D) data store. E) relationship.
None of the above
15) Which of the following would be considered when diagramming? A) The interactions occurring between sources and sinks B) How to provide sources and sinks direct access to stored data C) How to control or redesign a source or sink D) What a source or sink does with information or how it operates E) None of the above
process.
16) The work or actions performed on data so that they are transformed, stored, or distributed defines: A) source. B) data store. C) data flow. D) process. E) action stub.
source.
17) The origin and/or destination of data, sometimes referred to as external entities defines: A) source. B) data store. C) data flow. D) process. E) predecessor.
data flow.
18) An arrow on a data-flow diagram represents a(n): A) data store. B) data flow. C) process. D) source. E) action sequence.
source.
19) A square on a data-flow diagram represents a: A) data flow. B) data store. C) process. D) predecessor. E) source.
process models.
2) Since data-flow diagrams concentrate on the movement of data between processes, these diagrams are often referred to as: A) process models. B) data models. C) flow models. D) flow charts. E) logic models.
process.
20) On a data-flow diagram, a rectangle with rounded corners represents a(n): A) data store. B) process. C) action stub. D) data flow. E) source.
data store.
21) On a data-flow diagram, a rectangle with the right vertical line missing represents a: A) data store. B) data flow. C) process. D) source. E) relationship.
All of the above are true statements.
22) Which of the following is a true statement regarding sources/sinks? A) Data must originate outside a system from one or more sources. B) The system must produce information to one or more sinks. C) Sources/sinks are always outside the information system and define the boundaries of the system. D) If any processing takes place inside the source/sink, we are not interested in it. E) All of the above are true statements.
All of the above
23) Which of the following is most likely a source/sink for a manufacturing system? A) A customer B) A supplier C) Another information system D) A bank E) All of the above
The process symbol is labeled "0."
24) Which of the following is true regarding the context diagram? A) The process symbol is labeled "0." B) The context diagram contains two processes. C) Data stores must be shown on the context diagram. D) The internal workings of the system are shown on the context diagram. E) The context diagram organizes the processes in a tree-like structure.
level-0 diagram.
25) A data-flow diagram that represents a system's major processes, data flows, and data stores at a high level of detail refers to a: A) context diagram. B) level-1 diagram. C) level-0 diagram. D) level-00 diagram. E) logic diagram.
be coupled to each other.
26) If two processes are connected by a data flow, they are said to: A) exhibit cohesion. B) share the same data. C) be coupled to each other. D) be strapped to each other. E) be intertwined.
decouples the processes.
27) By placing a data store between two processes, this: A) decouples the processes. B) enables store and forward capabilities. C) enhances the flow of data between the processes. D) structures the processes. E) disintegrates the processes.
has only outputs.
28) A miracle process is one that: A) has only inputs. B) has only outputs. C) cannot be exploded further. D) has insufficient inputs to produce the associated processes. E) is connected directly to a source.
process modeling.
3) Graphically representing the processes that capture, manipulate, store, and distribute data between a system and its environment and among components within a system refers to: A) data modeling. B) structure modeling. C) process modeling. D) transition modeling. E) logic modeling.
A data store has a noun phrase label.
30) Which of the following is a true statement regarding a data store? A) Data can move directly from one data store to another data store. B) Data stores illustrate relationships among entities. C) A data store has a noun phrase label. D) Data can move from an outside source to a data store. E) A data store shows data in motion.
A data flow can go directly back to the same process it leaves.
31) Which of the following is NOT a true statement regarding data flows? A) A data flow can go directly back to the same process it leaves. B) A fork in a data flow means that exactly the same data go from a common location to two or more different processes, data stores, or sources/sinks. C) A data flow from a data store means retrieve or use. D) A data flow has a noun phrase label. E) A data flow has only one direction of flow between symbols.
A join in a data flow means that exactly the same data come from any of two or more different processes, data stores, or sources/sinks to a common location.
32) Which of the following is a true statement regarding data flows? A) A data flow to a data store means retrieve or use. B) A data flow from a data store means update. C) A data flow may have double-ended arrows. D) A data flow represents data at rest. E) A join in a data flow means that exactly the same data come from any of two or more different processes, data stores, or sources/sinks to a common location.
repeat both data stores and sources/sinks.
33) On a data-flow diagram, you may: A) repeat data stores and processes. B) repeat sources/sinks and processes. C) only repeat processes. D) repeat relationships. E) repeat both data stores and sources/sinks.
decomposition.
34) The act of going from a single system to several component processes refers to: A) structuring. B) balancing. C) decomposition. D) formatting. E) regeneration.
primitive data-flow diagrams.
35) The lowest level of DFDs are: A) level-0 diagrams. B) context diagrams. C) level-1 diagrams. D) primitive data-flow diagrams. E) systematic diagrams.
level-3 diagram.
36) A DFD that is a result of three nested decompositions of a series of subprocesses from a process on a level-0 diagram describes a: A) level-3 diagram. B) level-1 diagram. C) level-2 diagram. D) primitive diagram. E) context diagram.
balancing.
37) The conservation of inputs and outputs to a data-flow diagram process when that process is decomposed to a lower level defines: A) decomposition. B) balancing. C) flow conservation. D) data flow structuring. E) gap proofing.
balancing.
38) If a data flow appears on the context diagram and is also represented on a level-0 diagram, this would be referred to as: A) leveling. B) flow conservation. C) balancing. D) cohesion. E) coupling.
appear on the context diagram.
39) If an input from a source appears on a level-0 diagram, it must: A) appear on the context diagram. B) be connected to a data flow. C) be connected to a sink. D) be connected to a data store. E) be connected to two entities.
What information does the Summary section of a Use Case provide?
4 columns - inputs (1) and their sources (2) - outputs (3) and their destinations (4)
context diagram.
4) The diagram that shows the scope of the system, indicating what elements are inside and outside the system, is called a: A) context diagram. B) level-2 diagram. C) referencing diagram. D) representative diagram. E) decomposition diagram.
complete.
40) If your DFD contains data flows that do not lead anywhere, it is not: A) gap proof. B) a primitive diagram. C) complete. D) consistent. E) balanced.
DFD completeness.
41) The extent to which all necessary components of a data-flow diagram have been included and fully described defines: A) DFD consistency. B) DFD completeness. C) DFD gap proofing. D) DFD flexibility. E) DFD cohesion.
violation of consistency.
42) Having a level-1 diagram with no level-0 diagram is an example of a: A) violation of completeness. B) violation of consistency. C) balancing error. D) structuring violation. E) cohesion error.
DFD consistency.
43) The extent to which information contained on one level of a set of nested data-flow diagrams is also included on other levels refers to: A) DFD consistency. B) DFD completeness. C) DFD gap proofing. D) DFD flexibility. E) DFD cohesion.
primitive data-flow diagrams.
44) When you believe that you have shown each business form or transaction, computer screen, and report as a single data flow, you have probably reached the: A) level-0 diagrams. B) ternary level diagrams. C) primitive data-flow diagrams. D) secondary-level diagrams. E) context level diagrams.
primitive diagram.
45) The lowest level of decomposition for a data-flow diagram is called the: A) context diagram. B) level-0 diagram. C) level-1 diagram. D) primitive diagram. E) cohesive diagram.
gap analysis.
46) The process of discovering discrepancies between two or more sets of data-flow diagrams or discrepancies within a single DFD is referred to as: A) requirements structuring. B) logic modeling. C) DFD validation. D) gap analysis. E) DFD stress testing.
decision tables.
