Chapter 7 Nutrition

Vitamin C deficiency may lead to scurvy yet can be prevented by ingesting as little as ______ mg vitamin C per day.

10

Which B vitamin is critical for cell replication and proper nerve functioning? a. choline b. B12 c. folate d. B6

b. B12

B12 supplements mask a folate deficiency. a. True b. False

b. False

Vitamin B12 and ______ help cells mutliply

folate

A vitamin is defined as an essential, non-caloric, organic nutrient needed in ______ amounts in the diet

tiny

The adult Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for vitamin C is ______ mg for men and ______ mg for women

90 75

Deficiency in the water-soluble vitamins, ______ and ______, contribute to anemia, and a deficiency in ______ causes pellagra.

B12 folate niacin

______ is the nonfood source that can produce vitamin K making a deficiency in humans unlikely

Intestinal bacteria

______ should increase their intake of vitamin C because they typically have low vitamin C blood concentration

Smokers

Which vitamin supplement is known to cause malformations of a fetus? a. vitamin A b. vitamin C c. vitamin K d. vitamin B12 e. thiamin

a. vitamin A

All the following are characteristics of the water-soluble vitamins EXCEPT which one? a. Overconsumption of food sources should be monitored because the vitamins can accumulate leading to toxicity. b. Foods that supply the water-soluble vitamins must be consumed frequently. c. Easily absorbed and excreted from the body. d. Easily lost or destroyed in food preparation and processing.

a. Overconsumption of food sources should be monitored because the vitamins can accumulate leading to toxicity.

Which of the following is true regarding vitamin C? a. Research has shown there is no significant relationship between vitamin C supplementation and cold prevention. b. Vitamin C toxicity results in bleeding gums and poor wound healing. c. Daily sun nourishment provides enough vitamin C to maintain bone health. d. Vitamin C is a necessary vitamin for a pregnant mother to take for proper fetal growth. e. Women must ingest 15 mg/day of vitamin C compared to men.

a. Research has shown there is no significant relationship between vitamin C supplementation and cold prevention.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the fat-soluble vitamins? a. Toxicities are unlikely, even when taking supplements. b. The fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed similarly to fat absorption. c. They are stored in the liver and fatty tissues. d. They are not readily excreted and tend to build up in tissues.

a. Toxicities are unlikely, even when taking supplements.

Active forms of vitamin A that are readily absorbed in the body are only found in foods derived from animals. a. True b. False

a. True

Which statement regarding water-soluble vitamins is FALSE? a. Water-soluble vitamins are easily absorbed and stored in the liver. b. Foods never deliver toxic doses of the water-soluble vitamins. c. Water-soluble vitamins are easily excreted in the urine. d. Some water-soluble vitamins are destroyed when exposed to light, heat, or oxygen during processing. e. Water-soluble vitamins easily dissolve and drain away with cooking water.

a. Water-soluble vitamins are easily absorbed and stored in the liver.

All of the following are functions of vitamin C EXCEPT which one? a. cell differentiation b. antioxidant c. boosting iron absorption d. collagen synthesis

a. cell differentiation

The role of many vitamins is to help make possible the processes by which other nutrients are digested and ______.

absorbed

What is the main function of vitamin K? a. Transport protein around the body. b. Help blood to clot. c. Restore the integrity of the cell membrane. d. Provide energy for cells.

b. Help blood to clot.

While reading the labels of five vitamin supplements you see one of the words, phrases, or symbols listed below each label. Which vitamin supplement is the best choice for you? a. organic b. USP c. stress formula d. high potency e. all natural

b. USP

All of the following are good food sources of vitamin D EXCEPT: a. tuna. b. citrus fruits. c. salmon. d. fortified milk.

b. citrus fruits.

