Chapter: 7: Listening

HURIER model:

A model of effective listening that involves hearing, understanding, remembering, interpreting, evaluating, and responding.

Regarding probability, which of the following statements is true? a. A statement is certain if its likelihood of being true is at least 95%. b. To be possible, a statement has to have greater than a 50% chance of being true. c. A statement is possible if there is even the slightest chance, however small, that it might be true. d. No statement has a 0% chance of being true.

A statement is possible if there is even the slightest chance, however small, that it might be true.

According to your text, this could qualify as noise: a. loud music b. feeling hungry c. being too hot d. all of the above

All of the above

The vividness effect is the tendency of dramatic, shocking events to distort our perceptions of reality.

Answer: True

The tendency to pay attention only to information that supports our values and beliefs is called what?

Confirmation bias

In the HURIER model of effective listening, the "I" stands for what?

Interpreting

Which of the following statements is true about being skeptical?

It is about evaluating evidence for a claim

The active process of making meaning out of another person's spoken message:

Listening

Empathic listening:

Listening in order to experience what another person is thinking or feeling perhaps the most challenging form of listening

Rachel finished her oral exam in her Spanish class and her teacher, Señora Lopez, evaluated her performance. Although Rachel did well on the exam and most of Señora Lopez's comments were positive, Rachel only focused on the negative critiques and felt very bad about her performance. Rachel just engaged in which of the following behaviors? a. pseudolistening b. content-oriented listening c. selective attention d. negative attention bias

Selective attention

Skepticism:

The practice of evaluating the evidence for a claim.

Hearing is a passive process; listening is an active process.

True

Information overload can impair our ability to listen effectively.

True

Part of effective listening is responding appropriately to what you hear.

True

The average person speaks less than 150 words per minute.

True

pseudolistening:

Using feedback behaviors to give the false impression that one is listening

Which of the following techniques will NOT help people improve their empathic skills? a. listening non-judgmentally to the speaker b. acknowledging the speaker's feelings c. encouraging the speaker to focus on what he or she still has, instead of what was lost d. communicating support to the speaker nonverbally

encouraging the speaker to focus on what he or she still has, instead of what was lost

A(n) _________________ is a memory aid that helps people recall important information.

mnemonic device

Stages of Effective Listening:

→Hearing: Physically perceiving sound →Understanding: Comprehending the words we have heard →Remembering: Storing idea in memory →Interpreting: Assigning meaning to what we've heard →Evaluating: Judging the speaker's credibility and intention →Responding: Indicating that we are listening

Types of Listening:

→Informational listening →Critical listening →Empathic listening →Other types of listening

Some Misconceptions About Listening:

→MYTH: Hearing is the same as listening →MYTH: Listening is natural and effortless →MYTH: All listeners hear the same message

Effective empathic listening requires two skills:

→Perspective taking: is the ability to understand a situation from another individual's point of view →Empathic concern: is the ability to identify how someone else is feeling and then experience those feelings yourself

Seven types of listening responses, arranged in order from the most passive to the most active strategies:

→Stonewalling →Backchanneling →Paraphrasing →Emphasizing →Supporting →Analyzing →Advising

What is Listening?

→The active process of making meaning out of another person's spoken message >Listening is an active process of paying attention to a sound, assigning meaning to it, and responding to it. Hearing is physical, listening needs effort

On average, we are able to remember about ________ of what we hear.

25%

Other types of listening:

>Inspirational listening >Appreciative listening ✽ When it comes to interpersonal interaction, however, informational, critical, and empathic listening are often the most common and most important types

Selective attention:

>Listening only to what one wants to hear >you listen to what you like to hear

Critical listening: Evaluative listening

>Listening with the goal of evaluating or analyzing what one hears >someone that makes connection between the facts and the outcomes >Critical listeners are able to differentiate fats aan non facts >you have to be a critical reader

The importance of listening effectively:

>The ability of listen effectively is important to our success in a variety of contexts >Listening well doesn't affect just our relationships; it also has implications for our physical health.

Which type of listening response includes the use of head nods, facial expressions, and short utterances such as "uh-huh" that signal your interest to the speaker?

Backchanneling

Glazing over:

Daydreaming during the time not spent listening

Listening to someone doesn't necessarily mean you're listening effectively

Effective listening involves listening with the conscious and explicit goal of understanding what the speaker is attempting to communicate.