47) Techniques used for modeling system logic include: A) flow charts. B) decision tables. C) data-flow diagrams. D) dialogue charts. E) entity relationship diagrams.
Interview report should be written within:
48 hours
rules.
48) The part of a decision table that links conditions to actions is the section that contains the: A) action statements. B) rules. C) condition statements. D) decision stubs. E) relationship stubs.
A JAD session can reduce scope creep by ___.
50%
e-JAD can reduce the time required to run JAD sessions by
50-80%
source.
6) Data contained on a customer order form would be represented on a data-flow diagram as a: A) process. B) data flow. C) source. D) sink. E) relationship.
source.
7) Student data contained on an enrollment form would be represented on a data-flow diagram as a: A) process. B) data flow. C) source. D) data store. E) relationship.
data flow.
8) Data in motion, moving from one place in a system to another, best describes a: A) data store. B) process. C) source. D) data flow. E) relationship.
data store.
9) Data at rest, which may take the form of many different physical representations, best describes a: A) source. B) data store. C) data flow. D) process. E) relationship.
Natural language interaction method is based on research in ________. A artificial intelligence B data mining C big data D visualization
A artificial intelligence
Identifier
A candidate key that has been selected as the unique identifying characteristic for an entity type
Concrete Class
A class that can have direct instances.
Abstract Class
A class that has no direct instances but whose descendants may have direct instances.
Entity Type
A collection of entities that share common properties or characteristics
State
A condition that encompasses an object's properties (attributes and relationships) and the values those properties have.
Which of the following is NOT a true statement regarding data flows?
A data flow can go directly back to the same process it leaves.
Which of the following is not a true statement regarding data flows?
A data flow can go directly back to the same process it leaves.
Context Diagram
A data flow diagram of the scope of an organizational system that shows the system boundaries, external entities that interact with the system, and the major information flows between the entities and the system
Level-0 Diagram
A data flow diagram that represents a system's major processes, data flows, and data stores at a high level of detail.
Which of the following is a true statement regarding a data store?
A data store has a noun phrase label
Nominal Group Technique (NGT)
A facilitated process that supports idea generation by groups. At the beginning of the process, group members work alone to generate ideas, which are then pooled under the guidance of a trained facilitator.
Dialogue Diagramming
A formal method for designing and representing human-computer dialogues using box and line diagrams
Operation
A function or a service that is provided by all the instances of a class
Object Diagram
A graph of instances that are compatible with a given class diagram.
DFD
A graphic that illustrates movement of data between external entities and the processes and data stores within a system.
Entity Relationship Diagram
A graphical representation of the entities, associations, and data for an organization or business area; it is a model of entities, the associations among those entities, and the attributes of both the entities and their associations.
Form Iinteration
A highly intuitive human-computer interaction method whereby data fields are formatted in a manner to paper-based forms
Menu Interaction
A human-computer interaction method in which a list of system options is provided and a specific command is invoked by the user selection of a menu option
Object-based Interaction
A human-computer interaction method in which symbols are used to represent commands or functions
Natural Language Interaction
A human-computer interaction method whereby inputs to and outputs from a computer-based application are in a conventional spoken language such as English
Which of the following is a true statement regarding data flows?
A join in a data flow means that exactly the same data come from any of two or more different processes, data stores, or sources/sinks to a common location.
Which of the following is a true statement regarding data flows?
A join in a data flow means that exactly the same data comes from any of two or more different processes, data stores, or sources/sinks to a common location.
Which of the following is a true statement regarding data flows?
A join in a data flow means that exactly the same data comes from any of two or more different processes, data sotes, or sources/sinks to a common location.
Which of the following is a true statement regarding data flows?
A join in a data flow means that exactly the same data comes from any of two or more different processes, data stores, or sources/sinks to a common location.
mean time between failures
A measurement of error occurrences that can be tracked over time to indicate the quality of a system best describes?
Pop-up Menu
A menu-positioning method that places a menu near the current cursor position
Drop-down Menu
A menu-positioning method that places the access point of the menu near the top line of the display; when accessed, menus open by dropping down onto the display
Simple Message
A message that transfers control from the sender to the recipient without describing the details of communication.
Interface
A method by which users interact with an information system
Attribute
A named property or characteristic of an entity that is of interest to the organization
Unified Modeling Language (UML)
A notation that allows the modeler to specify, visualize, and construct the artifacts of software systems, as well as business models.
Aggregation
A part-of relationship between a component object and an aggregate object.
Use Case
A sequence of related actions initiated by an actor; it represents a specific way to use the system.
Object Class
A set of objects that shares a common structure and a common behavior
System development methodology
A standard process followed in an organization to conduct all the steps necessary to analyze, design, implement, and maintain information systems
training plan
A strategy for training users so they can quickly learn the new system is a?
Joint Application Design (JAD)
A structured process in which users, managers, and analysts work together for several days in a series of intensive meetings to specify or review system requirements
Joint Application Design (JAD)
A structured process in which users, managers, and analysts work together for several days in a series of intensive meetings to specify or review system requirements.
Joint Application Design (JAD)
A structured process in which users, managers, and analysts work together for several days in a series of meetings to clarify or review requirements.
stub testing
A technique used in testing modules, especially where modules are written and tested in a top-down fashion, where a few lines of code are used to substitute for subordinate modules describes?
inspections
A testing technique in which participants examine program code for predictable language-specific errors defines?
desk checking
A testing technique in which the program code is sequentially executed manually by the reviewer is referred to as?
Synchronous Message
A type of message in which the caller has to wait for the receiving object to finish executing the called operation before it can resume execution itself.
Which of the following is a technique for showing users where they are in a Web site by placing a series of "tabs" on a Web page that shows users where they are and where they have been? A) Cookie crumbs B) Site markers C) Data markers D) Site locators E) Site maps
A) Cookie crumbs
Which of the following functional capabilities are required for providing smooth and easy navigation within a form? A) Cursor-control capabilities B) Editing capabilities C) Exit capabilities D) Help capabilities E) All of the above
A) Cursor-control capabilities
Which of the following is an example of a report? A) Mailing labels B) Computer sign-on screen C) Electronic spreadsheet D) Automated teller machine transaction layout E) Class registration sheet
A) Mailing labels
Making sure that all data and entry fields are clearly labeled corresponds to the following form and report guideline: A) balance the layout. B) design an easy navigation system. C) use meaningful titles. D) include meaningful information. E) none of the above.
A) balance the layout.
The guideline specifying that dialogues be logically grouped and have a beginning, middle, and end is: A) closure. B) shortcuts and sequence. C) consistency. D) control. E) feedback.
A) closure.
The ability to provide field-level help is often referred to as: A) context-sensitive help. B) screen-level help. C) systems-level help. D) application-level help. E) user-level help.
A) context-sensitive help.
The way a user can move from one display to another best describes: A) dialogue sequence. B) transition plan. C) menu-driven interface. D) screen sequence. E) computer interface.
A) dialogue sequence.
The technique where users must confirm their intention twice before being allowed to proceed is called: A) double-confirmation. B) double-checking. C) replacement confirmation. D) validity confirmation. E) feedback confirmation
A) double-confirmation.
Form and report design: A) generally follows a prototyping approach. B) generally follows a structured methodology. C) generally follows a structured design approach. D) generally follows a structured analysis approach. E) uses Structured English to prepare the design specifications
A) generally follows a prototyping approach.
