Chapter 7 Study Guide
The pulmonary veins are the only veins that carry what type of blood? A. Capillary B. Oxygen-rich C. Cardiac D. Oxygen-poor
.B.
A chambered muscular organ that lies within the thoracic cavity and provides the forward propulsion of blood is called the: A. heart. B. liver. C. kidney. D. lung.
A
A structure found in the musculoskeletal system that is designated to connect a bone to a bone is called a(n): A. ligament. B. cartilage. C. acromion. D. tendon.
A
An example of a ball-and-socket joint is the: A. shoulder. B. elbow. C. ankle. D. knee.
A
Anatomically, the clavicle is attached to the superior portion of the sternum, called the: A. manubrium. B. xyphoid process. C. iliac crest. D. mandible.
A
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle is the: A. tricuspid valve. B. aortic valve. C. pulmonary valve. D. mitral valve.
A
Occipital, parietal, temporal, and frontal are all parts of the: A. cranium. B. abdomen. C. rib cage. D. spinal column.
A
Of the following, which would be considered a function of the skeletal system? A. Allowing for movement. B. Protecting the body from foreign organisms. C. Filtering and excreting wastes. D. Carrying sensory information to and from the brain.
A
Systemic circulation starts when blood is ejected from what chamber of the heart through vessels to all parts of the body? A. Left ventricle B. Right atrium C. Right ventricle D. Left atrium
A
The basic function of the pulmonary system, known as "respiration," refers to what? A. The exchange of gases across cellular and alveolar membranes. B. The rate at which the patient is breathing. C. The monitoring of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood stream. D. The movement of air in and out of the lungs.
A
The blood supply for the heart itself is provided by what arteries? A. Coronary B. Cardiac C. Pulmonary D. Carotid
A
The cartilaginous structure in the airway that is responsible for protecting the trachea during swallowing is called the: A. epiglottis. B. uvula. C. carina. D. bronchi.
A
The layer of membrane that lines the inside of the rib cage surrounding the lung is called the: A. parietal pleura. B. visceral pleura. C. thoracic membrane. D. pneumonary membrane.
A
The main muscles that are used during quiet or normal breathing include the intercostal muscles and the: A. diaphragm. B. pectoralis. C. abdominal muscles. D. sternocleidomastoid.
A
The medical term that is used to refer to the back of the patient is: A. dorsal. B. anterior. C. ventral. D. lateral.
A
The structure of the body and the relationship of its parts to each other is called: A. biology. B. anatomical position. C. anatomy. D. physiology.
A
The upper chambers of the heart are known as the: A. atria. B. septum. C. sinus nodes. D. ventricles.
A
What is the mechanical process by which air is moved in and out of the lungs? A. Ventilation B. Inhalation C. Respiration D. Oxygenation
A
What is the name of the process that results in the movement of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) across cellular membranes in the lungs and in the peripheral tissues? A. Respiration B. Ventilation C. Perfusion D. Oxygenation
A
What occurs during normal and unlabored exhalation? A. The intercostals and the diaphragm relax. B. The intercostals contract and the diaphragm relaxes. C. The intercostals relax and the diaphragm contracts. D. The intercostals and the diaphragm contract.
A
What type of joint allows for the greatest amount of movement in each direction? A. Ball-and-socket joint B. Gliding joint C. Pivot joint D. Saddle joint
A
When the left ventricle contracts, it sends a wave of blood through the arteries. This wave of blood is called a(n): A. pulse. B. arterial ejection. C. arteriole ejection. D. diastolic wave.
A
Which of the following BEST describes the concept of perfusion? A. Adequate levels of oxygen and metabolic substrates reaching peripheral cells with proper waste removal B. Adequate levels of blood reaching the cells of the heart, brain, lungs, and kidneys C. Adequate levels of oxygen reaching the cells for aerobic metabolism D. When the heart can pump hard enough to allow blood to reach the heart, lungs, brain, and kidneys
A
Which of the following is TRUE regarding inhalation? A. The diaphragm contracts, bringing air into the lungs. B. Muscles cause the lungs to contract and take in air. C. The intercostal muscles relax, causing air to move into the lungs. D. During inhalation, the ribs move downward and inward, causing air to flow into the lungs.
A
Which of the following structures is NOT part of the respiratory system? A. The esophagus B. The epiglottis C. The larynx D. The pharynx
A
he part of the airway that can create the greatest resistance to airflow is the A. bronchioles. B. bronchi. C. trachea. D. nasal cavity.
A
his type of muscle has properties of both smooth muscle and skeletal muscle: A. cardiac muscle. B. internal muscle. C. voluntary muscle. D. diaphragmatic muscle.
