Chapter 7 - Life Span Development: ALL
Kidney function declines by _________________% between the ages of 20 and 90 years. - 15% - 60% - 50% - 32%
50%
The pulse rate of a child from ages 6 to 12 years is approximately: - 70 to 120 beats/min - 90 to 140 beats/min - 100 to 150 beats/min
70 to 120 beats/min
At present, the average life expectancy is ________ years, while the maximum life expectancy is estimated at ________ years. - 78 years, 120 years - 68 years, 100 years - 72 years, 1220 years
78, 120
The anterior fontanelle fuses together between the ages of: - 9 to 18 months - 6 to 8 months - 3 to 4 months
9 to 18 months
The low normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is: - 90 mm Hg. - 60 mm Hg - 70 mm Hg
90 mm Hg.
post conventional reasoning
A type of reasoning in which a child bases decisions on his or her conscience
conventional reasoning
A type of reasoning in which a child looks for approval from peers and society
Early adult
A young adult age 19 to 40 years
infant
A young child age 1 month to 1 year
High-risk behaviors usually peak during ________. - middle adulthood - young adulthood - adolescence - school age
adolescence
An infant's blood pressure typically increases with age because:
blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight.
barotrauma
Injury caused by pressure to enclosed body surfaces, for example, from too much pressure in the lungs
Age-related shrinkage of the brain increases the risk of ___________. - dementia - loss of motor control - forgetfulness - brain injury *pg. 254
brain injury
Children from 1 month to 1 year of age are called ________. - infants - neonates - newborns
infants
An infant or small toddler would MOST likely gain trust in a person who: - provides an organized, routine environment. - does not tower over him and avoids painful procedures
provides an organized, routine environment.
Infants often fall head first because ___________
their head is large and heavy in proportion to their body
What is the normal pulse rate for an infant?
100-160 beats per minute
Toddlers
A child age 1 to 3 years
Atherosclerosis
A disorder in which cholesterol and calcium build up insider the walls of the blood vessels, forming plaque, eventually leading to a partial or complete blockage of blood flow
Neonates
A newborn age birth to 1 month
school age
A person who is 6 to 12 years of age
preconventional reasoning
A type of reasoning in which a child acts almost purely to avoid punishment to get what he or she wants
Secondary sexual development occurs during _________________. - school age - adolescence
Adolescence
Middle adult
An adult age 41 to 60 years
Older adult
An adult age 61 years or older
sucking reflex
An infant reflex in which the infants starts sucking when his or her lips are stroked
Moro reflex
An infant reflex in which, when an infant is caught off guard, the infant opens his or her arms wide, spreads the fingers, and seems to grab at things
palmar grasp
An infant reflex that occurs when something is placed in the infant's palm; the infant grasps the object
Rooting Reflex
An infant reflex that occurs when something touches an infant's cheek, and the infant instinctively turns his or her head toward the touch
Which of the following statements regarding an infant's vital signs is correct? -An infant's normal body temperature is typically higher than a preschooler's. - An infant's heart rate generally ranges between 70 and 110 beats/min - By 6 months, an infant's normal tidal volume is 2 to 4 mL/kg
An infant's normal body temperature is typically higher than a preschooler's.
Which of the following is an anatomic difference between children and adults? - An infant's tongue is proportionately larger than an adult's - an infant's head accounts for less body weight than an adult's - the trachea of an infant is proportionately longer than an adult's
An infant's tongue is proportionately larger than an adult's
Which of the following statements regarding psychosocial development in the adolescent age group is correct? - Antisocial behavior and peer pressure peak around 14 to 16 years of age. - Family conflict decreases as the adolescent gains control of his or her own life
Antisocial behavior and peer pressure peak around 14 to 16 years of age.
fontanelles
Areas where the neonate's or infant's skull has not fused together; usually disappear at approximately 18 months of age
Which of the following statements regarding middle adults is correct? - Cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidence of cancer. - Increased cholesterol levels in the middle adult age group often do not respond to exercise and diet.
Cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidence of cancer.
adolescents
Children between 12 to 18 years of age.
Preschool-age
Children between ages 3 to 6 years
Which of the following statements regarding age-related changes in the nervous system is correct? - Interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge or skill, despite a loss of neurons. - Because of a decrease in the number of brain cells, a person's level of intelligence decreases with age - Because of a decrease in the number of brain cells, a person's level of intelligence decreases with age
Interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge or skill, despite a loss of neurons.
Trust and Mistrust
Refers to a stage of development from birth to approximately 18 months of age, during which infants gain trust of their parents or caregivers if their world is planned, organized, and routine
Life expectancy
The average number of years a person can be expected to live
Nephrons
The basic filtering units in the kidneys
Which of the following statements regarding toddlers and preschoolers is correct? - Toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience upper respiratory infections because of the loss of passive immunity. - Muscle mass and bone density decrease in toddlers and preschoolers because of increased physical activity.
Toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience upper respiratory infections because of the loss of passive immunity.
When you are communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that:
age-related changes diminish the effectiveness of the eyes and ears.
The decline in cardiac function that commonly occurs in late adulthood is MOST often related to: - atherosclerosis - kidney failure - hypotension - medication use *pg. 252
atherosclerosis
An infant's lungs are fragile, and providing bag-valve mask ventilations that are too forceful can result in trauma from pressure, or __________.
barotrauma
Breathing is often more labor intensive in older adults because the: - surface area of the alveoli increases - elasticity of the lungs decreases. - diaphragm and intercoastal muscles enlarge
elasticity of the lungs decreases.
You suspect that a 75-year-old man has internal injuries after he fell and struck his ribs and abdomen on the corner of a table. When assessing and treating an injured patient of this age, you must recall that: - his ability to physiologically compensate for his injury may be impaired due to an inability to increase cardiac output. - BP is usually adequately maintained because the blood vessels of older people can contract easily
his ability to physiologically compensate for his injury may be impaired due to an inability to increase cardiac output.
Diastolic blood pressure tends to _______________ with age. - increase - decrease - plateau
increase
Factors that contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elderly patient include all of the following, EXCEPT: - increased surface area available for air exchange. - decreased residual volume - a loss of respiratory muscles mass
increased surface area available for air exchange.
In late adults, the amount of air left in the lungs after expiration of the maximum amount of air: - increases, which hampers diffusion of gases because of the stagnant air that remains in the alveoli. - remains unchanged because the lungs have become accustomed to years of breathing pollution - decreases, which increases diffusion in the lungs and causes an accumulation of carbon dioxide *pg. 253
increases, which hampers diffusion of gases because of the stagnant air that remains in the alveoli.
Among elderly persons, ________ function in the 5 years preceding death is presumed to decline. - physical - mental - social
mental
Many effects of aging can be diminished by ___________. - regular exercise - varying the sleep cycle - avoiding prescription medications
regular exercise
_________ is a critical stage in the development of conscience-based decision making. - preschool age - young adulthood - school age - adolescence
school age
In contrast to secure attachment, anxious-avoidant attachment occurs when a child: - shows little emotional response to a parent or caregiver following repeated rejection - clings to a parent or caregiver because he or she knows that the person can be trusted
shows little emotional response to a parent or caregiver following repeated rejection
You are dispatched to a call for a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress. While you prepare to take care of this child, you must remember that:
small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times.