When designing interfaces and dialogues, you follow a: A) prototyping approach. B) structured methodology approach. C) structured design approach. D) structured analysis approach. E) Structured English approach.
A) prototyping approach.
Commonly used methods for highlighting include each of the following EXCEPT: A) reverse video. B) boxing. C) spacing. D) underlining. E) all capital letters.
A) reverse video.
"Please wait while I open the file" is an example of: A) status information. B) a remark. C) a warning message. D) a prompting cue. E) a class or composition validation test.
A) status information.
Reversing the sequence of one or more characters in a field is called: A) transposing. B) transcripting. C) appending. D) truncating. E) hashing.
A) transposing.
Each of the following is a guideline for displaying text EXCEPT: A) use abbreviations and acronyms instead of full text. B) do not hyphenate words between lines. C) left-justify text and leave a ragged right margin. D) display text in mixed upper-and lowercase and use conventional punctuation. E) use double spacing if space permits
A) use abbreviations and acronyms instead of full text.
Which of the following is not a process modeling deliverable?
An entity relationship diagram
Prototyping
An iterative process in which requirements are converted to a working system that is continually revised through organized user collaboration.
Prototyping
An iterative process of systems development in which requirements are converted to a working system that is continually revised through close collaboration between an analyst and user.
Prototyping
An iterative process of systems development in which requirements are converted to a working system that is continually revised through close collaboration between an analyst and users.
systems analysis
An overall test plan is developed during?
Which of the following is an example of a form?
Automated teller machine transaction layout.
In ________ method, users enter explicit statements into a system to invoke operations. A a menu-driven B a command language interaction C an object-oriented D a graphical user interaction
B a command language interaction
Which of the following is the standard method of gathering and displaying information on the Internet? A) Dialogue interaction B) Form interaction C) Report interaction D) Menu selection E) VRML interaction
B) Form interaction
Which of the following is NOT a true statement regarding paper versus electronic reports? A) Ink-jet printers and laser printers produce reports that look identical to the display screen. B) Impact printers can exactly replicate a screen report to paper. C) Impact printers are very fast, very reliable, and relatively inexpensive. D) Impact printers are mainly used for producing large batches of reports. E) When designing forms and reports for use with impact printers, you may be limited in the range of formatting, text types, and highlighting options
B) Impact printers can exactly replicate a screen report to paper.
Which of the following is the design specification section that provides a general overview of the characteristics of the target users, tasks, systems, and environmental factors in which the form or report will be used? A) System description B) Narrative overview C) Sample design D) Testing and usability assessment E) Project overview
B) Narrative overview
Which part of the design specification explains to those who will actually develop the final form why this form exists and how it will be used so that they can make the appropriate implementation decisions? A) System description B) Narrative overview C) Sample design D) Testing and usability assessment E) Project overview
B) Narrative overview
Testing to assure that data conforms to a standard format is the purpose of the: A) missing data validation test. B) pictures templates validation test. C) reasonableness validation test. D) size validation test. E) self-checking digits validation test
B) pictures templates validation test.
Entering invalid data into a field describes: A) transposing. B) transcripting. C) appending. D) truncating. E) hashing.
B) transcripting
The conservation of inputs and outputs is called:
Balancing
______________ is the conservation of inputs and outputs to a data flow diagram process when that process is decomposed to a lower level.
Balancing
User support
Based on a research study cited in the test, which of the following is the number one criterion that contributes to user satisfaction with personal computing
On a data flow diagram, you may:
Both A & B a. repeat data stores b. repeat sources/sinks
Which of the following is NOT a rule for structuring data entry fields? A) Never require data that is already online or that can be computed. B) Always provide default values when appropriate. C) Data entries should not be justified. D) Always place a caption adjacent to fields. E) Provide context-sensitive help when appropriate.
C) Data entries should not be justified.
Which of the following is NOT a rule for structuring data entry fields? A) Never require the user to enter information that is already available within the system. B) Users should not be required to enter information that can be easily computed by the system. C) Require users to specify the dimensional units of a particular value. D) All data entered onto a screen should automatically justify in a standard format. E) Always place a caption adjacent to fields.
C) Require users to specify the dimensional units of a particular value.
Designing usable forms and reports requires: A) prototyping. B) data modeling. C) active interaction with end users. D) process modeling. E) using structured analysis.
C) active interaction with end users.
Testing to assure that data is of proper type is the purpose of the: A) expected values validation test. B) range validation test. C) class or composition validation test. D) values validation test. E) self-checking digits validation test.
C) class or composition validation test.
The sequence of interaction between a user and a system best describes a(n): A) interface. B) discussion. C) dialogue. D) session. E) listing.
C) dialogue.
Movement to another screen corresponds to the functional requirement of: A) cursor-control capabilities. B) editing capabilities. C) exit capabilities. D) help capabilities. E) formatting capabilities.
C) exit capabilities.
When designing the navigation procedures within your system, the primary concerns are: A) the design of between-field navigation and the ability to provide feedback. B) grouping data fields into logical categories and assigning group labels. C) flexibility and consistency. D) formatting and meaningful labels. E) spacing and color differences.
C) flexibility and consistency.
A business document that contains some predefined data and may include some areas where additional data are to be filled in best describes a: A) written procedure. B) turn-around document. C) form. D) report. E) coupon.
C) form.
Which is NOT a purpose of the requirements definition? A more precise list of requirements that can be used as inputs to the rest of analysis Create cost/benefit analysis To give a very high-level explanation of the business requirements Create functional requirements
Create cost/benefit analysis (this is in planning phase)
Which of the following is an example of a form? A) Invoice B) Pie chart C) Mailing labels D) An electronic spreadsheet E) Weekly sales summaries by region and salesperson
D) An electronic spreadsheet
Which of the following is a method for representing human-computer dialogues? A) Logic modeling B) Sequence modeling C) Process modeling D) Dialogue diagramming E) Transition diagramming
D) Dialogue diagramming
Which of the following best describes a business document that contains only predefined data? A) Electronic spreadsheet B) Turn-around document C) Form D) Report E) Coupon
D) Report
Which of the following is NOT a general guideline for displaying tables and lists? A) Labels should be separated from other information by using highlighting. B) Avoid overly fancy fonts. C) Columns should have at least two spaces between them. D) Right-justify textual data, and use a short line length. E) Similar information displayed in multiple columns should be sorted vertically.
D) Right-justify textual data, and use a short line length.
The major deliverables associated with the human interface design stage are: A) process models. B) the Baseline Project Plan and structure charts. C) logic models. D) design specifications. E) program specifications
D) design specifications.
Providing a current date that identifies when the form or report was generated corresponds to the form and report guideline of: A) balance the layout. B) design an easy navigation system. C) include meaningful information. D) use meaningful titles. E) none of the above.
D) use meaningful titles
The extent to which all necessary components of a data flow diagram have been included and fully described defines?
DFD completeness
The extent to which all necessary components of a data flow diagram have been included and fully described refers to:
DFD completeness
The extent to which all necessary components of a data-flow diagram have been included and fully described defines:
DFD completeness
________________ is the extent to which all necessary components of a data flow diagram have been included and fully described.
DFD completeness
If a data flow appears on a higher level DFD but not on lower levels, this situation violates the _______________________________ guideline.