This form of listening occurs when you are trying to experience what another person is thinking or feeling:

Empathic // critical (check later)

Critical listening is more passive than informational listening

False

Listening styles:

1-People-oriented style: this style emphasizes concern for other people's emotions and interests 2-Action-oriented style: This style emphasizes organization and precision 3-Content-oriented style: This style emphasizes intellectual challenges. 4-Time-oriented style: This style emphasizes efficiency.

Dan is an atheist with a keen interest in politics. Whenever Dan is watching a debate and one of the candidates mentions his or her belief or interest in God, he stops listening to that candidate. Sometimes, he'll even change his vote if a candidate he likes mentions God too frequently. Which of the following listening barriers describes Dan? a. rebuttal tendency b. closed-mindedness c. attack listening d. information overload

Closed Mindedness

This type of listener engages messages for the intellectual challenges; in other words, he or she likes to think things through:

Content-oriented listener

Which of the following statements about credibility is NOT true? a. Credibility is a measure of how reliable and trustworthy someone is. b. Experience and expertise are the same thing. c. Biases can affect a speaker's credibility. d. Sometimes research is necessary to determine someone's credibility.

Experience and expertise are the same thing.

Empathic listening means feeling sorry for someone else.

False

Listening non-judgmentally is important for effective critical listening.

False

Research indicates that most people spend more time talking than listening.

False

Research shows that most interruptions are competitive.

False

The evaluation stage of listening involves making a value judgment about the merits of what someone else has said.

False

Informational listening:

Listening to learn something

According to your text, which of the following statements correctly represents the two parts of interpretation?

Pay attention to all of the speaker's

Statement about listening

People spend more time listening than speaking

Asking follow-up questions to confirm our interpretations of someone else's statements is a strategy for:

Separating what is said from what isn't said

information overload:

The state of being overwhelmed by the amount of information one takes in

vividness effect:

The tendency for dramatic, shocking events to distort one's perception of reality

Closed-mindedness:

The tendency not to listen to anything with which one disagrees

Rebuttal tendency:

The tendency to debate a speaker's point and formulate a reply while the person is still speaking

Confirmation bias:

The tendency to pay attention only to information that supports one's values and belief's while discounting or ignoring information that doesn't. Confirms to the things i believe in (msln we listen to ppl talking about Korea, we are interested not in other topics)

How is pseudolistening related to glazing over?

You're actually listening during glazing over, but not during pseudolistening

According to your textbook, people might interrupt for all of the following reasons except: . a. to qualify a speaker's concerns b. to take control of the conversation c. to express enthusiasm for what the speaker is saying d. to stop the speaker and ask for clarification

a

5. After a lengthy meeting with the boss and several of his coworkers, Alex asked his friend Jeff if he was concerned about the number of layoffs that his boss said were coming. Jeff looked puzzled for a moment before telling Alex that he wasn't sure when exactly their boss had said to expect layoffs. That exchange reflects which of the following myths of listening? a. All listeners hear the same thing. b. Listening is natural and effortless. c. Hearing is the same as listening. d. People vividly recall information that they hear.

a. All listeners hear the same thing.

Which of the following statements about the importance of listening is not true? a. Employers tend to rank listening skills as the most important factor in effective management. b. A survey of family interaction showed that listening was the most important communication skill. c. Listening has little to no effect on our physical health beyond avoiding sounds that may induce hearing loss. d. Listening skills are important in the workplace for promoting safety, productivity, and satisfaction.

c. Listening has little to no effect on our physical health beyond avoiding sounds that may induce hearing loss.

Competitive interrupting:

using interruptions to take control of a conversation

Becoming a better critical listener:

➢Be a skeptic ➢Evaluate a speaker's credibility ➢Understand probability

Becoming a better empathic listener:

➢Listen non-judgmentally ➢Acknowledge feelings ➢Communicate support nonverbally

Becoming a better informational listener:

➢Separate what is and isn't said ➢Avoid the confirmation bias ➢Listen for substance more than for style

A study conducted by communication researchers Kathryn Dindia and Bonnie Kennedy concluded that college students:

➢Spend as much time listening as they do engaging in all other communication activities combined ➢Spend about 20% of their time speaking ➢Spend about 13% of their time reading

Effective listening:

➢When we are understanding complex messages (understanding the purpose, subpoints, thesis...) ➢when u can remember and identify the key points presented ➢When you speak support it with examples... ➢When it comes to listening, kit requires effort, in our lifetime we usually spend more time listening than speaking ➢When we say listen