A woman who is on a low-carbohydrate diet for weight loss may have difficulty maintaining an adequate level of the B vitamins thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folate. What characteristic of her diet would cause this? a. exclusion of starchy vegetables b. exclusion of grains and cereals c. exclusion of fruits d. exclusion of meat and fat e. exclusion of dairy

b. exclusion of grains and cereals

Which symptom is not associated with vitamin B deficiency? a. nausea b. increased appetite c. forgetfulness d. muscle pain e. irritability

b. increased appetite

Choose the situation that decreases the body's ability to make vitamin D. a. lighter skin b. living in the northern United States c. living in a warmer climate d. young age

b. living in the northern United States

Which deficiency disease is attributed to a lack of vitamin C? a. rickets b. scurvy c. pellagra d. beriberi

b. scurvy

What is the primary food source of vitamin E for Americans? a. green vegetables b. vegetable oils c. dairy d. citrus fruits

b. vegetable oils

You have a friend who eats a lot of highly processed foods, fast foods, and convenience foods, but does drink fortified milk. What type of deficiency is your friend at risk for developing? a. vitamin A b. vitamin E c. vitamin D d. riboflavin e. thiamin

b. vitamin E

The plant-derived precursor to vitamin A is ______

beta-carotene

Deficiencies in __________ can result in anemia, reduced immunity, and abnormal digestive function. This vitamin is a coenzyme important in synthesizing new cells. a. riboflavin b. niacin c. folate d. vitamin C e. thiamin

c. folate

Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin necessary for the synthesis of proteins involved in ______ and bone formation. It can be obtained from intestinal ______, a nonfood source. Unfortunately, vitamin K deficiencies may occur in ______ because they are most likely to have sterile intestinal tracts

blood clotting bacteria infants

Which of the following are classified as water-soluble vitamins? a. A, E vitamins b. A, D, E, K vitamins c. Bs, C vitamins d. A, Bs, K, D vitamins e. Bs, C, D, E vitamins

c. Bs, C vitamins

The following steps will help prevent vitamin losses EXCEPT which one? a. Store milk in opaque containers. b. Wash intact fruit and vegetable before cutting or peeling. c. Cook vegetables at high temperatures to retain vitamin content. d. Refrigerate most fruits and vegetables to slow down vitamin losses.

c. Cook vegetables at high temperatures to retain vitamin content.

All of these statements are true EXCEPT which one? a. Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble. b. Fat-soluble vitamins require bile to be absorbed in the body. c. Vitamins are essential, caloric nutrients that are needed in tiny amounts. d. Fat-soluble vitamins are stored, and therefore overconsumption may lead to toxicity.

c. Vitamins are essential, caloric nutrients that are needed in tiny amounts.

Which specific B vitamin is critical for energy metabolism and nerve cell membranes? Deficiency in this vitamin leads to Beriberi. a. niacin b. vitamin B12 c. thiamin d. folate e. riboflavin

c. thiamin

What is found in green and leafy vegetables, helps stabilize cellular membranes, and supports immune function? a. riboflavin b. vitamin K c. vitamin E d. vitamin A e. vitamin C

c. vitamin E

Which of the fat-soluble vitamins were originally named tocopherol? a. vitamin K b. vitamin A c. vitamin E d. vitamin D

c. vitamin E

Which of the fat-soluble vitamins works as an antioxidant? a. vitamin D b. vitamin A c. vitamin K d. vitamin E

d. vitamin E

A neighbor has asked you for advice on what to eat to increase her folate intake. However, she is vegetarian. Which of the following food items would you suggest to best suit her needs? a. ¾ cup orange juice b. ½ cup cooked broccoli c. ½ cup cooked spinach d. 1 small apple e. beef liver

c. ½ cup cooked spinach

Which food item has the highest amount of vitamin C? a. ½ cup carrots b. 1 cup yogurt c. ½ cup sweet red pepper d. 1 ounce steak e. ½ cup rice

c. ½ cup sweet red pepper

Vitamin D is not an essential nutrient if sufficient sunlight is met. We need vitamin D to help regulate blood ______ and phosphorus to maintain ______ integrity

calcium bone

The B vitamins mainly function as ______ that are necessary for enzymes to be activated

coenzymes

Which statement is true of vitamin C? a. Vitamin C is stored in fat. b. Vitamin C impedes the absorption of iron in food. c. Vitamin C is challenging to obtain from food. d. Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant.

d. Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant.

