Chapter 7 PSY HW (Thinking)

Choose the statement that is true about expertise, culture, and concepts. A. What a person considers basic depends on the level of expertise and that person's cultural background. B. Psychologists often organize concepts into two levels. C. People of Asian descent and people of European descent often show striking similarities in how they organize items into concepts. D. Concept organization is largely similar across cultures with only minute differences.

A

Cognition is described as the: A. functioning of the brain with information. B. strategy in which a person uses logic to deduce the single best solution C. notion that each person possesses two separate types of thinking. D. capacity to come up with original ideas or approaches to a problem.

A

Luli is at a restaurant and uses a goal-based concept. Select the group of objects she could have used for the grouping. A. a knife, a fork, and a spoon B. her napkin, a tablecloth, and a server's washcloth C. her bill, her debit card, and the cashier D. a table, the floor, and the ceiling

A

A tendency to prefer information that supports what a person thought in the first place is: A. confirmation bias. B. affective forecasting. C. dual-process theory. D. framing.

A

An example of Type _____ thinking is when Meghan begins chewing her food when she puts a bite into her mouth, because her response is _____. A. 1; fast and automatic, and happened without her full awareness B. 1; slow, effortful, logical, and under her control C. 2; slow, effortful, logical, and under her control D. 2; fast and automatic, and happened without her full awareness

A

Which action is an example of Type 1 thinking? A. Jane makes a move in a chess game. B. Tami answers her cell phone when it rings. C. Bruce makes a list of things to buy at the store. D. Daniella composes her next blog post.

B

Alberta is at the zoo and groups together penguins, polar bears, and seals. Select the type of concept she used. A. subjective-based B. goal-based C. feature-based D. relationship-based

D

Which action is an example of Type 1 thinking? A. Candace writes a poem. B. Norma goes to work early for a meeting. C. Scott gives his sister a birthday gift. D. Napier protects his face from a baseball hit right at him.

D

While at the grocery store, Sabi uses a relationship-based concept to group which set of objects? A. shirts, tank tops, and sweatshirts B. jackets, overcoats, and sweaters C. shoes, sandals, and boots D. gloves, rings, and bracelets

D

______ is an educated guess based on the information that most quickly and easily comes to mind. A. The anchoring heuristic B. The representativeness heuristic C. The affect heuristic D. The availability heuristic

D

Which statement is NOT true about creativity and culture? A. The number of patents per capita is higher in cultures with high collectivism. B. Individualism may facilitate creative ideas but it doesn't necessarily facilitate implementation of those ideas. C. People who experience multiple cultures or speak multiple languages have diverse experiences that help them think in multiple ways. D. People who experience multiple cultures or speak multiple languages are relatively high in creativity.

A

Which term describes an educated guess based on similarity to a prototype? A. representativeness heuristic B. anchoring heuristic C. availability heuristic D. affect heuristic

A

While at the hardware store, in order to group wiring and pipes, Tricia uses a _____ concept. A. goal-based B. feature-based C. relationship-based D. subjective-based

A

A mental set is BEST described as: A. the most typical or best example within a concept. B. a person's limits placed on problem-solving approaches based on what has worked in the past. C. a formula-like method of problem solving. D. a mental representation of a category of similar things, actions, or people.

B

A person's limits placed on problem-solving approaches based on what has worked in the past is a(n): A. prototype. B. mental set. C. algorithm. D. heuristic.

B

A(n) _____ is a formula-like method of problem solving. A. mental set B. algorithm C. heuristic D. concept

B

Feature-based concepts are the types that: A. group the same connection between people or things. B. group similar features or characteristics together. C. can be exemplified by cash, checks, and gift cards. D. group the same goal or purpose together.

B

Identify the statement that is NOT true about cognition. A. Cognition is something a person does continuously. B. Cognition is distinctly human. C. Cognition includes understanding, organizing, analyzing, and communicating information. D. Cognition is what the brain does with information.

B

Which is true about divergent thinking? A. People using it would likely conclude that bricks are for building houses. B. It most likely led to the creation of the Bounce Imaging Explorer. C. It is a problem-solving strategy in which logic is used to deduce the single best solution. D. It is most evident in the late part of the creative process when the goal is to refine and review an idea.

B

Reilly returns a purchase she didn't need. This is Type _____ thinking because her response is _____. A. 1; slow, effortful, logical, and under her control B. 2; fast and automatic, and happened without her full awareness C. 2; slow, effortful, logical, and under her control D. 1; fast and automatic, and happened without her full awareness

C

The use of cognition to find a way to achieve a goal is: A. confirmation bias. B. decision making. C. problem solving. D. framing.

C

Which statement defines the term representativeness heuristic? A. The representativeness heuristic is an educated guess in which the starting point has a strong influence on the conclusion that is ultimately reached. B. The representativeness heuristic is an educated guess based on the information that most quickly and easily comes to mind. C. The representativeness heuristic is an educated guess based on similarity to a prototype. D. The representativeness heuristic is an educated guess in which the worth of something is strongly influenced by how a person feels toward it.

C

Which term refers to the notion that each person possesses two separate types of thinking? A. cognition B. convergent thinking C. dual-process theory D. problem solving

C

While at the zoo, in order to group penguins, eagles, and parrots, Carter uses a ______ concept. A. goal-based B. relationship-based C. feature-based D. cognitive-based

C