Chapter 7
No obese parents
10% chance of obesity
Angela weighs 61 kg and is 1.6 meters tall. Calculate her BMI.
24
Andy eights 220 pounds and is 6 feet tall. His BMI reading would be about:
30
Both parents are obese
80% chance of obesity
Environmental factors that may promote obesity include ...
Abundance of fast food establishments, stressful work conditions, and lack of safe outdoor recreation facilities
The amount and location of _____ in the body are important predictors of cardiovascular disease risk.
Adipose tissue
Which of the following are unreliable weight-loss programs ?
Advertised as cure-alls, no attempt to change old habits, and recommends expensive supplements
Upper-body obesity is also termed _____ obesity
Android, male-pattern, and apple-shape
Upper-body obesity resembles the shape of a(n) ...
Apple
_____ is commonly used in the clinical setting to assess weight status because it is inexpensive, non-invasive, and closely related to body fat content.
BMI
Identify those factors that increase basal metabolism.
Caffeine and tobacco use, pregnancy, and increase in lean mass
Cognitive restructuring
Changes our frame of mind
Which of the following may cause a person to become underweight ?
Chemotherapy for treatment of cancer, a disease that damages the small intestine, and excessive dieting
Positive energy balance is normal and healthy during ...
Childhood, pregnancy, and infancy
_____ calorimetry predicts energy needs by measuring the amount of heat released by a person.
Direct
What are the disadvantages of the DXA method for measuring body fat ?
Equipment not widely available and expensive equipment
The major cause of male obesity in adulthood is ...
Excess calorie intake
True/False: Obesity decreases a person's risk for premature death.
False
True/False: Pregnancy would be a time when a person should be sure to maintain a negative energy balance.
False
Which of the following are social systems that may be helpful with weight control ?
Family and friends, weight loss support groups, registered dietitians, and weight control professionals
The body satisfies energy requirements by consuming ...
Fat, protein, and carbohydrates
Obesity caused by nature would be _____ and obesity caused by nurture would be due to _____ factors.
Genetic; environmental
The key recommendations for weight loss in the 2020 Dietary Guidelines include ...
Increasing physical activity, losing weight in a slow and steady pace, decreasing calories intake and maintaining adequate nutrient intake
Negative energy balance occurs when energy input is _____ energy output.
Less than
Important components of a successful long-term weight loss include:
Modifying problem behaviors, engaging in regular physical activity, and controlling calorie intake
In order to lose weight, it is necessary to be in _____ energy balance.
Negative
Lower-body obesity is named after this type of fruit due to its shape ?
Pear
If Carlos consumes more calories than he expends, his net energy balance will be _____.
Positive
Contingency management
Prepares one for situations that may trigger overeating
Order the nutrients below in decreasing order of the energy needed for the thermic effect of foods.
Protein, carbohydrates, and fat
"Yo-yo" dieting refers to ...
Repeated cycles of weight loss followed by weight regain
Chain-breaking
Separates behaviors that tend to occur together
A person who needs fewer calories and stores fat more readily than the average human may have inherited a(n) _____ metabolism.
Thrifty
True/False: A weight-loss program that promises a rapid weight loss is unreliable.
True
True/False: Health history and lifestyle should be major contributions when establishing a healthy weight for a person.
True
Hyperthyroidism, fat malabsorption, and cancer are some medical reasons a person may become ...
Underweight
Less than 18 BMI
Underweight
All of the following are reliable treatments for obesity except:
Using diet pills
Rapid weight loss at the beginning of a weight loss program is a result of ...
Water loss and lean muscle mass depletion
Identify the characteristics of a person with a thrifty metabolism.
Built-in safeguard against starvation, body requires fewer calories/day than average people, and stores more fat more readily than average people
Order the following steps of the procedure for measuring direct calorimetry from the initial step onward.
Initial temperature of a layer of water surrounding an insulated chamber is measured, body heat of a person in the insulated chamber raises temperature of the water surrounding the chamber, and difference between initial and final water temperature is used to determine energy expenditure
Which factor decreases basal metabolism ?
Low calorie intake
Greater or equal to 30 BMI
Obesity
The public, private, and non-profit organizations are currently working together to find a solution to the public health crisis of _____, now considered an epidemic in the United States.
Obesity
Weight-related conditions that indicate a need to lose weight include:
Obesity, hypertension, and high blood glucose
Which of the following are the top three contributors to the calories expended by the body each day ?
Physical activity, basal metabolism, and thermic effect of food
Identify the components of energy output not involving basal metabolism.
Physical activity, digestion of nutrients, and absorption of nutrients
Energy balance is thought of as energy input versus energy output. Identify the components that contribute to the "energy output" of this equation.
Physical activity, digestion, and metabolism
When a person's energy input is greater than his energy output, that person is in _____ energy balance.
Positive
Select the true statements concerning body weight among North American adults.
Prevention of an overweight condition in the first place is the most successful approach to maintaining a healthy body weight, achieving and maintaining a healthy weight lowers risk for developing type 2 diabetes, and approximately 68% of adults are overweight.
Stimulus control
Puts us in charge of temptations
Which of the following are reliable weight-loss programs ?
Recommends physical activity, scientific evidence supports program, and recommendations lifestyle change
The factors that help one to maintain an appropriate hight/weight value include which of these ?
Remaining physically active, learning to follow the body's hunger cues, and regularly eating a healthy diet
The _____ metabolic rate is calculated instead of a basal metabolic rate if the individual has not fasted and/or not rested for 12 hours prior to the test.
Resting
Upper-body obesity is diagnosed in males when the waist circumference exceeds _____ inches.
40
Choose the factor that does not increase basal metabolism.
Dieting
Identify the factors that decrease basal metabolism.
Loss of lean tissue, dieting, and low calorie intake
The reason why unreliable diets are problematic include ...
Loss of lean tissue, unchanged habits, and limited food selection
Which factors contribute to weight gain during adulthood ?
Slower metabolism, excess food intake, and limited physical activity
What factors increase a person's risk for upper-body obesity ?
Smoking and male hormone testosterone
The Set Point Theory of weight maintenance proposes that ...
The body closely regulates the body weight and body fat content, humans have a genetically predetermined body fat content and body weight
True/False: The Set Point Theory of weight management proposes that humans have a genetically predetermined body-fat content.
True
How much does physical activity increase energy expenditure beyond basal metabolism ?
15-35%
18.5-24.9 BMI
Healthy weight
Which of the following factors are used to calculate Estimated Energy Requirements for adults with the Food and Nutrition Board's formula ?
Height, weight, and age
Increases in lean body mass will _____ basal metabolic rate.
Increase
Which of the following statements are true about dual energy x-ray absorptiometry ?
It can be used to assess bone mineral density, it measured body fat by passing a small dose of radiation through the body, and it is considered the most accurate determination of body fat.
Self-monitoring
Reveals patterns of unconscious overeating
True/False: The location of fat storage is strongly influenced by genetics.
True
The positive aspects of using BMI to assess healthy weight include which of the following ?
It is easy and convenient to use, values apply to both men and women, and it is a quick screening test for overweight or obesity
Between 25 and 29.9 BMI
Overweight
The energy required for the thermic effect of foods is due to the _____ of nutrients.
Processing, absorption, ad digestion
Which of the following promote lower-body obesity ?
Progesterone and estrogen
The need for women to have a higher body fat when compared to men is to maintain ...
Reproductive functions and estrogen production
One obese parent
40% chance of obesity