Chapter 7 Review
A nurse tells a doctor that a patient is cyanotic. Define cyanosis. What does the presence imply?
1. A blue cast in the skin 2. Inadequate oxygenation of the blood.
The skin has two distinct regions. The superficial layer is the _______________ and the underlying connective tissue is the _______________.
1. Epidermis 2. Dermis
What is a bedsore (decubitus ulcer)? Why does it occur?
1. Localized area of tissue necrosis and death 2. Pressure areas (points of increased pressure over boney areas) restrict the blood supply to the area.
Four protective functions of the skin are
1. Prevents desiccation 2. Prevents bacterial invasion 3. Protects against thermal damage 4. Protects against UV radiation
The two basic tissues of which the skin is composed are dense irregular CT, which makes up the dermis, and _ 1_, which forms the epidermis. The tough water repellent protein found in the epidermal cell is called __2__. The pigment melanin and __3__ contribute to skin color. A localized concentration of melanin is referred to as a __4___.
1. Stratified Squamous Epithelium 2. Keratin 3. Carotene 4. Freckle
Two layers containing dead cells
1. Stratum Corneum 2. Stratum lucidum
Skin Functions
1. excretion of body waste 2. insulation 3. protection from mechanical damage
The portion of a hair that projects from the scalp surface is known as the
Shaft
Nails originate from the epidermis (T/F)
TRUE
Eccrine/Apocrine glands are found primary in the genital and axillary area.
Apocrine
_______________ is a yellow-orange pigment found in the stratum corneum and the hypodermis.
Carotene
Phagocytic cells that occupy the epidermis are called _________.
Dendritic or Lagerhands cells.
Has abundant elastic and collagen fibers
Dermis
Vascular region of the skin
Dermis
What cell-to-cell structure hold the cells of the stratum spinosum tightly together?
Desmosomes
Major skin area as a whole that produces derivatives (nails and hair)
Epidermis
Fibers in the dermis are produced by
Fibroblasts
Thick skin of the epidermis contains _______________ layers.
Five
List the sensory receptors found in the dermis of the skin
Free nerve ending (for pain, temp.), tactile corpuses (for touch in hairless skin), lamellar corpuscle (for pressure)
__________ granules contain glycolipids that prevent water loss from the skin.
Lamellar
The cell produce brown-to-black pigment that colors the skin and protects the DNA from ultraviolent radiation damage. The cells are
Melanocytes
Dermal layer responsible for fingerprints
Papillary layer
Layer of areolar connective tissue
Papillary layer
the ducts of sebaceous/sweat glands usually empty into a hair follicle but may also open directly on the skin surface.
Sebaceous
Glands that respond to rising androgen levels are the __________ glands.
Sebaceous (and aprocrine sweat)
Location of melanocytes and tackle (Merkel) cells
Stratum Basale
Layer including scalelike dead cells, full of keratin, that constantly slough off
Stratum Corneum
The most superficial layer of the dermis is the
Stratum Corneum
What layer is present in thick skin but not in thin skin?
Stratum Lucidum
Area where weblike pre-keratin filaments first appear.
Stratum Spinosum
Layer of mitotic cells filled with intermediate filaments
Stratum Spinosum
Layer of translucent cells in thick skin containing dead keratinocytes
Stratum lucidum
A unique touch receptor formed from a stratum basale cell and a nerve fiber is a ____________.
Tacile or Merkel Disc.
What substance is manufactured in the skin and plays a role in calcium absorption elsewhere in the body?
Vitamin D
Epidermal layer exhibiting the most rapid cell division
Stratum Basale
