Chapter 8 Connect Assignment

Suppose you want to use an example in your speech to describe what it is like to be a child advocate. Which of the following suggestions would make the example more effective?

Make it vivid and richly textured.

What is one way to lend credibility to a speech?

Mentioning the sources of statistics.

Which of the following would be considered an unbiased source for a speech on gun control?

New York Times

In your speech, you discuss the health problems of obese children. Which of the following sources would be the most credible and reliable source of testimony?

U.S. Centers for Disease Control

What is one of the best ways for a speaker to explain a technical process or term to an audience?

Use an example.

A speaker should be wary of testimony from self-interested, or ______, sources.

biased

A real-life case used to illustrate or represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like is called a(n) ______.

example.

Peer testimony works well in a speech when you need a statement from someone who has ______ on the topic.

experience

An expressive delivery is especially important when using ______ examples in a speech.

extended

You are giving a speech about school violence, and you briefly mention Columbine, Virginia Tech, and the Amish school shootings in a sentence. You are using ______.

specific instances.

If you are giving a speech with many abstract ideas that are hard to explain, which of the following would be the best supporting material to use?

Examples.

Match each product to a qualified source for testimony. 1. Professional skier to ______. 2. Movie star to ______. 3. Celebrity chef to ______. 4. Professional photographer to ______.

1. Winter jacket 2. Anti-aging lotion 3. Dinnerware 4. Cameras

Because numbers can be interpreted in many ways, what should a speaker avoid when including numbers in a speech?

Biased sources.

Which of the following should you do to make sure your statistics are representative?

Different groups of a population sample must be in correct proportion; The sample size must be large enough.

Which of the following might be found on a list about how to best use testimony in a speech?

Do I give credit to the original source of all quotes?; Do I use testimony from unbiased sources?; Do I identify the sources of all testimony?

Which of the following terms is used to describe quotations or paraphrases from an authority in a given field?

Expert testimony.

Phaedra is giving a speech about chronic illnesses among children. At one point she mentions that more than half of American children are living with a diagnosed chronic illness. Because this is a startling statistic, what should Phaedra have done during her speech?

Given the source of the statistic.

Which type of example always describes an imaginary, nonfactual, situation?

Hypothetical.

When should you use statistics in a speech?

Only when needed.

Pedro gave the following example in his speech about unemployment: One older guy lost his job and was unemployed for the rest of his life. What could Pedro have done to make more of an impact on his audience?

Pedro could have used a more vivid, detailed example.

If you quoted your sister about her experience at summer camp, you are using what type of testimony?

Peer testimony.

When you use examples in your speeches, they should be which of the following?

Richly textured; Vivid

In discussing the elections for governor in his state, Jeremy explained that a runoff had been scheduled because, according to the election commission, Rivera had won 45.42% of the vote, Li had won 30.23% of the vote, and Johnson had won 23.87% of the vote, with the remainder of the vote undecided. Which of the following is a tip in using statistics that Jeremy failed to follow?

Round off numbers.

Polly is giving a speech about the world economy. She offers interesting statistics about the gross domestic product of several countries, all of which are in the billions of dollars. How could Polly have improved her speech?

She could have translated the large numbers into terms listeners can relate to.

Which of the following are basic kinds of supporting materials for a speech?

Testimony; Examples; Statistics

When using a hypothetical example in a speech, it is wise to include which of the following to support the example?

Testimony; Statistics

When using statistics in a speech, a speaker should ensure which of the following?

That the statistics are representative of what they claim to measure.

Josh was preparing a speech about home real estate and wanted to give an idea how home prices had fallen in all seven recognized neighborhoods in his city. He found that the rounded percentage decreases were 3, 3, 5, 6, 7, 7, and 19. Why would using the mean, or average, decrease be misleading?

The last value would skew the result.

What is the main reason to use statistics in a speech?

To give your ideas numerical precision.

Which of the following are good reasons for identifying the source of testimony that you provide in a speech?

