Chapter 7

what shape is formed by the wrist bones

three-sided arch--concave on the palmer side

the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint of the thumb is what type of joint

unique saddle-type joint

do the 9 primary extrinsic muscles of the phalanges act in wrist joint action

yes

what movements can the wrist make

Allows flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction

Movement of the palm of the hand and the or the phalanges toward the anterior or volar aspect of the forearm

Flexion

a distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint is what type of joint

Ginglymus

a metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint of the thumb is what type of joint

Ginglymus

the interphalangeal (IP) joint of the thumb is what type of joint

Ginglymus

carpometacarpal (CMC) joint of the thumb degrees of extension

0-20

metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint degree of extension

0-40

how are extrinsic muscles of the wrist and hand grouped

according to function and location

how many intrisic muscles of the hand are in the hand excluding the thumb and little finger

11 different muscles

how many muscles of the wrist and hand are extrinsic

12

how many phalanges are in the hand

14

carpometacarpal (CMC) joint of the thumb degrees of flexion

15-45

how many muscles of the wrist and hand are intrinsic

18

Movement of the thumb side of the hand toward the lateral aspect or radial side of the forearm; movement of the fingers away from the middle finger

Abduction

Movement of the little finger side of the hand toward the medial aspect or ulnar side of the forearm; movement of the fingers back together toward the middle finger

Adduction

Movement of the thumb across palmar aspect to oppose any or all of the phalanges

opposition

the connection between the radius and the proximal carpals make up what joint

radiocarpal joint

Movement of the thumb as it returns to anatomical position from opposition with the hand and or fingers

reposition

what is the most often injured wrist bone

scaphoid

how are the intrinsic muscles of the hand exclusing the thumb and little finger broken down into groups

4 lumbricals 3 palmar interossei 4 dorsal interossei

list the six extrinsic extensors of the phalanges

Extensor digitorum Indicis Digiti minimi Pollicis longus Pollicis brevis Abductor pollicis longus

list the three extrinsic flexors of the phalanges

Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor pollicis longus (thumb flexor)

how many joints does the thumb have

2 joints

how many joints are in the wrist and hand

25

how many bones are in the wrist and hand

29

how many joints are in one finger

3 joints

how many intrisic muscles of the hand are on the ulnar side

3 muscles of the little finger

how many muscles act on the wrist and hand

30

how many intrisic muscles of the hand are on the radial side

4 muscles of the thumb

Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint of the thumb degrees of flexion

40-90

how many metacarpals are in the hand

5

carpometacarpal (CMC) joint of the thumb degrees of abduction

50-70 degrees

how many muscle only move the wrist

6 (3 extensors and 3 flexors)

how many carpal bones are in the hand

8

distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint degrees of extension

80-90

interphalangeal (IP) joint of the thumb degree of flexion

80-90

metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint degree of flexion

85-100

how many primary muscles act on the phalanges

9 (3 flexors and 6 extensors)

proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint degrees of flexion

90-120

Swelling and inflammation can cause increased pressure in carpal tunnel resulting in decreased function of median nerve leading to reduce motor and sensation function in its distribution

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

a metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint is what type of joint

condyloid

what type of joint is the wrist

condyloid-type

the motion of the wrist occurs primarily between what bones

distal radius and proximal carpal row (scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum)

Movement of the back of the hand and or the pahlanges toward the posterior or dorsal aspect of the forearm; sometimes known as hyperextension

extension

a proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint is what type of joint

ginglymus

movement of the Extensor Carpi Radials Longus

o Extension of the wrist o Abduction of the wrist o Weak extension of the elbow o Weak pronation to neutral from a fully supinated position

movement of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

o Extension of the wrist o Abduction of the wrist o Weak flexion of the elbow

movement of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

o Extension of wrist o Adduction of wrist together with flexor carpi ulnaris o Weak extension of the elbow

movement of the Flexor Carpi Radialis

o Flexion of the wrist o Abduction of the wrist o Weak elbow flexion o Weak pronation of the forearm

movement of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

o Flexion of the wrist o Adduction of the wrist, together with extensor carpi ulnaris o Weak flexion of the elbow

movement of the Palmaris Longus Muscle

o Flexion of the wrist o Weak flexion of the elbow

what is the reference point for adduction and abduction of the wrist and fingers

middle finger