Chapter 7 Psy
Carla is a first-semester freshman at State University. She succeeded in high school by cramming for exams and relying on parental pressure to get homework done. Now, however, she is finding that these strategies are no longer viable ways to succeed. According to the text, Carla should _____.
"think outside the box" in order to succeed in college
A 6-year-old child with a mental age of six would have an IQ of
100
A child with a mental age of 9 and a chronological age of 12 has an IQ of
75
A(n) ___ is a strategy that guarantees a solution to a problem
Algorithm
The ability to analyze, judge, evaluate, compare, and contrast are characteristics of _____ intelligence.
Analytical
Intellectual disability is a condition of limited mental ability in which an individual has an IQ of ____ and has difficulty adapting to everyday life
Below 70
____ occurs when a group of people openly throw out a range of possible solutions to a problem, even some that might seem crazy
Brainstorming
____ are mental categories used to group objects, events, and characteristics
Concepts
____ involves the ability to think about something in novel and unusual ways and to devise unconventional solutions to problems
Creativity
Dr. Ambrose is administering an intelligence test, and one question asks, "During what month of the year does the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) basketball championship games start?" Students from various groups within the U.S., as well as students from other countries, may have problems with this question because it is probably
Culturally biased
____ involves reasoning from a general case that we know to be true to a specific instance
Deductive reasoning
Your roommate argues that computers can perform several complex tasks better and more accurately than humans. You counter her argument with the mention of _____, a task that only humans can perform.
Developing new learning goals
Which of the following is the first step in the problem-solving process
Find and frame problems
Malcom has an IQ of 140. He has skipped three grades and is a straight A student with superior verbal and mathematical talent. Psychologists would most likely consider Malcom to be
Gifted
____ is the tendency to report falsely, after the fact, that we accurately predicted an outcome. It's sometimes referred to as the "I knew it all along effect"
Hindsight bias
Psychological research involves studying a sample of participants in order to draw conclusions about the population from which the sample is drawn. This is an example of ___.
Inductive reasoning
Which of the following is true of babbling
It is determined by biological readiness.
Which of the following characteristics is essential to the process of critical thinking
Mindfulness and open-mindedness
_____ refers to a language's rules for word formation whereas ____ refer to the meaning of words and sentences
Morphology/Semantics
_____ is a language's sound system
Phonology
According to ____, when people evaluate whether a particular object reflects a certain concept, they compare the most typical item(s) in that category and look for a "family resemblance" with that item's properties
Prototype model
According to ___ there are three forms of intelligence whereas according to ____ there are nine types of intelligence
Sternberg's triarchic theory/Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences
____ refers to a language's rules for combining words to form acceptable phrases and sentences
Syntax
In the US, intelligence is defined as
an all-purpose ability to do well on cognitive tasks, to solve problems, and to learn from experience
Mindfulness involves _____.
being alert and mentally present for one's everyday activities
Recognizing problems involves _____.
being aware of and open to experiences
Creative people engage in
both convergent thinking and divergent thinking
___ is an individual's level of mental development relative to that of others
mental age
Cognitive psychology is the study of
mental processes
You have to cook dinner for 30 people on Saturday. Your apartment is a mess and you have nothing to wear. You decide to do your laundry Thursday night, buy the groceries on Friday, clean the apartment Saturday morning, and cook the dinner Saturday evening. Preparing for the dinner party in this way is an example of _____.
subgoaling
If a child's mental age is higher than her chronological age, this means that
the child's IQ is above average