DFD consistency
The extent to which information contained on one level of a set of nested data flow diagrams is also included on other levels refers to:
DFD consistency
The extent to which information contained on one level of a set of nested data flow diagrams is also included on other levels refers to?
DFD consistency
The extent to which information contained on one level of a set of nested data-flow diagrams is also included on other levels refers to:
DFD consistency
___________________ is the extent to which information contained on one level of a set of nested data flow diagrams is also included on other levels.
DFD consistency
Data Store
Data at rest, which may take the form of many different physical representations
Which of the following is not a rule for structuring data entry fields?
Data entries should not be justified
________________________________________________________________________________________are three types of process modeling.
Data flow diagramming, process modeler, and functional hierarchy modeling
In the Gane and Sarson model, a rectangle that is missing its right vertical sides on a data flow diagram represents a:
Data store
show the relationship among entities.
Data-flow diagrams allow you to: A) show the timing of data flows. B) model how data flow through an information system. C) demonstrate the sequencing of activities. D) show the relationship among entities. E) represent the internal structure and functionality of processes.
Which of the following is a guideline for displaying text? A) Use double spacing if space permits. B) Do not hyphenate words between lines. C) Left-justify text and leave a ragged right margin. D) Display text in mixed upper-and lowercase and use conventional punctuation. E) All of the above are guidelines for displaying text.
E) All of the above are guidelines for displaying text.
Which of the following is an example of a form? A) Invoice B) Pie chart C) Mailing labels D) Weekly sales summaries by region and salesperson E) Automated teller machine transaction layout
E) Automated teller machine transaction layout
Which of the following focuses on how information is provided to and captured from users? A) Structure chart B) Flow chart C) Entity-relationship diagram D) PERT diagram E) Interface and dialogue design
E) Interface and dialogue design
Commonly used methods for highlighting include: A) blinking and audible tones. B) color differences. C) intensity differences. D) size differences. E) all of the above.
E) all of the above.
Each of the following are true statements EXCEPT: A) every output form or report is a data flow produced by a process on a data-flow diagram. B) forms have a stylized format and are usually not in simple rows and columns. C) a report is only for reading and often contains data about multiple unrelated records in a computer file. D) a form typically contains data from only one record. E) systems inputs and outputs are produced during the systems implementation and operation phase of the systems development life cycle.
E) systems inputs and outputs are produced during the systems implementation and operation phase of the systems development life cycle.
A data flow can go directly back to the same process it leaves.
False
A primitive level data flow diagram is the first deliverable produced during requirements structuring.
False
Assume Process 7.4 produces a data flow and that Process 7.2 must be ready to accept it; we would say that these processes are physically linked to each other.
False
Assume shipment data is entered into a logbook once shipments are received at the company's warehouse; the logbook is represented on a data flow diagram as a sink.
False
Context diagrams have only one process labeled "P-1."
False
DFD cohesion means your DFDs include all of the necessary components for the system you are modeling.
False
Logic modeling graphically represents the processes that capture, manipulate, store, and distribute data between a system and its environment and among components within a system.
False
On a data flow diagram, a check and payment coupon are represented as a data store.
False
On a data flow diagram, a diamond represents a process.
False
On a data flow diagram, an arrow represents an action, such as calculating an employee's pay.
False
One of the primary purposes of a DFD is to represent time, giving a good indication of whether data flows occur constantly in real time, once a day, or once a year.
False
Process modeling for Internet applications is not as important as it is for more traditional systems.
False
Sources and sinks are internal to the system.
False
Structured analysis is the process of discovering discrepancies between two or more sets of data flow diagrams or discrepancies within a single DFD.
False
The calculation of a student's grade is represented on a data flow diagram as a data flow.
False
The decomposition of Process 1.1 is shown on a level-1 diagram.
False
The lowest-level data flow diagrams are called level-0 diagrams.
False
To date, data flow diagrams have not been useful tools for modeling processes in business process reengineering.
False
To keep a data flow diagram uncluttered, you may repeat data stores, sinks/sources, and processes.
False
When constructing data flow diagrams, you should show the interactions that occur between sources and sinks.
False
A business document that contains some predefined data and may include some areas where additional data are to be filled in best describes a?
Form
Which of the following is the standard method of gathering and displaying information on the Internet?
Form interaction
Closed-ended questions
Questions in interviews and on questionnaires that ask those responding to choose from among a set of specified responses.
Close Ended Questions
Questions in interviews and on questionnaires that ask those responding to choose from among a set of specified responses.
Disruptive Technology
Technologies that enable the breaking of long-held business rules that inhibit organizations from making radical business changes
Disruptive Technologies
Technologies that enable the breaking of long-held business rules that inhibit organizations from making radical business changes.
Disruptive technologies
Technologies that enable the breaking of long-held business rules that inhibit organizations from making radical business changes.
unit testing
Testing each module alone in an attempt to discover any errors that may exist in the modules code is referred to as?
Association Role
The end of an association where it connects to a class.
DFD Completeness
The extent to which all necessary components of a data flow diagram have been included and fully described
DFD Consistency
The extent to which information contained on one level of a set of nested data flow diagrams is also included on other levels
Maintenance
The final phase of the SDLC in which an information system is systematically repaired and improved
Planning
The first phase of the SDLC in which an organization's total information system needs are identified, analyzed, prioritized, and arranged
Implementation
The fourth phase of the SDLC in which the information system is coded, tested, installed, and supported in the organization
Primitive DFD
The lowest level of decomposition for a data flow diagram
Systems Analyst
The organizational role most responsible for the analysis and design of information systems
Source/Sink
The origin and or destination of data, sometimes referred to as external entities
Logical Design
The part of the design phase of the SDLC in which all functional features of the system chosen for development in analysis are described independently of any computer platform
Physical Design
The part of the design phase of the SDLC in which the logical specifications of the system from logical design are transformed into technology-specific details from which all programming and system construction can be accomplished
system librarian
The person responsible for controlling the checking out and checking in of baseline modules for a system that is being developed or maintained is the?
Scribe
The person who makes detailed notes of the happenings at a JAD Session
Scribe
The person who makes detailed notes of the happenings at a JAD session
Scribe
The person who makes detailed notes of the happenings at a JAD session.
Scribe
The person who makes detailed notes of the happenings at a Joint Application Design session.
Scribe
The person who makes detailed notes of the happenings at a joint application design session.
Which of the following is not associated with logical and physical database design?
The preparation of a final conceptual model and the implementation of the database
integration testing
The process of bringing together all of the modules that compose a program for testing purposes is referred to as?
Which of the following is true regarding the context diagram?
The process symbol is labeled "0"
Which of the following is true regarding the context diagram?
The process symbol is labeled "0" and has only one process
Which of the following is true regarding the context diagram?
The process symbol is labeled "0".
Which of the following is true regarding the context diagram?
The process symbol is labeled "0."
acceptance testing
The process whereby actual users test a completed information system, the end result of which is the users acceptance of it, this description best defines?
coding
The process whereby the phsyical design specifications created by the analysis team is turned into working computer code is referred to as?
determine if the system meets user requirements
The purpose of acceptance testing is to?
Business Process Reengineering
The search for, and implementation of, radical change in business processes to achieve breakthrough improvements in products and services.
Business process reengineering (BPR)
The search for, and implementation of, radical change in business processes to achieve breakthrough improvements in products and services.
Analysis
The second phase of the SDLC in which system requirements are studied and structured
Dialogue
The sequence of interaction between a user and system
Key business processes
The structured measured set of activities designed to produce a specific output for a particular customer or market.