What are the fat-soluble vitamins? a. All the B vitamins and vitamin C b. B6, B12, and vitamin C c. Vitamins A and E, thiamin, and niacin d. Vitamins A, D, E, and K

d. Vitamins A, D, E, and K

Which characteristic is LEAST likely to apply to a fat-soluble vitamin? a. requires bile for absorption b. toxic in excess c. dissolves in lipids d. easily absorbed and excreted in urine e. commonly found in foods that contain fat

d. easily absorbed and excreted in urine

To make new cells, tissues must have which vitamin? a. riboflavin b. thiamin c. niacin d. folate

d. folate

Which of the following is NOT a major function of vitamin A? a. cell differentiation b. reproduction and growth c. immune function d. muscle contraction and nerve transmission

d. muscle contraction and nerve transmission

The need for vitamin E rises as people consume more of what because it requires antioxidant protection by the vitamin? a. meat b. saturated fat c. fried food d. polyunsaturated fat e. trans fat

d. polyunsaturated fat

What is the active form of vitamin A? It is made from beta-carotene and is stored in specialized liver cells in animals and humans. a. rhodopsin b. keratin c. collagen d. retinol e. thiamin

d. retinol

Your teammate claims he is feeling very fatigued and has a bit of numbness in his legs so he is unable to make it to practice today. He also told you he recently found out he is lactose intolerant and has not been ingesting any dairy products. Which vitamin deficiency is he most likely suffering from? a. folate b. thiamin c. riboflavin d. vitamin B12 e. niacin

d. vitamin B12

Which vitamin is mismatched with its deficiency? a. niacin - pellagra b. vitamin K - excessive bleeding c. thiamin - beriberi d. vitamin D - pernicious anemia e. vitamin C - scurvy

d. vitamin D - pernicious anemia

An estimated 5 million of the world's children, ages 3-5 years old, suffer from signs of vitamin _____ deficiency resulting in night blindness, diarrhea, and loss of appetite. a. D b. B12 c. C d. E e. A

e. A

Which vitamin's main role is to help activate proteins that help blood clot? a. beta-carotene b. D c. E d. C e. K

e. K

If you eat a food that contains a large dose of thiamin and riboflavin, what will most likely happen to the thiamin and riboflavin? a. They will promote the production of red blood cells. b. They will be stored in fat cells, which can lead to toxicity. c. They will be stored in the body tissues for later use as needed. d. They will increase destruction of free radicals in the body. e. They will be excreted if not used on the day they are absorbed.

e. They will be excreted if not used on the day they are absorbed.

Current recommendations for fruit and vegetable intakes are for us to consume a variety from each category on a daily basis. What are the two vitamins that are abundant in leafy greens and citrus fruits, as well as other fruits and vegetables? a. vitamin A and vitamin E b. riboflavin and vitamin K c. thiamin and vitamin C d. vitamin B12 and thiamin e. folate and vitamin C

e. folate and vitamin C

Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to cases of rickets in the United States? a. dark skin pigmentation b. use of UV-blocking sunscreen c. a preference for soft drinks over milk in adolescents d. increased time spent indoors e. increased physical activity in organized sports

e. increased physical activity in organized sports

Which individual has a valid reason to take a vitamin/mineral supplement? a. someone who is stressed and does not get enough exercise b. someone who believes that food grown on today's soils lack nutrients c. someone who is feeling tired and wants a supplement to provide energy d. someone who does not like to eat vegetables e. someone who is addicted to drugs or alcohol

e. someone who is addicted to drugs or alcohol

A good friend has confided in you that he has been experiencing appetite loss, nausea, vomiting, increased urination, and thirst. He is worried because his medical examination revealed that calcium has been deposited in his blood vessels and kidneys. Based on these signs and symptoms, what do you suspect your friend has been taking? a. vitamin A b. vitamin E c. vitamin K d. vitamin B12 e. vitamin D

e. vitamin D

The nutrient needed for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins is ______

fat

Some of the vitamins are ______, such as vitamin A, D, E and K.

fat soluble

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are all ______. This means they are absorbed in the ______ prior to entering the bloodstream. They are ______ within the body and intake is required on a ______ basis

fat soluble lymph stored weekly

Large doses of ______, a water-soluble vitamin, have been prescribed to help improve blood lipids associated with cardiovascular disease

niacin

Compounds that when consumed are converted into active vitamins are ______, also called provitamines

precursors

Vitamin A and ______ are fat-soluble vitamins that act like hormones

vitamin D

When exposed to sunlight, the skin makes ______

vitamin D

Other vitamins are ______ and easily travel through the blood stream

water soluble

The B vitamins and vitamin C are collectively known as the ______ vitamins.

water soluble