Chapter 7

No obese parents

10% chance of obesity

Angela weighs 61 kg and is 1.6 meters tall. Calculate her BMI.

24

Andy eights 220 pounds and is 6 feet tall. His BMI reading would be about:

30

Both parents are obese

80% chance of obesity

Environmental factors that may promote obesity include ...

Abundance of fast food establishments, stressful work conditions, and lack of safe outdoor recreation facilities

The amount and location of _____ in the body are important predictors of cardiovascular disease risk.

Adipose tissue

Which of the following are unreliable weight-loss programs ?

Advertised as cure-alls, no attempt to change old habits, and recommends expensive supplements

Upper-body obesity is also termed _____ obesity

Android, male-pattern, and apple-shape

Upper-body obesity resembles the shape of a(n) ...

Apple

_____ is commonly used in the clinical setting to assess weight status because it is inexpensive, non-invasive, and closely related to body fat content.

BMI

Identify those factors that increase basal metabolism.

Caffeine and tobacco use, pregnancy, and increase in lean mass

Cognitive restructuring

Changes our frame of mind

Which of the following may cause a person to become underweight ?

Chemotherapy for treatment of cancer, a disease that damages the small intestine, and excessive dieting

Positive energy balance is normal and healthy during ...

Childhood, pregnancy, and infancy

_____ calorimetry predicts energy needs by measuring the amount of heat released by a person.

Direct

What are the disadvantages of the DXA method for measuring body fat ?

Equipment not widely available and expensive equipment

The major cause of male obesity in adulthood is ...

Excess calorie intake

True/False: Obesity decreases a person's risk for premature death.

False

True/False: Pregnancy would be a time when a person should be sure to maintain a negative energy balance.

False

Which of the following are social systems that may be helpful with weight control ?

Family and friends, weight loss support groups, registered dietitians, and weight control professionals

The body satisfies energy requirements by consuming ...

Fat, protein, and carbohydrates

Obesity caused by nature would be _____ and obesity caused by nurture would be due to _____ factors.

Genetic; environmental

The key recommendations for weight loss in the 2020 Dietary Guidelines include ...

Increasing physical activity, losing weight in a slow and steady pace, decreasing calories intake and maintaining adequate nutrient intake

Negative energy balance occurs when energy input is _____ energy output.

Less than

Important components of a successful long-term weight loss include:

Modifying problem behaviors, engaging in regular physical activity, and controlling calorie intake

In order to lose weight, it is necessary to be in _____ energy balance.

Negative

Lower-body obesity is named after this type of fruit due to its shape ?

Pear

If Carlos consumes more calories than he expends, his net energy balance will be _____.

Positive

Contingency management

Prepares one for situations that may trigger overeating

Order the nutrients below in decreasing order of the energy needed for the thermic effect of foods.

Protein, carbohydrates, and fat

"Yo-yo" dieting refers to ...

Repeated cycles of weight loss followed by weight regain

Chain-breaking

Separates behaviors that tend to occur together

A person who needs fewer calories and stores fat more readily than the average human may have inherited a(n) _____ metabolism.

Thrifty

True/False: A weight-loss program that promises a rapid weight loss is unreliable.

True

True/False: Health history and lifestyle should be major contributions when establishing a healthy weight for a person.

True

Hyperthyroidism, fat malabsorption, and cancer are some medical reasons a person may become ...

Underweight

Less than 18 BMI

Underweight

All of the following are reliable treatments for obesity except:

Using diet pills

Rapid weight loss at the beginning of a weight loss program is a result of ...

Water loss and lean muscle mass depletion

Identify the characteristics of a person with a thrifty metabolism.

Built-in safeguard against starvation, body requires fewer calories/day than average people, and stores more fat more readily than average people

Order the following steps of the procedure for measuring direct calorimetry from the initial step onward.

Initial temperature of a layer of water surrounding an insulated chamber is measured, body heat of a person in the insulated chamber raises temperature of the water surrounding the chamber, and difference between initial and final water temperature is used to determine energy expenditure

Which factor decreases basal metabolism ?

Low calorie intake

Greater or equal to 30 BMI

Obesity

The public, private, and non-profit organizations are currently working together to find a solution to the public health crisis of _____, now considered an epidemic in the United States.

Obesity

Weight-related conditions that indicate a need to lose weight include:

Obesity, hypertension, and high blood glucose

Which of the following are the top three contributors to the calories expended by the body each day ?

Physical activity, basal metabolism, and thermic effect of food

Identify the components of energy output not involving basal metabolism.

Physical activity, digestion of nutrients, and absorption of nutrients

Energy balance is thought of as energy input versus energy output. Identify the components that contribute to the "energy output" of this equation.

Physical activity, digestion, and metabolism

When a person's energy input is greater than his energy output, that person is in _____ energy balance.

Positive

Select the true statements concerning body weight among North American adults.

Prevention of an overweight condition in the first place is the most successful approach to maintaining a healthy body weight, achieving and maintaining a healthy weight lowers risk for developing type 2 diabetes, and approximately 68% of adults are overweight.

Stimulus control

Puts us in charge of temptations

Which of the following are reliable weight-loss programs ?

Recommends physical activity, scientific evidence supports program, and recommendations lifestyle change

The factors that help one to maintain an appropriate hight/weight value include which of these ?

Remaining physically active, learning to follow the body's hunger cues, and regularly eating a healthy diet

The _____ metabolic rate is calculated instead of a basal metabolic rate if the individual has not fasted and/or not rested for 12 hours prior to the test.

Resting

Upper-body obesity is diagnosed in males when the waist circumference exceeds _____ inches.

40

Choose the factor that does not increase basal metabolism.

Dieting

Identify the factors that decrease basal metabolism.

Loss of lean tissue, dieting, and low calorie intake

The reason why unreliable diets are problematic include ...

Loss of lean tissue, unchanged habits, and limited food selection

Which factors contribute to weight gain during adulthood ?

Slower metabolism, excess food intake, and limited physical activity

What factors increase a person's risk for upper-body obesity ?

Smoking and male hormone testosterone

The Set Point Theory of weight maintenance proposes that ...

The body closely regulates the body weight and body fat content, humans have a genetically predetermined body fat content and body weight

True/False: The Set Point Theory of weight management proposes that humans have a genetically predetermined body-fat content.

True

How much does physical activity increase energy expenditure beyond basal metabolism ?

15-35%

18.5-24.9 BMI

Healthy weight

Which of the following factors are used to calculate Estimated Energy Requirements for adults with the Food and Nutrition Board's formula ?

Height, weight, and age

Increases in lean body mass will _____ basal metabolic rate.

Increase

Which of the following statements are true about dual energy x-ray absorptiometry ?

It can be used to assess bone mineral density, it measured body fat by passing a small dose of radiation through the body, and it is considered the most accurate determination of body fat.

Self-monitoring

Reveals patterns of unconscious overeating

True/False: The location of fat storage is strongly influenced by genetics.

True

The positive aspects of using BMI to assess healthy weight include which of the following ?

It is easy and convenient to use, values apply to both men and women, and it is a quick screening test for overweight or obesity

Between 25 and 29.9 BMI

Overweight

The energy required for the thermic effect of foods is due to the _____ of nutrients.

Processing, absorption, ad digestion

Which of the following promote lower-body obesity ?

Progesterone and estrogen

The need for women to have a higher body fat when compared to men is to maintain ...

Reproductive functions and estrogen production

One obese parent

40% chance of obesity