Chapter 8

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Why is water required for the light reactions of photosynthesis

To replace the electrons lost from P680

Photoautotrophs

Uses light energy to drive the synthesis of organic molecules from inorganic molecules

The electron that exit PSII are replenished by electrons from oxidized ——, which yields oxygen gas that can be used by plant cells or released to the environment

Water

The Calvin cycle is affected by certain environmental conditions including light intensity, —— availability, and ——.

Water Temperature

The role of the light harvesting complex is to

absorb photons of light

What happens when a photon of light is absorbed by pigment molecule

an electron is boosted to a higher level

What are the three phases of the Calvin cycle

carbon fixation, reduction, regeneration of ribulose bisphosphate

Plants appear green because they contain

chlorophyll

during resonance energy transfer, what is transferred from one molecule to another

energy

What is the primary output of the Calvin cycle

glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

What is the role of the reaction center in the photosystem

it transfers a high-energy electron to another molecule

The process by which plants capture light energy and use it to synthesize glucose and other organic molecules is called

photosynthesis

The energy of an excited electron can be transferred from one pigment molecule to another via ——

resonance energy transfer

The energy required for the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide ultimately comes from

sunlight

Where do light reactions occur

thylakoid membrane

According to the sea scheme how many photo of division events occur during photosynthesis

2

In C4 plants the first production of carbon fixation is

A four carbon molecule

Image of purpose of the electrochemical gradient generated in the light reactions of photosynthesis is to synthesize

ATP

Hey pigment is a molecule that can

Absorb lught

Summarize the events of the first phase of the Calvin cycle

Atmospheric carbon dioxide is fixed into a five carbon sugar

Organisms that can synthesize organic molecules from inorganic molecules are called ——, well those that must consume food to obtain organic molecules are termed ——.

Autotrophs ; heterotrophs

Why is it considered a form of electromagnetic radiation

Because it consists of both electric and magnetic energy

And some plants carbon fixation music for carbon molecule instead of 3GP as the first product. Such plants are known as

C4 plants

—— Plants avoid water loss by closing the stomata during the day and opening the night

CAM

The end product of phase 2 of the Calvin cycle is G3P. This molecule is used to synthesize _____ and to regenerate the starting material _____ bisphosphate.

Carbohydrates ; ribulose

Phases of Calvin Cycle in order

Carbon fixation Reduction and carbohydrate production Regeneration of ribulose bisphosphate

In the light reaction, ATP is generated via

Chemiosmosis

ATP synthase is achieved by a —— mechanism called photophosphorylation

Chemiosmotic

The green color of plants is due primarily to the absorptive properties of the pigment —— found in the chloroplast.

Chlorophyll

The oxidization of water by photosystem two causes the pH of the thylakoid lumen to

Decrease

Photosynthesis light energy is converted to —— energy, Which intern is converted to —— Energy in a sugar molecule

Electrochemical ; chemical

The light reactions of photosynthesis require water to supply two —— Go to transfer to P680

Electrons

NADP reductive transfers two —— and one —— ion to NADH to generate NADPH

Electrons ; H+

Sunlight enables the synthesis of glucose from the carbon dioxide by providing the —— That is necessary for the process

Energy

And plants which of the following is polymerize to form starch

Glucose

—— gene are similar to each other because they are derived from the same ancestry of Gene

Homologous

What happens to the molecules formed by the addition of carbon dioxide to ribulose bisphosphate?

It is immediately split into two more stable three carbon molecules

What energy conversion occurs during photosynthesis

Light energy is converted to electrochemical energy, which is converted to chemical energy

How does an electron located in the pigment of the light harvesting complexes become excited?

Light exercises in electron in a pigment found in the light harvesting complexes of the photosystems

What part of a photo system contains dozen of pigment molecules absorb light protons

Light harvesting complex

The flow of electrons from photosystem two to photosystem one is considered to be

Linear electron flow

how is NADP formed in PSI?

NADP reductase adds two electrons and a H to NADP

Akira and photosystem one is to produce high energy electrons that are used to make

NADPH

The products of the light reactions that are used for the Calvin cycle to make carbohydrates are

NADPH and ATP

The products of light reactions of photosynthesis are ——, ——, ——.

NADPH, ATP, and oxygen.

What molecules produced by photosystem two

Oxygen

The synthesis of ATP using light as an ultimate energy source is called

Photophosphorylation

And hot dry conditions rubisco can attach oxygen to RuBP in a process called ——, which ultimately produces O2.

Photorespiration

During photosynthesis NADPH is synthesized by

Photosystem I

During non cyclic electron flow, electrons flow from water to ——.

Photosystem two than photosystem one and ultimately I transferred to NADP

The last phase of the Calvin cycle what molecules regenerated so that the next cycle can occur

Ribulose bisphosphate

What happens during photorespiration

Rubisco attaches O2 to RuBP, and CO2 is produced.

What is carbon fixation

The incorporation of carbon into an organic molecule that is not a gas

Seasonal color changes in a leaf happens because

The quantity of chlorophyll in a leaf declines unmasking the carotenoids

What will remove a high energy electrons from P680 and transfer it to a more stable molecule

The reaction center

What is photophosphorylation

The synthesis of ATP powered by light energy

Carotenoids

They are found in chloroplast They are abundant in flowers and fruits They may appear yellow, orange, or red.

The —— membrane of the chloroplast contains two independent like capturing complexes of proteins and pigment it's called photosystems one and two.

Thylakoid

The light reactions of photosynthesis take place in the —— membrane while the Calvin cycle occurs in the —— of the chloroplast.

Thylakoid ; stroma

Where are photosystems one and two located

Thylakoid membrane

Which of the following best describes the location of chlorophyll a and B within the chloroplast of green plants

Thylakoid membrane

What is the purpose of phase 3 of the Calvin cycle

To create a new 5-carbon sugar for the "next" Calvin cycle


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