Key Business Processes
The structured, measured set of activities designed to produce a specific output for a particular customer or market
Key business processes
The structured, measured set of activities designed to produce a specific output for a particular customer or market
Key business processes
The structured, measured set of activities designed to produce a specific output for a particular customer or market.
Encapsulation
The technique of hiding the internal implementation details of an object from its external view
Cookie Crumbs
The technique of placing "tabs"or sequenced links on a web page that show a user where he or she is within a site and where he or she has been
Design
The third phase of the SDLC in which the description of the recommended solution is converted into logical and then physical system specifications
Activation
The time period during which an object performs an operation.
System development life cycle (SDLC)
The traditional methodology used to develop, maintain, and replace information systems
JAD session leader
The trained individual who plans and leads JAD sessions
JAD session leader
The trained individual who plans and leads JAD sessions.
JAD session leader
The trained individual who plans and leads Joint Application Design sessions.
JAD session leader
The trained individual who plans and leads joint application design sessions.
JAD Session Leader
The trained individual who plans and leads the JAD session
a walkthrough
The type of testing responsible for determining what the code does is?
Informal System
The way a system actually works
Informal system
The way a system actually works
Informal System
The way a system actually works.
Informal system
The way a system actually works.
Process
The work or actions performed on data so that they are transformed, stored, or distributed
System administrators guide
This type of user documentation is intended primarily for those who will install and administer a new system and contains information about the network on which the system will run, software interfaces for peripherals such as printers, troubleshooting, and setting up user accounts.
According to research studies cited in the text, which of the following statements is true?
Training and support are most important in the early stages of end user computing growth and less so later on.
implementation
Training on the use of the system begins during the early stages of?
A Web site's customer is represented as a source on a data flow diagram.
True
A composite data flow on one level can be split into component data flows at the next level, but no new data can be added and all data in the composite must be accounted for in one or more subflows.
True
A context diagram shows the scope of the organizational system, system boundaries, external entities that interact with the system, and major information flows between entities and the system.
True
A course schedule request is represented on a data flow diagram as a data flow.
True
A data flow diagram is a graphical tool that allows analysts to illustrate the flow of data in an information system.
True
A data flow repository entry would include the composition or list of data elements contained in the data flow.
True
A data flow represents data in motion, moving from one place in the system to another.
True
A fork in a data flow means that exactly the same data go from a common location to two or more different processes, data stores, or sources/sinks.
True
A functional hierarchy diagram is a picture of the various tasks performed in a business and how they are related to each other.
True
A gross violation of DFD consistency would be a level-1 diagram with no level-0 diagram.
True
A level-0 diagram is a data flow diagram that represents a system's major processes, data flows, and data stores at a high level of detail.
True
A use case depicts a set of activities performed to produce some output result.
True
As a rule of thumb, no data flow diagram should have more than about seven processes on it, because the diagram would be too crowded and difficult to understand.
True
Assume we have placed a data store between Process 5.1 and Process 5.5; we would say that these processes are decoupled.
True
Assume your local veterinarian records information about each of his patients on patient medical history forms; the collection of medial history forms is represented on a data flow diagram as a data store.
True
Because data flow names represent a specific set of data, another data flow that has even one more or one less piece of data must be given a different, unique name.
True
Because the system's data stores are conceptually inside one process, no data stores appear on a context diagram.
True
Close-ended questions do not uncover why the answers are the way they are
True
Completeness, consistency, timing, iterative development, and primitive DFDs are guidelines for drawing DFDs.
True
Data cannot move directly from a source to a sink.
True
Data flow diagramming is one of several structured analysis techniques used to increase software development productivity.
True
Data flow diagrams evolve from the more general to the more detailed as current and replacement systems are better understood.
True
Determining requirements is the single most critical aspect of the entire SDLC
True
Functional decomposition is a repetitive process of breaking the description or perspective of a system down into finer and finer detail.
True
It is common practice to create smaller, more focused use cases breaking the whole process down into parts.
True
JAD sessions are much more expensive than the other initially but significantly reduce the time spent in information integration and thus cost less in the long term
True
Management of requirements and system scope is one of the hardest parts of managing a project True
True
More than one data flow noun phrase can appear on a single arrow as long as all of the flows on the same arrow move together as one package.
True
On a data flow diagram in the DeMarco and Yourdon model, two parallel lines represent a data store.
True
Requirement determination is performed to transform the system request's high-level statement of business requirements into a more detailed, precise list of what the new system must do
True
The 'primary actor' is the external user that triggers the event to which the system responds.
True
The data a sink receives and often what data a source provides are fixed.
True
The decomposition of Process 2.4.3.4 is shown on a level-4 diagram.
True
The determination of which items are low in stock is represented on a data flow diagram as a process.
True
The most commonly used requirements gathering technique is the interview.
True
The most important purpose of the requirements definition is to define the scope of the system.
True
Use Cases give more detail about requirements.
True
failing to determine the correct requirements is a primary cause in many factors contribute to a system's failure
True
observation is often used to supplement interview information
True
the analysis phase involves significant interactions with people
True
A use case helps: Define interview questions Clarify ongoing costs for a system Identify risks with the project Refine project management milestones Understand system activities and requirement
Understand system activities and requirement
A notation that allows the modeler to specify, visualize, and construct the artifacts of software systems, as well as business models, is called
Unified Modeling Language (UML)
Prototyping
User quickly converts requirements to working version of system. Once the user sees requirements converted to system, will ask for modifications or will generate additional requests.
alpha testing
User testing of a completed information system using simulated data refers to?
Customers
Which of the following maintenance cost elements is the most significant?
Adaptive maintenance
Which of the following types of maintenance accounts for as much as 70 percent of all maintenance activity?
Corrective maintenance (priority)
Which of the following typically would be assigned the highest priority?
user documentation
Written or other visual information about an application system, how it works, and how to use it best defines?
Which technique require the least training? a) document analysis b) interview c) observation d) JAD e) a & c
a & c: document analysis and observation
Referencing functional hierarchy diagrams, which of the following indicates that a display can be expanded?
a black plus sign in a red circle
electronic performance support system
a component of a software package or application in which training and educational information is embedded best defines?
During systems analysis:
a conceptual data model (E-R with attributes) is prepared.
