Chapter 7

अब Quizwiz के साथ अपने होमवर्क और परीक्षाओं को एस करें!

The electron transport chain uses energy carried by _____ to generate a proton gradient that can drive ATP synthesis

NADH and FADH2

inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase

NADH

Three true statements about the Krebs cycle are

One molecule of ATP is produced, Four pairs of electrons are removed, and a 2-csrbon group from acetyl-CoA enters the cycle

In eukaryotic cells, which of the following metabolic pathways occur in the mitochondria?

Pyruvate oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation, and the Krebs cycle

These are end products of glycolysis

Pyruvate, ATP, NADH

The process which eukaryotic cells harvest energy from organic compounds is termed ________ ________

cellular respiration

inhibits phosphofructokinase

citrate

Electrons that are removed from C-H bonds of glucose during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle are donated to

electron carriers

When NAD+ is reduced, it accepts two _____ and one ______

electrons , proton

The energy pathway in organisms un which glucose is converted into pyruvate molecules to yield two ATP molecules is called

glycolysis

The reactions of energy metabolism in which energy is harvested from organic molecules are ______ reactions

oxidation

The two reactions involved in a redox reaction are ________ and _______

oxidations and reductions

The ATP produced as a result of the proton gradient established by the electron transport chain is the result of

oxidative phosphorylation

The same amount of energy is released when a glucose molecule is ______ in a living cell, as when it is burned

oxidized

During oxidative phosphorylation, NADH and FADH2 are oxidized, the final electron acceptor is ______, and _____ is ultimately stored in molecules of ATP

oxygen, energy

The goal of cellular respiration is

the oxidation of organic compounds to extract energy, and the complete oxidation of glucose

These are produced with 1 turn of the Krebs cycle

1 FADH2, 1 ATP, 3 NADH, 2 molecules of CO2

The P/O ratio takes into account the fact that there are ___ protons pumped across the membrane per NADH and ____ pumped across the membrane per FADH2 in the electron transport chain

10 , 6

How many ATP molecules are consumed during the priming reactions of glycolysis for 1 molecule of glucose?

2

ADP is phosphorylated to form

ATP

Molecule that is considered to be the energy currency of the cell and is used to do work

ATP

The primary aim of cellular respiration is to produce

ATP

inhibits phosphoftuctokinase. citrate synthetase,and oyruvate dehydrogenase

ATP

Which are reversibly oxidized and reduced during cellular respiration?

FAD, NAD+

Processes that need to occur in order to release carbon atoms from pyruvate in the form of carbon dioxide

Krebs cycle, and acetyl-CoA production

The purpose of fermentation is to recycle

NAD+

Structural components of the electron transport chain are

Protein complexes, Ubiquinone, and Cytochrome c

Unlike heterotrophs, many autotrophs can use energy from what source to synthesize organic compounds?

Sunlight

How did cellular respiration evolve?

The different steps in cellular respiration evolved over time

During lactic acid fermentation, the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase does which of the following?

Transfers electrons from NADH to pyruvate

During the breakdown of glucose, why is it beneficial to release energy a little at a time rather than all at once?

When energy is released a little at a time, cells can recover more energy in a useful form

Produces ATP using oxygen as a final electron acceptor

aerobic respiration

Produces ATP using inorganic substances other than oxygen as final electron acceptors

anaerobic respiration

plants and algae are

autotrophs

In terms of obtaining energy, plants are ________, and animals are _________.

autotrophs, heterotrophs

Which of the following molecules in food are used as energy sources by living organisms?

carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

The Krebs cycle and the conversion of pryuvate to acetyl-CoA produce

carbon dioxide

The Krebs cycle begins with the formation of ______ acid, which then undergoes several reactions to produce succinate. In the process, 2 carbon atoms are lost as CO2, and 3 molecules of ______ and 1 molecule of ATP are produced

citric , NADH

In prokaryotes the location of pyruvate oxidation takes place in the ________

cytoplasm

While glycolysis occurs in the ____ of eukaryotic cells, the extraction of the remaining energy from pyruvates during aerobic respiration occurs in the ______ of eukaryotic cells.

cytosol, mitochondria

After proteins are broken down into amino acids, the removal of nitrogen-containing side group is called

deamination

Pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl-CoA and CO2 by an enzyme called pyruvate ___________

dehydrogenase

The process of cellular respiration is how living cells obtain _____ from organic molecules

energy

Reduces organic molecules to recycle NAD+ so glycolysis can continue to produce ATP in the absence of oxygen

fermentation

During glycolysis, _____ is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, driving the synthesis of ATP

glucose

Energy is ________ during the first phase of glycolysis in order to prime glucose for the exergonic reactions to follow

invested

in eukaryotes the location of pyruvate oxidation takes place in the ________

mitochondria

In eukaryotic cells, the Krebs cycle occurs in the _________ matrix

mitochondrial

What is the main function of oxidative phosphorylation?

produce ATP

During fermentation in muscle cells, the organic molecule _______ is reduced to form a 3-carbon compound called _______

pyruvate, lactate

Acetyl-CoA from _____ oxidation enters the Krebs cycle and combines with ________ to form the 6-carbon molecule citrate

pyruvate, oxaloacetate

Energy is extracted from food molecules using enzyme-catalyzed ______ reactions that convert the energy to ATP

redox

During cellular respiration, acetyl-CoA is formed during a reaction that also

removes a CO2 from pyruvate

The ATP produced during glycolysis is the result of _____-level phosphorylation

substrate

An electron carrier called _______ passes electrons from NADH dehydrogenase to cytochrome bc 1.

ubiquinone


संबंधित स्टडी सेट्स

Sadlier-Oxford Level G All Units

View Set

Computer 10: What is Programming?

View Set

Marketing Interviews: Case & Questions

View Set