A
Airway obstruction can occur more easily in the small child because: A. children rely most heavily on the intercostal muscles, which tire more easily, causing respiratory distress. B. the trachea is softer and more flexible than that of an adult, causing it to kink easier. C. children cannot chew food. D. the larynx is located more anteriorly in children than in adults.
B
An imaginary line drawn vertically from the middle of the armpit to the ankle is called the: A. medial line. B. midaxillary line. C. middorsal line. D. posterior line.
B
Deliberate movement is accomplished by which kind of muscle? A. Involuntary B. Voluntary C. Smooth D. Cardiac
B
During contraction, blood from the right atrium is moved to the: A. left ventricle. B. right ventricle. C. pulmonary artery. D. left atrium.
B
The amount of air a patient breathes in and out with one regular breath is the: A. minute volume. B. tidal volume. C. dead space. D. alveolar volume.
B
The cervical spine is formed by which vertebrae? A. Five fused vertebrae at the pelvis. B. The first seven vertebrae. C. Twelve vertebrae inferior to the neck. D. Five vertebrae in the lower back.
B
The membrane that envelops each lung and is directly attached to the lung tissue itself is called the: A. parietal pleura. B. visceral pleura. C. pectoralis membrane. D. pulmonary membrane.
B
The musculoskeletal system consists of all of the following components EXCEPT the: A. ligaments and tendons. B. blood vessels. C. skeleton. D. muscles.
B
The terms "anterior" and "posterior" mean: A. toward the top and toward the bottom. B. toward the front and toward the back. C. toward the right and toward the left. D. closer to and farther away from.
B
The type of joint that permits primarily flexion and extension in a single direction is called a: A. ball-and-socket joint. B. hinged joint. C. saddle joint. D. pivot joint.
B
The valve that exists between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery is called the: A. mitral valve. B. pulmonary valve. C. aortic valve. D. tricuspid valve.
B
The "normal anatomical position" means the patient is: A. standing erect, facing forward, arms outstretched, palms facing up. B. standing erect, facing forward, arms down at the sides, palms forward. C. lying on the back, arms outstretched, palms facing forward. D. lying on the back, arms down at the sides, palms forward.
B
To cause the heart to contract normally, an electrical impulse must travel through the following structures in what order?: A. the AV node, the SA node, the bundle of His, and the Purkinje fibers. B. the SA node, the AV node, the bundle of His, and the Purkinje fibers. C. the SA node, the AV node, the Purkinje fibers, and the bundle of His. D. the AV node, the SA node, the Purkinje fibers, and the bundle of His.
B
What term is used by the EMT when referring to the actual functioning and interrelatedness of the body's systems? A. Biology B. Physiology C. Anatomical position D. Anatomy
B
When a patient, who has been having an asthma attack, is placed in a sitting position on a stretcher, this position is called: A. prone. B. Fowler's. C. Trendelenburg. D. supine.
B
When describing a laceration that is on the side of the shoulder, the EMT may use a term such as: A. medial. B. lateral. C. ventral. D. posterior.
B
When the diaphragm contracts, the thoracic cavity becomes: A. smaller. B. larger. C. collapsed. D. injured.
B
When stimulated, the alpha receptors of the sympathetic nervous system result in which of the following effects on the cardiovascular system? A. Decreased blood pressure B. Vasoconstriction C. Increased heart rate D. Relaxation of the bronchioles
B
Which of the following skeletal structures surrounds and protects an important neurological structure? A. Femur B. Cranium C. Thoracic ribcage D. Nasal cavity
B
Why is the treatment of pediatric airway swelling more critical than treatment of airway swelling in adults? A. Adult airway swelling is more critical because of increased oxygen demands in adults. B. Because of the small diameter of the airway C. Because of the added difficulty in diagnosis D. Because of increased oxygen demands in children
B
eoxygenated blood FIRST enters the heart's: A. right ventricle. B. right atrium. C. left ventricle. D. left atrium.
B
he patient's vocal cords are located in which structure? A. Pharynx B. Larynx C. Trachea D. Hypopharynx
B
Generally, if ventilations continue to worsen despite the use of accessory muscles, the patient's breathing may be considered: A. prolonged. B. inadequate. C. adequate. D. appropriate.
B
When a joint allows an extremity to move toward the midline of the body, it is referred to as: A. flexion. B. adduction. C. abduction. D. extension.