To help listeners determine if the source is biased; To add credibility to the testimony given; To give proper attribution and avoid plagiarism

Which of the following are ways to enhance your delivery of extended examples during a speech?

Vary your voice volume; Vary the speed at which you speak; Use eye contact

Darrell Huff, author of How to Lie with Statistics, attempted to question the long-held belief that numbers ______.

do not lie.

Speakers have a(n) ______ responsibility to use testimonies accurately and effectively.

ethical

When you paraphrase someone to provide testimony in a speech, you ______.

give the gist of someone else's statement in your own words.

Certain types of examples can personalize your ideas by adding ______ interest to them.

human

In her speech on how to perform the Heimlich Maneuver, Julie began by saying, "Suppose you are having dinner with a friend when suddenly your friend can't seem to catch her breath. When your friend begins to turn blue, you realize she is choking." This is a type of ______ example.

hypothetical

Rick explained, "Sue said that turning the faucet clockwise three times will stop the dripping." Carmen added, "Sue said, 'These rotations always fix the problem.'" If both Rick and Carmen were reporting accurately, then Rick ______ Sue, and Carmen ______ Sue.

paraphrased; quoted

Among the tips for using statistics are to ______.

round off numbers; name the source of statistics, use numbers sparingly

Daniel is presenting his speech to his classmates. He uses examples, testimony, and statistics to support his ideas. He does not explain his sources during the speech, but he does show his bibliography on a PowerPoint slide at the end of the speech. What common error has Daniel made in his speech?

He failed to cite his sources orally.

Using quotes accurately involves which of the following?

Making sure you do not misquote anyone; Making sure you do not skew the meaning of paraphrased statements; Making sure you do not quote out of context

In your speech you decide to use a vivid and detailed narrative about a camping trip you took last year to illustrate one of your points about camping. This type of supporting material is called a(n) ______ example.

extended

Which of the following are guidelines for the effective use of statistics?

Explain any statistics that are used; Use visual aids to clarify statistical trends; Use statistics sparingly.

True or false: Examples in a speech help explain how many people are affected by the issue being discussed.

False

Ivan is giving a speech about global warming. He explains that an iceberg measuring about 2,200 square miles has recently gone adrift. He mentions that the iceberg is the size of Delaware and holds twice as much water used in the United States each year. Which of the following did Ivan do correctly in this example?

He explained the statistics in a way that would be meaningful to the audience; He provided a visual for large statistics

Which of the following statements about expert testimony are true?

It is especially important to use when your speech is on a controversial topic; It lends credibility to your speeches

Unless there is a compelling reason otherwise, what should a speaker do to numbers before citing them in a speech?

Round them off.

Tansie was preparing a speech about the value of final exams for high school seniors. To gather some statistics, she asked 10 of her girlfriends in the junior class for their opinion. Six were against final exams, and four supported them. Why are Tansie's statistics not usable?

She only spoke with girls, which is not representative of the student body; She only asked 10 people, which is not a large enough sample; She only spoke with juniors, which is not representative of the student body

Examples that make the most impact on an audience are usually which of the following?

Specific; Richly textured; Vivid

Although you do not need to recite all of the information in your Works Cited list about your source, which of the following should you typically include in your oral citations?

The type of document, the author, the date published, and the author's qualifications.

What is the problem with the following numbers (25.7 inches, 62,789,499 people, 78.55 kilometers per hour) being used in a speech?

They are too complicated to be easily understood by listeners.

Patty is preparing a speech on tourism in island countries in the Caribbean. She suspects there might be a relationship between visitor totals to particular island countries and outbreaks of disease. Keeping in mind the importance of obtaining statistics from a reliable source, from which of the following should Patty first seek the data on disease rates for specific Caribbean island countries?

World Health Organization.

