CHAPTER 7

Illusions such as the Ponzo illusion and the moon illusion work by manipulating ______.

depth cues

Holway and Boring (1941) studied size-distance invariance. They found that without depth cues, participants judged all objects to be ______.

equal in size

What shape are the walls and windows in the Ames room illusion?

trapezoids

Which term describes the type of disparity for objects farther from the viewer than the horopter?

uncrossed disparity

Which of the following presents the greatest challenge to size perception?

unfamiliar distances

Which of the following presents the biggest challenge to our perception of size constancy?

viewing the object without context

What causes an object viewed with two eyes to appear double?

too much disparity

Which of the following best illustrates size constancy?

Ed sees a bicycle two blocks away and assumes it is roughly the same size as his own bike.

Accommodation is believed to play a central role in depth perception.

False

Adriane is able to look at stereograms without a stereoscope. What must be true about Adriane?

She can control the convergence movements of her eyes.

As an object moves away from you, its visual angle on the retina decreases.

True

Researchers continue to debate why the Müller-Lyer illusions works as it does.

True

The correspondence problem describes how the visual system determines which object's image in one eye matches the same object's image in the other eye.

True

What happens to our vision when we look at an object outside of Panum's area?

We see two images of the object.

What is one way that the process of accommodation can provide information about depth?

We sense the movement associated with contracting and relaxing ciliary muscles.

You have been reading a book. You glance up and focus on an airplane flying overhead. What happens as your focus shifts from the book to the airplane?

Your lenses relax.

How do researchers assess stereopsis in infants?

by seeing if they prefer 3D images over 2D images

The cue approach to depth perception suggests that we judge depth by ______.

combining information to make an inference

Monocular depth cues drawn from static images are known as ______ cues.

pictorial

Raj looks at a painting of a landscape showing a couple having a picnic. He notices smaller human figures on a hill in the background. Raj is most likely to perceive these background figures as being ______ the picnickers.

roughly the same size as, but farther away than