B PG 129
What stimulates the diaphragm to contract? A. The vagus nerve B. The phrenic nerve C. Beta2 receptors D. Low blood CO2 levels
B- The diaphragm receives its stimulation to contract from the phrenic nerve that exits the spinal cord at the cervical spine between vertebrae C3 and C5. If a spinal cord injury occurs at C3dash C5, the phrenic nerve may be damaged, and the diaphragm will not receive a nervous impulse to contract; thus, it will no longer contribute to ventilation. The intercostal muscles also will not work properly because the nerves that stimulate these muscles exit from the lower thoracic vertebrae.
During a respiratory emergency, the main muscle(s) of respiration is/are: A. the pectorals. B. the sternocleidomastoids. C. the diaphragm. D. the external intercostals.
C
The lateral recumbent position means the patient is lying: A. face down on the stomach. B. on the back with the feet raised and the head lowered. C. on the right or left side. D. on the back with the upper body elevated
C
The majority of the mass of the heart is located: A. in the posterior chest. B. above the nipple line. C. to the left of the midline. D. to the right of the midline.
C
The midaxillary line is drawn: A. horizontally through the patient's shoulders. B. vertically through the middle of the patient's body from the top of the head. C. vertically from the middle of the patient's armpit down to the ankle. D. horizontally through the patient's waist.
C
The structure that contains the vocal cords is called the: A. oropharynx. B. pharynx. C. larynx. D. cricoid cartilage.
C
The two primary muscles used for breathing are the diaphragm and the: A. abdominal muscles. B. tracheal muscles. C. intercostal muscles. D. pectoral muscles.
C
What is the name of the flap that closes over the trachea to prevent foreign substances from entering it? A. The vallecula B. The false vocal cords C. The epiglottis D. The larynx
C
What type of joint allows only limited motion along a single plane and is found in the extremities? A. Saddle joint B. Ball-and-socket joint C. Hinge joint D. Pivot joint
C
When a joint moves away from the midline, this is referred to as: A. flexion. B. circumduction. C. abduction. D. adduction.
C
When a patient is found lying on his belly, face down, this is referred to as what position? A. Supine B. Lateral C. Prone D. Recovery
C
Which combination of joint and location allows for the widest range of motion? A. Condyloid joint in the wrist B. Saddle joint in the ankle C. Ball-and-socket in the shoulder D. Gliding joint in the hand
C
Which of the choices is a basic function of the respiratory system? A. Intakes nutrients for cellular metabolism B. Eliminates uric acid in a gaseous form C. Contributes to aciddash base control D. Promotes the formation of white blood cells for carrying oxygen
C
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the smaller and narrower trachea of an infant? A. The cricoid cartilage may become lacerated from coughing, causing bleeding into the airway. B. A portion of the cricoid cartilage may become detached and lodge in the trachea if the patient has repeating episodes of vomiting. C. The trachea is more prone to obstruction from swelling due to its small size. D. Foreign objects may become embedded in the undeveloped cricoid tissue.
C
Which of the following types of joints allow for the widest range of motion? A. Condyloid B. Saddle C. Ball-and-socket D. Gliding
C
You are caring for a patient with respiratory distress. The patient is found in a tripod position with nasal flaring, the pulse oximetry is 94 percent and you note absent alveolar breath sounds and cyanosis around the mouth and nail beds. Given these findings, which is MOST suggestive of actual breathing inadequacy? A. SpO2 of 94 percent B. Circumoral cyanosis C. Absent alveolar breath sounds D. Tripod positioning
C
he primary job of the respiratory system is to transport: A. pollutants from the body. B. nutrients to the blood cells. C. oxygen from the air to the blood. D. solid waste products out of the body.
C
Automaticity, or the ability to generate an impulse on its own, is a property of: A. skeletal muscle. B. smooth muscle. C. cardiac muscle. D. involuntary muscle.
C
A layer of connective tissue that adheres to the interior of the thoracic cavity and contributes to lung inflation is termed the: A. parietal peritoneum. B. interpleural space. C. inferior pleura. D. parietal pleura.
D
After leaving a capillary, blood enters into what structure on its trip back to the heart? A. Arteriole B. Artery C. Vein D. Venule
D
All of the following are considered accessory muscles of inhalation, EXCEPT the: A. scalene muscles. B. sternocleidomastoid muscles. C. pectoralis minor muscles. D. diaphragm.
D
An imaginary line drawn down the center of the body, dividing it into right and left halves, is called the: A. ventral line. B. midaxillary line. C. bilateral. D. midline.
D
At the base of the aortic artery, where it originates off the left ventricle is the: A. mitral valve. B. pulmonary valve. C. tricuspid valve. D. aortic valve.
D
During a CE class, you are given a picture of the skeleton with lines and blank spaces denoting parts of the skeleton you have to label. During this exercise, which two bones have the same name in the upper extremities as in the lower extremities? A. The metatarsals B. The metacarpals C. The tarsals D. The phalanges
D
During exhalation, the size of the thoracic cavity: A. stays the same. B. increases. C. expands laterally. D. decreases.
