Chapter 8
Why is water required for the light reactions of photosynthesis
To replace the electrons lost from P680
Photoautotrophs
Uses light energy to drive the synthesis of organic molecules from inorganic molecules
The electron that exit PSII are replenished by electrons from oxidized ——, which yields oxygen gas that can be used by plant cells or released to the environment
Water
The Calvin cycle is affected by certain environmental conditions including light intensity, —— availability, and ——.
Water Temperature
The role of the light harvesting complex is to
absorb photons of light
What happens when a photon of light is absorbed by pigment molecule
an electron is boosted to a higher level
What are the three phases of the Calvin cycle
carbon fixation, reduction, regeneration of ribulose bisphosphate
Plants appear green because they contain
chlorophyll
during resonance energy transfer, what is transferred from one molecule to another
energy
What is the primary output of the Calvin cycle
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
What is the role of the reaction center in the photosystem
it transfers a high-energy electron to another molecule
The process by which plants capture light energy and use it to synthesize glucose and other organic molecules is called
photosynthesis
The energy of an excited electron can be transferred from one pigment molecule to another via ——
resonance energy transfer
The energy required for the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide ultimately comes from
sunlight
Where do light reactions occur
thylakoid membrane
According to the sea scheme how many photo of division events occur during photosynthesis
2
In C4 plants the first production of carbon fixation is
A four carbon molecule
Image of purpose of the electrochemical gradient generated in the light reactions of photosynthesis is to synthesize
ATP
Hey pigment is a molecule that can
Absorb lught
Summarize the events of the first phase of the Calvin cycle
Atmospheric carbon dioxide is fixed into a five carbon sugar
Organisms that can synthesize organic molecules from inorganic molecules are called ——, well those that must consume food to obtain organic molecules are termed ——.
Autotrophs ; heterotrophs
Why is it considered a form of electromagnetic radiation
Because it consists of both electric and magnetic energy
And some plants carbon fixation music for carbon molecule instead of 3GP as the first product. Such plants are known as
C4 plants
—— Plants avoid water loss by closing the stomata during the day and opening the night
CAM
The end product of phase 2 of the Calvin cycle is G3P. This molecule is used to synthesize _____ and to regenerate the starting material _____ bisphosphate.
Carbohydrates ; ribulose
Phases of Calvin Cycle in order
Carbon fixation Reduction and carbohydrate production Regeneration of ribulose bisphosphate
In the light reaction, ATP is generated via
Chemiosmosis
ATP synthase is achieved by a —— mechanism called photophosphorylation
Chemiosmotic
The green color of plants is due primarily to the absorptive properties of the pigment —— found in the chloroplast.
Chlorophyll
The oxidization of water by photosystem two causes the pH of the thylakoid lumen to
Decrease
Photosynthesis light energy is converted to —— energy, Which intern is converted to —— Energy in a sugar molecule
Electrochemical ; chemical
The light reactions of photosynthesis require water to supply two —— Go to transfer to P680
Electrons
NADP reductive transfers two —— and one —— ion to NADH to generate NADPH
Electrons ; H+
Sunlight enables the synthesis of glucose from the carbon dioxide by providing the —— That is necessary for the process
Energy
And plants which of the following is polymerize to form starch
Glucose
—— gene are similar to each other because they are derived from the same ancestry of Gene
Homologous
What happens to the molecules formed by the addition of carbon dioxide to ribulose bisphosphate?
It is immediately split into two more stable three carbon molecules
What energy conversion occurs during photosynthesis
Light energy is converted to electrochemical energy, which is converted to chemical energy
How does an electron located in the pigment of the light harvesting complexes become excited?
Light exercises in electron in a pigment found in the light harvesting complexes of the photosystems
What part of a photo system contains dozen of pigment molecules absorb light protons
Light harvesting complex
The flow of electrons from photosystem two to photosystem one is considered to be
Linear electron flow
how is NADP formed in PSI?
NADP reductase adds two electrons and a H to NADP
Akira and photosystem one is to produce high energy electrons that are used to make
NADPH
The products of the light reactions that are used for the Calvin cycle to make carbohydrates are
NADPH and ATP
The products of light reactions of photosynthesis are ——, ——, ——.
NADPH, ATP, and oxygen.
What molecules produced by photosystem two
Oxygen
The synthesis of ATP using light as an ultimate energy source is called
Photophosphorylation
And hot dry conditions rubisco can attach oxygen to RuBP in a process called ——, which ultimately produces O2.
Photorespiration
During photosynthesis NADPH is synthesized by
Photosystem I
During non cyclic electron flow, electrons flow from water to ——.
Photosystem two than photosystem one and ultimately I transferred to NADP
The last phase of the Calvin cycle what molecules regenerated so that the next cycle can occur
Ribulose bisphosphate
What happens during photorespiration
Rubisco attaches O2 to RuBP, and CO2 is produced.
What is carbon fixation
The incorporation of carbon into an organic molecule that is not a gas
Seasonal color changes in a leaf happens because
The quantity of chlorophyll in a leaf declines unmasking the carotenoids
What will remove a high energy electrons from P680 and transfer it to a more stable molecule
The reaction center
What is photophosphorylation
The synthesis of ATP powered by light energy
Carotenoids
They are found in chloroplast They are abundant in flowers and fruits They may appear yellow, orange, or red.
The —— membrane of the chloroplast contains two independent like capturing complexes of proteins and pigment it's called photosystems one and two.
Thylakoid
The light reactions of photosynthesis take place in the —— membrane while the Calvin cycle occurs in the —— of the chloroplast.
Thylakoid ; stroma
Where are photosystems one and two located
Thylakoid membrane
Which of the following best describes the location of chlorophyll a and B within the chloroplast of green plants
Thylakoid membrane
What is the purpose of phase 3 of the Calvin cycle
To create a new 5-carbon sugar for the "next" Calvin cycle