Command Language Interaction
a human-computer interaction method whereby users enter explicit statements into a system to invoke operations
During systems design:
a logical model (relational) is prepared
Binary relationship
a relationship between instances of two entity types
Repeating group
a set of two or more multivalued attributes that are logically related
Entity Instance
a single occurrence of an entity type
This type of user documentation allows users to test for proper system installation and then signify their acceptance of the new system with their signatures.
acceptance sign-off
The process whereby actual users test a completed information system, the end result of which is the users' acceptance of it, best defines:
acceptance testing
The process whereby actual users test a completed information system, the end result of which is the users' acceptance of it, best describes:
acceptance testing
The part of a decision table that lists the actions that result for a given set of conditions is called?
action stubes
The part of a decision table that lists the actions that result for a given set of conditions is called:
action stubs
Designing usable forms and reports requires?
active interaction with end users
Among requirement analysis strategies, which is the most similar to duration analysis? problem analysis root cause analysis activity-base costing analysis outcome analysis
activity-base costing, looking at the monetary side of the processes
Which of the following are general guidelines for displaying tables and lists?
all of the above are guidelines for displaying tables and lists
User testing of a completed information system using simulated data refers to:
alpha testing
The most complete acceptance testing will include:
alpha testing beta testing a system audit
Candidate Key
an attribute or combo of attributes that uniquely identifies each instance of an entity type
During systems planning and selection:
an enterprise wide-data model is prepared
The primary deliverable from the conceptual data-modeling step within the analysis phase is:
an entity-relationship diagram
A master test plan is developed during:
analysis
In what phase essential use cases are used?
analysis
If an input from a source appears at level-0, it must:
appear on the context diagram
If an input from a source appears on a level-0 diagram, it must:
appear on the context diagram
Making sure that all data and entry fields are clearly labeled corresponds to the following form and report guideline:
balance the layout
Making sure that all data and entry fields are clearly labeled corresponds to the following form and report guidelines?
balance the layout
If a data flow appears on the context diagram and is also represented at level-0, this would be referred to as:
balancing
If a data flow appears on the context diagram and is also represented on a level-0 diagram, this would be referred to as:
balancing
If a data flow appears on the context diagram and is also represented on a level-0 diagram, this would be referred to as?
balancing
The conservation of inputs and outputs to a data flow diagram process when that process is decomposed to a lower level defines:
balancing
The conservation of inputs and outputs to a data flow diagram process when that process is decomposed to a lower level defines?
balancing
The conservation of inputs and outputs to a data-flow diagram process when that process is decomposed to a lower level defines:
balancing
Use cases generally have three parts:
basic information, inputs and outputs, and details
If two processes are connected by a data flow, they are said to
be coupled to each other
If two processes are connected by a data flow, they are said to:
be coupled to each other
User testing of a completed information system using real data in the real user environment refers to:
beta testing
On a data flow diagram, you may:
both a and b (repeat data stores & repeat sources/sinks)
Gathering the information you need for data modeling by reviewing specific business documents handled within the system describes the:
bottom-up approach
Reviewing computer screens, reports, and business forms for the purpose of gaining an understanding of data is indicative of the:
bottom-up approach
The search for, and implementation of, radical change in business processes to achieve breakthrough improvements in products and services best defines
business process reengineering
When selecting an identifier, one should:
choose a candidate key that will not change its value over the life of each instance of the entity type
In the DeMarco and Yourdon model, the symbol for a process is a _____.
circle
Testing to assure that data is of proper type is the purpose of the?
class or composition validation test.
The guideline specifying that dialogues be logically grouped and have a beginning, middle, and end is?
closure
The process whereby the physical design specifications created by the analysis team is turned into working computer code is referred to as:
coding
Which of the following is one of the four fundamental issues IS managers must address?
computing infrastructure
A _____________ is a data flow diagram of the scope of an organizational system that shows the system boundaries, external entities that interact with a system, and the major information flows between entities and the system.
context diagram
The diagram that shows the scope of the system, indicating what elements are inside and outside the system, is called a:
context diagram
The diagram that shows the scope of the system, indicating what elements are inside and outside the system, is called a?
context diagram
The diagram that shows the scope of the system, indicating what elements are inside and which are outside the system, is called a:
context diagram
The ability to provide field-level help is often referred to as?
context-sensitive help
The ability to provide field-level help is often referred to as:
context-sensitve help
The purpose of coding, testing, and installation is to:
convert the final physical system specifications into working reliable software and hardware
Changes made to a system to repair flaws in its design, coding, or implementation describes:
corrective maintenance
Which of the following typically would be assigned the highest priority?
corrective maintenance
What skill does an analyst need to move users from as-is to to-be system
critical thinking skill
Data flow diagrams that specify what people and technologies are used in which processes to move and transform data, accepting inputs and producing outputs are referred to as:
current physical data flow diagrams
An arrow on a data flow diagram represents a:
data flow
An arrow on a data-flow diagram represents a(n):
data flow
Data contained on a customer order form would be represented on a data flow diagram as a:
data flow
Data contained on a customer order form would be represented on a data-flow diagram as a:
data flow
Data in motion, moving from one place in a system to another, best describes a:
data flow
Data in motion, moving from one place in a system to another, defines
data flow
Data in motion, moving from one place in a system to another, defines:
data flow
Recording a customer's payment would be represented on a data-flow diagram as a(n):
data flow
Student data contained on an enrollment form is represented on a data flow diagram as a:
data flow
Student data contained on an enrollment form would be represented on a data-flow diagram as a:
data flow
Data contained on a customer order form would be represented on a data flow diagram as a?
data flow (customer)
Student data contained on an enrollment form would be represented on a data flow diagram as a?
data flow (student)
___________________ is a graphic that illustrates the movement of data between external entities and the processes and data stores within a system.
data flow diagram
Data in motion, moving from one place in a system to another, best describes a?
data flow. (data)
Where is the data component of the system defined? data model process model use cases
data model
A __________________ represents data at rest, which may take the form of many different physical representations.
data store
A computer-based file containing employee information is represented on a data flow diagram as a:
data store
A computer-based file containing employee information would be represented on a data-flow diagram as a(n):
data store
A file folder containing orders is represented on a data flow diagram as a:
data store
A file folder containing orders would be represented on a data flow diagram as a?
data store
A file folder containing orders would be represented on a data-flow diagram as a:
data store
Data at rest, which may take the form of many different physical representations, best describes a ?
data store
Data at rest, which may take the form of many different physical representations, best describes a:
data store
Data at rest, which may take the form of many different physical representations, defines:
data store
In the Gane and Sarson model, a rectangle that is missing its right vertical sides on a data flow diagram represents a:
data store
On a data flow diagram, a rectangle with the right vertical line missing represents a ?
data store
On a data flow diagram, supplier information kept in a notebook is represented as a ___________.
data store
On a data-flow diagram, a rectangle with the right vertical line missing represents a:
data store
Data at rest, which may take the form of many different physical representations, defines:
datastore
The major deliverables associated with the human interface design stage are ?
design specifications
The major deliverables associated with the human interface design stage are:
design specifications
A testing technique in which the program code is sequentially executed manually by the reviewer is referred to as
desk checking
A testing technique in which the program code is sequentially executed manually by the reviewer is referred to as:
desk checking
The purpose of acceptance testing is to:
determine if the system meets user requirements
The extent to which information contained on one level of a set of nested data flow diagrams is also included on other levels refers to:
dfd consistency
The sequence of interaction between a user and a system best describes an?
dialogue
A formal method for desiging and representing human-computer dialogues using box and line diagrams is reffered to as?
dialogue diagramming
A formal method for designing and representing human-computer dialogues using box and line diagrams is referred to as:
dialogue diagramming
Which of the following is a method for representing human-computer dialogues?
dialogue diagramming
The way a user can move from one display to another best describes:
dialogue sequence
The way a user can move from one display to another best describes?
dialogue sequence
Changing over from the old information system to a new one by turning off the old system as the new one is turned on best describes:
direct installation
The technique where users must confirm their intention twice before being allowed to proceed is called?
double-confirmation
Which analysis strategies are most useful in finding the most "broken" process?
duration analysis and activity-based costing
The type of testing that involves the execution of code is called:
dynamic testing
The guideline specifying that dialogues be simple for users to enter information and navigate between screens is?
