Chapter 7 - Life Span Development: ALL

Kidney function declines by _________________% between the ages of 20 and 90 years. - 15% - 60% - 50% - 32%

50%

The pulse rate of a child from ages 6 to 12 years is approximately: - 70 to 120 beats/min - 90 to 140 beats/min - 100 to 150 beats/min

70 to 120 beats/min

At present, the average life expectancy is ________ years, while the maximum life expectancy is estimated at ________ years. - 78 years, 120 years - 68 years, 100 years - 72 years, 1220 years

78, 120

The anterior fontanelle fuses together between the ages of: - 9 to 18 months - 6 to 8 months - 3 to 4 months

9 to 18 months

The low normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is: - 90 mm Hg. - 60 mm Hg - 70 mm Hg

90 mm Hg.

post conventional reasoning

A type of reasoning in which a child bases decisions on his or her conscience

conventional reasoning

A type of reasoning in which a child looks for approval from peers and society

Early adult

A young adult age 19 to 40 years

infant

A young child age 1 month to 1 year

High-risk behaviors usually peak during ________. - middle adulthood - young adulthood - adolescence - school age

adolescence

An infant's blood pressure typically increases with age because:

blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight.

barotrauma

Injury caused by pressure to enclosed body surfaces, for example, from too much pressure in the lungs

Age-related shrinkage of the brain increases the risk of ___________. - dementia - loss of motor control - forgetfulness - brain injury *pg. 254

brain injury

Children from 1 month to 1 year of age are called ________. - infants - neonates - newborns

infants

An infant or small toddler would MOST likely gain trust in a person who: - provides an organized, routine environment. - does not tower over him and avoids painful procedures

provides an organized, routine environment.

Infants often fall head first because ___________

their head is large and heavy in proportion to their body

What is the normal pulse rate for an infant?

100-160 beats per minute

Toddlers

A child age 1 to 3 years

Atherosclerosis

A disorder in which cholesterol and calcium build up insider the walls of the blood vessels, forming plaque, eventually leading to a partial or complete blockage of blood flow

Neonates

A newborn age birth to 1 month

school age

A person who is 6 to 12 years of age

preconventional reasoning

A type of reasoning in which a child acts almost purely to avoid punishment to get what he or she wants

Secondary sexual development occurs during _________________. - school age - adolescence

Adolescence

Middle adult

An adult age 41 to 60 years

Older adult

An adult age 61 years or older

sucking reflex

An infant reflex in which the infants starts sucking when his or her lips are stroked

Moro reflex

An infant reflex in which, when an infant is caught off guard, the infant opens his or her arms wide, spreads the fingers, and seems to grab at things

palmar grasp

An infant reflex that occurs when something is placed in the infant's palm; the infant grasps the object

Rooting Reflex

An infant reflex that occurs when something touches an infant's cheek, and the infant instinctively turns his or her head toward the touch

Which of the following statements regarding an infant's vital signs is correct? -An infant's normal body temperature is typically higher than a preschooler's. - An infant's heart rate generally ranges between 70 and 110 beats/min - By 6 months, an infant's normal tidal volume is 2 to 4 mL/kg

An infant's normal body temperature is typically higher than a preschooler's.

Which of the following is an anatomic difference between children and adults? - An infant's tongue is proportionately larger than an adult's - an infant's head accounts for less body weight than an adult's - the trachea of an infant is proportionately longer than an adult's

An infant's tongue is proportionately larger than an adult's

Which of the following statements regarding psychosocial development in the adolescent age group is correct? - Antisocial behavior and peer pressure peak around 14 to 16 years of age. - Family conflict decreases as the adolescent gains control of his or her own life

Antisocial behavior and peer pressure peak around 14 to 16 years of age.

fontanelles

Areas where the neonate's or infant's skull has not fused together; usually disappear at approximately 18 months of age

Which of the following statements regarding middle adults is correct? - Cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidence of cancer. - Increased cholesterol levels in the middle adult age group often do not respond to exercise and diet.

Cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidence of cancer.

adolescents

Children between 12 to 18 years of age.

Preschool-age

Children between ages 3 to 6 years

Which of the following statements regarding age-related changes in the nervous system is correct? - Interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge or skill, despite a loss of neurons. - Because of a decrease in the number of brain cells, a person's level of intelligence decreases with age - Because of a decrease in the number of brain cells, a person's level of intelligence decreases with age

Interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge or skill, despite a loss of neurons.

Trust and Mistrust

Refers to a stage of development from birth to approximately 18 months of age, during which infants gain trust of their parents or caregivers if their world is planned, organized, and routine

Life expectancy

The average number of years a person can be expected to live

Nephrons

The basic filtering units in the kidneys

Which of the following statements regarding toddlers and preschoolers is correct? - Toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience upper respiratory infections because of the loss of passive immunity. - Muscle mass and bone density decrease in toddlers and preschoolers because of increased physical activity.

Toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience upper respiratory infections because of the loss of passive immunity.

When you are communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that:

age-related changes diminish the effectiveness of the eyes and ears.

The decline in cardiac function that commonly occurs in late adulthood is MOST often related to: - atherosclerosis - kidney failure - hypotension - medication use *pg. 252

atherosclerosis

An infant's lungs are fragile, and providing bag-valve mask ventilations that are too forceful can result in trauma from pressure, or __________.

barotrauma

Breathing is often more labor intensive in older adults because the: - surface area of the alveoli increases - elasticity of the lungs decreases. - diaphragm and intercoastal muscles enlarge

elasticity of the lungs decreases.

You suspect that a 75-year-old man has internal injuries after he fell and struck his ribs and abdomen on the corner of a table. When assessing and treating an injured patient of this age, you must recall that: - his ability to physiologically compensate for his injury may be impaired due to an inability to increase cardiac output. - BP is usually adequately maintained because the blood vessels of older people can contract easily

his ability to physiologically compensate for his injury may be impaired due to an inability to increase cardiac output.

Diastolic blood pressure tends to _______________ with age. - increase - decrease - plateau

increase

Factors that contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elderly patient include all of the following, EXCEPT: - increased surface area available for air exchange. - decreased residual volume - a loss of respiratory muscles mass

increased surface area available for air exchange.

In late adults, the amount of air left in the lungs after expiration of the maximum amount of air: - increases, which hampers diffusion of gases because of the stagnant air that remains in the alveoli. - remains unchanged because the lungs have become accustomed to years of breathing pollution - decreases, which increases diffusion in the lungs and causes an accumulation of carbon dioxide *pg. 253

increases, which hampers diffusion of gases because of the stagnant air that remains in the alveoli.

Among elderly persons, ________ function in the 5 years preceding death is presumed to decline. - physical - mental - social

mental

Many effects of aging can be diminished by ___________. - regular exercise - varying the sleep cycle - avoiding prescription medications

regular exercise

_________ is a critical stage in the development of conscience-based decision making. - preschool age - young adulthood - school age - adolescence

school age

In contrast to secure attachment, anxious-avoidant attachment occurs when a child: - shows little emotional response to a parent or caregiver following repeated rejection - clings to a parent or caregiver because he or she knows that the person can be trusted

shows little emotional response to a parent or caregiver following repeated rejection

You are dispatched to a call for a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress. While you prepare to take care of this child, you must remember that:

small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times.