D
During exhalation, what causes the air to move out of the lungs? A. Paradoxical motion B. Negative pressure C. Flail motion D. Positive pressure
D
Imaginary straight line divisions of the body are called: A. physiological planes. B. geometric planes. C. positional planes. D. anatomical planes.
D
Of the following functions, which one is completed in part by the functioning of the respiratory system? A. Red blood cell crenation B. White blood cell transport C. Glucose regulation D. Regulation of acid/base in the body
D
Smooth muscle is responsible for: A. chewing and swallowing. B. contraction of the heart. C. movement of the eyeballs. D. constriction or dilation of the blood vessels.
D
The first tube that carries inhaled air from the larynx down towards the lungs is the: A. epiglottis. B. bronchus. C. esophagus. D. trachea.
D
The left and right brachial arteries supply blood to the: A. kidneys. B. skull. C. legs. D. arms.
D
The medical term that means referring to the sole of the foot is: A. inferior. B. palmar. C. distal. D. plantar.
D
The middle layer of the heart responsible for the majority of contractile force is called the: A. pericardium. B. epicardium. C. endocardium. D. myocardium.
D
The midline divides the body into the: A. posterior plane and the inferior plane. B. superior plane and the inferior plane. C. distal plane and the proximal plane. D. right half and left half.
D
The right ventricle pumps blood to the: A. pulmonary vein. B. left ventricle. C. aorta. D. pulmonary artery.
D
The double-walled sac that encloses the heart is called the: A. ventricles. B. epicardial membrane. C. umbilical sac. D. pericardium.
D
The four-chambered muscular organ that lies within the thoracic cavity is called the: A. liver. B. lung. C. kidney. D. heart.
D
Upon arrival at a scene of a fight, you find your patient lying face-up on his back. What is this position called? A. Prone B. Fowler's C. Lateral D. Supine
D
What section of the aorta divides into the left and right iliac arteries, which then go on to feed the legs? A. Ascending B. Arch of the aorta C. Thoracic D. Abdominal
D
When a patient is found sitting up on a kitchen chair, you may state he was found in which body position? A. Supine B. Trendelenburg C. Prone D. Fowler's
D
Which of the following is NOT one of the basic functions of the respiratory system? A. Buffering system for aciddash base balance B. Respiration C. Ventilation D. Neural control of the alveoli
D
Which of the following statements BEST uses the term "distal" in a sentence? A. The shoulder is distal to the elbow. B. The elbow is distal to the wrist. C. The nose is distal to the ears. D. The ankle is distal to the hip.
D
Which valves of the heart prevent the regurgitation of blood from the ventricles to the atria? A. Papillary valves B. Atrial valves C. Semilunar valves D. Atrioventricular valves
D
he EMT should be familiar with the anatomical structure of the pulmonary tree and be able to recall that the first subdivision of the conducting airways off the trachea is called the: A. bronchioles. B. alveoli. C. thyroid cartilage D. mainstem bronchi.
D
he ankle can only turn inwards slightly while moving up and down, and is defined as what type of joint? A. Condyloid B. Pivot C. Gliding D. Saddle
D
The joint at the wrist permits the hand to move up and down and side to side, but not to rotate completely. This type of joint is a: A. pivot joint. B. gliding joint. C. saddle joint. D. condyloid joint.
D PG 129
What occurs during the alveolar/capillary exchange? A. Oxygen moves from the bloodstream to the cells. B. Oxygen moves from the bloodstream to the lungs. C. CO2 moves from the cells to the bloodstream. D. Oxygen passes through the capillary walls into the bloodstream.
D- In the lungs, oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged through the thin walls of the alveoli and the capillaries. In alveolar/capillary exchange, oxygen-rich air enters the alveoli during each inspiration and passes through the capillary walls into the bloodstream. Carbon dioxide and other waste gases move from the blood through the capillary walls into the alveoli and are exhaled. In capillary/cellular exchange throughout the body, carbon dioxide moves from the cells to the capillaries, and oxygen moves from the capillaries to the cells.
Which of the following is TRUE regarding respiratory anatomy in infants and children? A. Infants and children rely less on the diaphragm to breathe than an adult. B. The tongue of an infant or child takes up proportionally more space than an adult's. C. The nose of an infant is proportionally larger than that of an adult. D. The ribs are less pliable in infants than in adults.
b
Which of the following systems is the first line of defense in protecting the body from the environment? A. Nervous B. Endocrine C. Reproductive D. Integumentary
d