ease
A person, place, object, event, or concept in the user environment about which the organization wishes to maintain data refers to a(n):
entity
A single occurrence of an entity type defines:
entity instance
A collection of entities that share common properties or characteristics best defines:
entity type
A detailed, logical, and graphical representation of the entities, associations, and data elements for an organization or business area best describes a(n):
entity-relationship diagram or E-R diagram
The most common format used for data modeling is:
entity-relationship diagramming
All of the following are types of user documentation EXCEPT:
entity-relationship diagrams
A data flow diagram that represents a system's major processes, data flows, and data stores at a high level of detail refers to:
evel-0 diagram
what is duration analysis?
examination of the amount of time it takes to perform each process in the current as-is system
Which one require the most coding? a) normal course b) exception handling c) alternative course
exception handling
Movement to another screen corresponds to the functional requirement of:
exit capabilities
Movement to another screen corresponds to the functional requirements of ?
exit capabilities
System documentation that includes the outcome of such structured diagramming techniques as data flow and entity-relationship diagrams best defines:
external documentation
System documentation that includes the outcome of such structured diagramming techniques as data-flow and entity-relationship diagrams best defines:
external documentation
use cases are often thought of as an _____________________ view of a business process
external or functional
Use cases are the same as process diagrams
false
Use cases are a type of 'data-driven modeling'
false (event-driven)
When designing the navigation procedures within your system, the primary concerns are:
flexibility and consistency
When designing the navigation procedures within your system, the primary concerns are?
flexibility and consistency.
An attribute that appears as a nonkey attribute in one relation and as a primary key attribute (or part of a primary key) in another relation is a:
foreign key
If order number serves as the primary key in the order relation and also appears as a nonkey attribute in the invoice relation, then order number is said to be a:
foreign key
A business document that contains some predefined data and may include some areas where additional data are to be filled in best describes a:
form
Which of the following is the standard method of gathering and displaying information on the Internet?
form interaction
there are 2 types of document analysis
formal & informal
The act of going from a single system to several component processes refers to:
functional decomposition
A particular relationship between two attributes best defines:
functional dependency
A __________________________________ is a picture of the various tasks performed in a business and how they are related to each other; these tasks are broken down into their various parts, and all the parts are shown in the same representation.
functional hierarchy diagram
Which of the following is best described as a picture of the various tasks performed in a business and how there are related to each other, breaking the tasks into their various parts, and all the parts are shown in the same representation?
functional hierarchy diagram
The process in analysis in which the analyst tries to discover discrepancies between two or more sets of data flow diagrams, representing two or more states of an information system, or discrepancies within a single DFD, is referred to as:
gap analysis
What purpose are Open-ended questions designed for?
gather rich information and give the interviewees more control over the information is revealed
Form and report design?
generally follow a prototyping approach
Form and report design:
generally follows a prototyping approach
What problem of JAD that e-JAD overcomes and how?
group problem - participants submit ideas anonymously through networked computers - ideas are ranked through voting
A black hole is a process that:
has only inputs
A black hole is one that
has only inputs
A black hole is one that:
has only inputs
A black hole is process that:
has only inputs
A miracle process is one that
has only outputs
A miracle process is one that:
has only outputs
A miracle process is one that:
has only outputs.
The new logical model will differ from the current logical model by:
having additional functions, removing obsolete functions, and reorganizing inefficient flows
The new logical model will differ from the current logical model by:
having additional functions, removing obsolete functions, and reorganizing inefficient flows
Each of the following is a true statement about highlighting except?
highlighting should be used as frequently as possible to draw the user to or away from certain information and to group together related information.
A single name that is used for two or more different attributes best defines:
homonym
What is the single most important benefit of JAD separating it from the others?
immediate integration of information
Training on the use of the system begins during the early stages of:
implantation
After maintenance, which of the following is the most expensive and most time consuming phase of the entire life cycle?
implementation
Training on the use of the system begins during the early stages of the:
implementation phase
non-functional requirements include:
important behavioral properties
which part do RAD and agile methodologies (iterative, prototyping, throwaway prototyping, and XP) focus exclusively on?
improvements and the to-be system requirements rather than studying as-is system
A testing technique in which participants examine program code for predictable language-specific errors defines:
inspections
The organizational process of changing over from the current information system to a new one best defines:
installation
The process in which the current system is replaced by the new system best describes:
installation
This plan lays out a strategy for moving from the old system to the new, from the beginning to end of the process.
installation plan
This plan lays out a strategy for moving from the old system to the new.
installation plan
The process of bringing together all of the modules that comprise a program for testing purposes is referred to as:
integration testing
Which of the following focuses on how information is provided to and captured from users?
interface and dialogue design
System documentation that is part of the program source code or is generated at compile time best defines:
internal documentation
A DFD that is a result of three nested decompositions of a series of sub-processes from a process on a level-0 diagram describes a?
level-3 diagram
A DFD that is a result of three nested decompositions of a series of subprocesses from a process on a level-0 diagram defines a:
level-3 diagram
A DFD that is a result of three nested decompositions of a series of subprocesses from a process on a level-0 diagram describes a:
level-3 diagram
A ___________ is a DFD that is the result of n nested decomposition of a series of subprocesses from a process on a level-0 diagram.
level-n diagram
The use of small, simple images to allow a Web page to be displayed more quickly best describes?
lightweight graphics
all of the following are types of users documentation except:
management plan
Data-flow diagrams allow you to:
model how data flow through an information system
Data flow diagrams allow you to:
model how data flow through an information system.
The process of converting complex data structures into simple, stable data structures is referred to as:
normalization
The primary deliverable from logical database design is:
normalized relations
This type of future programmer includes professionals and technicians who program as part of their main duties.
occasional programmer
Most user documentation is now delivered:
on-line, in hypertext format
Most user documentation is now delivered:
online, in hypertext format
Using lists to break information into manageable pieces conforms to the SOS guideline of:
organize
Using lists to break information into manageable pieces conforms to the SOS guideline of?
organize
Which analysis strategies help team think "outside the box"?
outcome analysis, technology analysis, and informal benchmarking.
Evolving the system to add new features or improve performance best describes
perfective maintenance
Testing to assure that data conforms to a standard format is the purpose of the ?
pictures templates validation test
Which of the following determines how the system performs on the range of possible environments in which it may be used?
preformance testing
A _________________ is the lowest level of decomposition for a data flow diagram.
primitive DFD
The lowest level of DFDs is called:
primitive data flow diagrams
When you believe that you have shown each business form or transaction, computer screen, and report as a single data flow, you have probably reached the:
primitive data flow diagrams
When you believe that you have shown each business form or transaction, computer screen, and report as a single data flow, you have probably reached the?
primitive data flow diagrams
The lowest level of DFDs are:
primitive data flow diagrams (low)
The lowest level of DFDs are:
primitive data-flow diagrams
When you believe that you have shown each business form or transaction, computer screen, and report as a single data flow, you have probably reached the:
primitive data-flow diagrams
The lowest level of decomposition for a data flow diagram is called the?
primitive design
The lowest level of decomposition for a data flow diagram is called the:
primitive diagram
The lowest level of decomposition for a data-flow diagram is called the:
primitive diagram
What are probing questions?
probing questions are asked to follow up what has been discussed in order for the interviewer to learn more
when ANALYZING the requirements, what is the most commonly used strategy? interview JAD document analysis problem analysis
problem analysis
Which analysis strategies are most useful when the situations focus is narrow and efficiency gains are sought?
problem analysis and root cause analysis
What does root cause analysis focus on?
