Chapter 7 Lesson 2

What do "free" ribosomes do?

"Free" ribosomes perform make cellular proteins that are not attached to the membrane. The proteins they make stay in the cell.

What is the nuclear envelope?

2 dotted membranes with thousands of nuclear pores.

What features do all cells have?

A cell membrane and DNA

What are vacuoles?

A cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.

What is the cell wall? In which organism is it found?

A cell wall is a strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells. Plant cells.

What is the cell membrane made of?

A double-layer sheet called a lipid bilayer.

what is a lysosomes' function?

A lysosomes' function is to break down lipids, carbohydrates. and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell. They are also involved in breaking down organelles that have outlived their usefulness.

What is the name of the disease caused by a missing enzynme in lysosomes?

ALD, tay sachs.

What is the function of the pores?

Allows material to move into and out of the nucleus.

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are organelles involved in capturing and releasing energy. Where are they found? What are their functions?

Chloroplasts capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into food that contains chemical energy in a process (photosynthesis). the mitochondria converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.

DNA and proteins form chromatin that forms..... .

Chromosomes.

What does the nucleus contain?

DNA.

What are lysosomes?

Lysosomes are small organelles filled with enzymes.

What are two main protein filaments that make up the cytoskeleton?

Microfilaments and microtubes.

What are vesicles?

Nearly all eukaryotic cells contain smaller membrane-enclosed structures. These store and move materials between cell organelles, as well as to and from the cell surface.

Define organelles.

Organelles are specialized structures that perform important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell. Literally means "little organs" BUT are not.

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

Organelles that build proteins, assembles proteins and lipids.

Which organisms contain a big, central vacuole? Why?

Plant cells. The pressure of central vacuole in these cells increases their rigidity, making it possible for plants to support heavy structures such as laves and flowers.

What is the meaning of the words prokaryote and eukaryote?

Prokaryote- before the nucleus Eukaryote- with the nucleus

Describe the four steps of how proteins are assembled in the cell.

Proteins form channels and pumps that help move material across the cell membrane some proteins attach directly to the cytoskeleton enabling cell to respond to their environment by using their membranes to hekp move or change shape.

What are ribosomes?

Ribosomes are small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in all cells.

What is the ribosomes function?

Ribosomes produce proteins by following coded instruction that some from DNA.

In the nucleus there is also the nucleolus where ....... are assembled.

Ribosomes.

There are 2 parts of the ER. Name them and describe their functions.

Rough ER (RER)- mizes proteins that include those that would be released. Smooth ER (SER)- contains collections od enzymes that perform specialized tasks.

What does it mean that the cell membranes are selectively permeable?

Somethings can pass and somethings cannot.

Describe the structure and function of the cytoskeleton.

Structure netwrok protein filaments and their functions helps maintain the shape and movements.

What are centrioles?

Structures in an animal cell that helps organize cell division.

Describe the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus.

The Golfi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the Er for storage in the cell.

Why is the cell membrane considered a fluid mosaic?

The cell membrane is made up of proteins, lipids, and sugars.

What is the function of the cell membrane?

The cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also protects and supports the cell.

What is the cytoplasm?

The cytoplasm is the fluid portion of the cell outside the nucleus and inside the cell membrane.

What is the nucleus?

The nucleus is a structure that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA and controls many of the cell's activities. *** Biggest organelle

What do vacuoles store?

Water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.

Do chloroplasts and mitochondria contain DNA? Do you get your mitochondria from you mom and dad? Why?

Yes they contain their own DNA. Your mom because you get your mitochondria from your mother.

Eukaryotes include animals, plants, .......... , and ........... .

fungi and protists