To quote or paraphrase someone correctly, it is essential that you ______.

do not violate the meaning of the statements being paraphrased; do not quote out of context; do not misquote

In addition to quoting or paraphrasing text accurately from supporting material, it is important both for ethical reasons and for credibility to ______.

identify your sources aloud in a speech.

What does a richly textured example supply that helps pull listeners into a speech?

Everyday details.

Which of the following are benefits of using peer testimony in a speech?

It has an emotional impact; It provides authenticity

Darnell feels confident that his speech on the benefits of plastic shopping bags will be persuasive because of the testimony he will provide. This testimony comes from two expert witnesses: one who is the president of a successful plastics manufacturing company and one who is a research scientist conducting studies funded by the plastics industry. Should Darnell feel confident that his speech will be convincing?

No, because his testimony is likely to be biased by sources whose work depends on the plastics industry.

______ is the term for using another person's ideas or words without giving credit to that person.

Plagiarism or Plagiarizing

What is the best way to present a series of statistics during a speech?

Simple graph.

"About 1.4 million shelter dogs are adopted each year" is an example of ______.

a statistic.

In a speech about childhood obesity, Terence told the story of the real-life case of a young girl who spent her time watching television and eating junk food. He went into detail about how the young girl ended up in this situation. This type of supporting material is defined as ______.

an extended example.

In statistics, the mean is the ______.

average value of a group of numbers.

Statistics are similar to ______ in that they are often cited in passing to clarify or strengthen a speaker's point.

brief examples

A vivid example can be very effective in reinforcing an idea in your speech, but for such a purpose you should be especially certain that it is a(n) ______ example and not an exceptional case.

representative

True or false: Visual aids take too much time to use effectively in a speech.

False

What does it mean to make an example representative?

It does not deal with rare or exceptional cases; It is a typical example that proves a general point

Examples used in speeches are used for which of the following purposes?

Personalize an idea; Clarify an idea; Reinforce an idea

In her speech about the maternal mortality rate around the world, Hannah included the following: "According to the CIA's World Factbook, Sierra Leone has the highest death rate, at 1,360 per 100,000 live births. The Central African Republic follows, with 882. Chad and Nigeria are not far behind, at 856 and 814, respectively. The United States ranked 138th with a rate of 14 deaths per 100,000 live births." What did Hannah fail to do when using statistics in her speech?

Use numbers sparingly.

In his speech, Joe says, "George Washington Carver, Lonnie G. Johnson, Percy Julian." By reciting a list like this that relates to his topic, Joe is using ______.

brief examples.

When you are presenting your speech to an audience and are using testimony, statistics, or examples, it is important to remember to ______.

cite your sources orally.

When an example gives a human face or perspective to an abstract idea, it is said to ______ the idea.

personalize

When using costs or other monetary measures from different years as a statistic in a speech, it is important to consider the ______ of the dollar in terms of inflation.

value

Alana wanted to speak about climate conditions that might favor tornado formation in the United States. For testimony she used a document by researchers Schaefer and Marzban on the NOAA website, and she said, "Schaefer and Tatom (1998) looked at the mean Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the strip 5 deg. N to 5 deg. S and 180 deg. W to 150 deg. W and wrote, 'A Kruskal-Wallis H test was then used to see if any difference in different tornado measures exists between El Niño, La Niña and neutral years. Also the entire contiguous U.S. and three sub-areas were considered. All six of these combinations failed to have significance at the 99 percent level. One could not state with confidence that El Niño/La Niña had any effect on tornado or strong tornado activity.'" Why should she have paraphrased instead of using a direct quotation?

The wording of the quotation is cumbersome and contains technical terms; The quotation is longer than two or three sentences

When citing sources in your speech, you do not need to include all of the information that you would use in a written bibliography. What you include depends on ______.

your topic; the kind of supporting material you are using; your audience; the claim you are making

What are the two major kinds of testimony?

Expert and peer.

When giving an extended example, you should imagine that you are a(n) ______.

storyteller.

Quotations or paraphrases from trusted sources that are used to support a point are known as ______.

testimony.