problems first rather than solutions
Calculating an employee's salary is represented on a data flow diagram as a:
process
Determining an employee's schedule is an example of a ________.
process
In the Gane and Sarson model, a rectangle with rounded corners on a data flow diagram represents a:
process
On a data flow diagram, a rectangle with rounded corners represents a?
process
On a data-flow diagram, a rectangle with rounded corners represents a(n):
process
Recording a customer's payment is represented on a data flow diagram as a:
process
Recording a customers payment would be represented on a data flow diagram as a ?
process
The calculation of an employee's salary would be represented on a data flow diagram as an?
process
The calculation of an employee's salary would be represented on a data-flow diagram as a(n):
process
The work or actions performed on data so that they are transformed, stored, or distributed defines
process
The work or actions performed on data so that they are transformed, stored, or distributed defines:
process
a computer-based file containing employee information would be represented on a data flow diagram as a ?
process
__________________ graphically represents the processes that capture, manipulate, store, and distribute data between a system and its environment and among components within a system.
process modeling
Data flow diagrams that concentrate on the movement of data between processes are referred to as:
process models
Since data flow diagrams concentrate on the movement of data between processes, these diagrams are often referred to as?
process models
Since data-flow diagrams concentrate on the movement of data between processes, these diagrams are often referred to as:
process models
___________ are the works or actions performed on data so that they are transformed, stored, or distributed.
processes
What is the indication of the need for process integration or parallelization?
processes in which many different people work on small parts of the inputs
When designing interfaces and dialogues, you follow a?
prototyping approach
occasionally, JAD sessions are followed by:
questionaires
What kind of questions should be avoid?
questions regarding matter outside of interviewee's areas of knowledge
A foreign key in a relation that references the primary key values of that same relation is referred to as a(n):
recursive foreign key
Relationships between instances of a single entity type are referred to as:
recursive relationships
Which of the following consists of an exhaustive list of the system's functions and commands, usually in alphabetical order?
reference guide
Which of the following is an exhaustive list of the system's functions and commands, usually in alphabetical order?
reference guide
A named two-dimensional table of data is a(n):
relation
A data model that represents data in the form of tables or relations is called a(n):
relational database model
The most common style for a logical database model is the:
relational database model
This type of user documentation contains information about a new system release, including a list of complete documentation for the new release, features and enhancements, known problems and how they have been dealt with in the new release, and information about installation.
release description
On a data flow diagram, you may:
repeat both data stores and sources/sinks
On a data-flow diagram, you may:
repeat both data stores and sources/sinks
Which of the following best describes a business document that contains only predefined data?
report
The System proposal components:
requirement definition use cases process model data model
The part of a decision table that links conditions to actions is the section that contains the:
rules
The part of a decision table that links conditions to actions is the section that contains the?
rules
A supplier of auto parts to our company is represented on a data flow diagram as a:
source
A supplier of auto parts to your company would be represented on a data flow diagram as a?
source
A supplier of auto parts to your company would be represented on a data-flow diagram as a:
source
The orgin and/or destination of data, sometimes referred to as external entities defines?
source
The origin and/or destination of data, sometimes referred to as external entities defines:
source
A square on a data flow diagram represents a:
source/sink
The origin and/or destination of data, sometimes referred to as external entities defines:
source/sink
Commonly used methods for highlighting include each of the following except:
spacing
Commonly used methods for highlighting include each of the following except?
spacing
The symbol for sources/sinks is a ______.
square
An object undergoes a ___________________________ when there are changes in the attributes of an object or in the links and object has with other objects.
state transition
Which of the following is not one of the primary deliverables resulting from studying and documenting a system's processes?
state-transition diagram
The results of running the code are not an issue for this particular type of test.
static testing
The type of testing that does not execute the code is called:
static testing
"Please wait while I open the file" is an example of:
status information
"Please wait while I open the file" is an example of?
status information
Which of the following are designed during alpha testing and try to break the system?
stress tests
A technique used in testing modules, especially where modules are written and tested in a top-down fashion, where a few lines of code are used to substitute for subordinate modules describes:
stub testing
Two different names that are used to refer to the same data item best defines:
synonym
This type of user documentation is intended primarily for those who will install and administer a new system and contains information about the network on which the system will run, software interfaces for peripherals such as printers, troubleshooting, and setting up user accounts.
system administrator's guide
Conceptual data modeling is typically done in parallel with other requirements analysis and structuring steps during:
system analysis
Who is responsible for ensuring that coding, testing, and installation are properly planned and executed?
system analysis
During which of the following generic life-cycle phases would a user's guide be produced?
system delivery
This type of user documentation is intended primarily for those who will install and administer a new system and contains information about the network on which the system will run, software interfaces for peripherals such as printers, troubleshooting, and setting up user accounts.
system's administrators guide
Human interface design is performed during:
systems design
Human interface design is performed during?
systems design
Each of the following are true statements except?
systems inputs and outputs are produced during the systems implementation and operation phase of the systems development life cycle.
Templates used to display and process common attributes of a higher-level and more abstract items best describes?
template-based HTML
Interviewees are selected based on the basis of: interviewee's knowledge interviewee's influence in the organization interviewee's influence to the project the analyst's information needs
the analyst's information needs
During the analysis phase, requirements are written from the perspective of___________
the business.
The deliverables for coding, testing, and installation are:
the code, program documentation, test scenarios and test data, results of program and system testing, user guides, user training plan, and an installation and conversion plan
The deliverables from the coding, testing, and installation processes include:
the code, program documentation, test scenarios and test data, results of program and system testing, user guides, user training plan, and an installation and conversion plan.
The deliverables from the coding, testing, and installation processes include:
the code, program documentation, test scenarios and test data, results of testings, user guide, user training plan, installation plan
Balancing
the conservation of inputs and outputs to a data flow diagram process when that process is decomposed to a lower level
Process, logic, and data-model descriptions of a system must be consistent and complete since:
they each describe different but complementary views of the same information system
Which approach is more commonly more appropriate to most interviews? why? top-down bottom-up
top-down -enables the interviewees to become accustomed to the topic before he or she needs to provide specifics, avoiding missing important issues
What are 2 fundamental approaches to organizing the interview questions?
top-down & bottom-up
The data modeling perspective that derives the business rules for a data model from an intimate understanding of the nature of the business, rather than from any specific information requirements in screens, reports, or business forms, is referred to as the:
top-down approach
What problem does JAD suffer?
traditional problem associated with group: people are reluctant to challenge the opinions of others.
A strategy for training users so they can quickly learn the new system is a(n):
training plan
Entering invalid data into a field describes?
transcribing
Reversing the sequence of one or more characters in a field is called?
transposing
In the DeMarco and Yourdon model, the symbol for a data store is ___________.
two parallel lines.
Testing each module alone in an attempt to discover any errors that may exist in the module's code is referred to as:
unit testing
Which of the following is not one of the four types of data flow diagrams?
updated physical
Each of the following is a guideline for displaying text except?
use abbreviations and acronyms instead of full text
A __________________________ is a sequence of related actions initiated by an actor; it represents a specific way to use the system.
use case
Providing a current date that identifies when the form or report was generated corresponds to the form and report guideline of?
use meaningful titles.
Potential topics that will determine if training will be useful include:
use of the system general computer concepts information system concepts
The deliverables of process modeling state:
what you learned during requirements determination
When are close-ended question used?
when analyst is looking for specific, precise information - give the analyst more control
