Chapter 8 Energy Balance, Ch 7 Waters and Minerals, ch 6 vitamins, Ch 5 Lipids, ch 3 carbs, ch 11: cultural/religious influence food and nutrition, Ch 10: consumer interests and issues of food access, ch 14 adult, Chapter 13 Nutrition for Infants, Ch...
The nurse is discussing nutrition reference values in class. Which of the following is a CORRECT statement made by the nurse?
"EAR is the nutrient intake estimated to meet the requirement of half of the healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group."
The nurse has provided nutrition education to a client. Which client statement requires further teaching by the nurse?
"Each time I eat a cup of pasta, I will count it as 1 grain serving."
A client wants to maintain their current weight with a healthy eating pattern. The nurse uses the Dietary Guidelines for Americans to make which recommendation?
"Eat a variety of vegetables, inlcuding dark green, red, and orange vegetables"
What advice should the nurse give to clients regarding social and cultural eating, especially individuals who are trying to lose weight?
"Eat only to relieve hunger."
The client is upset that despite incorporating low-sugar and sugar-free foods into her eating pattern, she is not losing weight and her blood sugar is still difficult to control. The nurse notes which of the following reasons the client is having this problem?
"Sugar-free" does not mean calorie-free.
The nurse is seeing a client who has gradually gained weight due to a sedentary work life. Which teaching will the nurse provide about an exercise program?
"Start slowly and gradually increase your activity level.
MyPlate attempts to limit confusion regarding appropriate portion size by linking specific amounts of foods to the total number of calories in a food plan. What recommendation coincides with a 2,000-calorie daily food plan?
2.5
The nurse is explaining to a female client the importance of drinking water throughout the day to ensure adequate hydration. The AI for total water in women is which of the following daily amounts?
2.7 L.
The nurse is explaining to a female client the importance of drinking water throughout the day to ensure adequate hydration. The AI for total water in women is which of the following daily amounts?
2.7L
The nurse is reviewing a client's food log and calculating how many calories the client has consumed. The nurse knows that there are how many calories in a gram of carbohydrates? Enter the correct answer ONLY.
4
The nurse is teaching a female client who would like to get pregnant that it is important to consume enough folic acid. How many micrograms of folic acid should this client consume on a daily basis?
400
The recommended dosage of folate for nonpregnant women is _____ μg.
400
Using the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating pattern during pregnancy is associated with up to ________ % lowered risk of gestational diabetes. Enter the correct number ONLY.
48
The nurse is emphasizing the importance of reading labels when deciding what to eat because the fat content can vary. For example, fat-free milk contains virtually no fat free, while a 1-cup of whole milk has how much fat?
8 g fat/cup.
An adult daughter of a client with osteoporosis asks what foods should be eaten to avoid developing the same health problem in the future. What should the nurse recommend to this family member? Select all that apply.
Egg yolks Beef liver Oysters
The nurse is discussing lifestyle modification strategies with a 15-year-old female who is concerned about developing obesity. Which of the following should the nurse recommend?
Increase the nutrient density of meals.
The nurse is teaching a group of teenage students about the Healthy People core objectives. Which objective is associated with Healthy People goals for adolescents?
Increase the proportion of students participating in the School Breakfast Program.
A caregiver of an 80-year-old client is concerned the client is not eating enough or getting sufficient nutrients. Which of the following strategies might the nurse recommend?
Make mealtime as enjoyable as possible.
Which pathogen causes a small percentage of all foodborne illness but a higher percentage of foodborne illness resulting in hospitalization and death? <Image: Figure 9.5>
Salmonella , nontyphoidal
The nurse is helping a client make better food choices. The nurse suggests that the client avoid saturated fats. Which of the following would be a reason for that?
Saturated fat is linked to increased intake of LDL.
The nurse learns that a client eats one meal a day and takes no vitamin supplements. Which assessment finding suggests to the nurse that the client might be experiencing a vitamin deficiency?
Sluggish healing of a leg wound
The nurse suspects that a client in the 10th week of gestation would benefit from a nutritional supplement. Which information in the client's prenatal history did the nurse use to make this clinical determination?
Smokes 5 cigarettes a day - Vitamin and mineral supplements may be necessary for certain populations, such as women who are dependent on tobacco. Vitamin and mineral supplements may not be required if the client regularly consumes fish, red meat, and milk.
A client has recently gained 25 pounds and was diagnosed with prehypertension. The health care provider has recommended the client follow the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. Which menu will the nurse recommend?
Snack of 1 cup of fat-free yogurt topped with blueberries and reduced-sodium whole-wheat crackers The DASH diet features meals with large amounts of vegetables, fruits, and low-fat dairy products. It also incorporates whole grains, fish, poultry, and nuts while limiting the intake of red meat, sodium, and added sugars. The snack meets the DASH food requirements as it offers low-fat yogurt, fruit, and reduced-sodium wheat crackers. Breakfast intake included whole milk, lunch included ranch dressing, and dinner included bacon and mayonnaise, all of which are not recommended under the DASH diet.
The nurse is assessing a client just admitted to the medical unit. During the assessment, the nurse determines that this 20-year-old male stands 4 feet 11 inches tall. What is his ideal body weight?
103.5 pounds
The nurse is caring for a client whose average weight is 120 pounds. Within 30 days, the nurse will intervene if the client's weight drops below which amount?
114 pounds
The nurse is reviewing a client's food logs. The nurse is concerned that the client might not be ingesting enough linolenic acid. What is the recommended daily AI for linolenic acid for adults?
12 g/day for women, 17 g/day for men
Brianna was 6 pounds at birth. Her weight will be approximately ____ pounds by 4 to 6 months and approximately ____ pounds by 12 months.
12, 18
The nurse is helping a mother plan snacks for an 18-month-old child. Which of the following snacks should the nurse recommend the mother include in the child's eating pattern?
banana bread
The class is discussing food labels. One student points out that a certain vitamin is listed as a "food coloring." Which vitamin is sometimes used to add color to food?
beta-carotene
The client is a 55-year-old male who has maintained a very active lifestyle. He understands that his caloric requirements may go down as he gets older. According to the MyPlate guidelines, what is the recommended calorie level for this client?
2,800 calories
Students in a nursing class understand that the body has the potential to make vitamin D with enough light exposure and if which of the following organs is functioning normally?
kidney
Food habits are one of the last behaviors people change when assimilating to a new country. The evolution that occurs as immigrants implement eating patterns and food selections of the host country is referred to as which of the following?
dietary acculturation.
The nurse is explaining the different type of sugars to a client. The nurse correctly classifies maltose and lactose in which of the following sugar categories?
disaccharides.
Current weight gain recommendations for pregnancy are based on prepregnancy weight. This statement is:
false -Current weight gain recommendations for pregnancy are based on prepregnancy BMI, not weight.
The nurse is concerned that an older adult client is chronically underhydrated. After speaking with the caregiver, the nurse identifies which of the following as the cause for the poor hydration?
fear of incontinence (potty accident)
The nurse seeing the family of an older adult client in long term care. The family would like to know what they can do to support optimal food intake for the client. Which of the following should the nurse suggest?
joining the client at some meal times
The student nurses are discussing mineral deficiencies. The students correctly identify which mineral deficiency is the most common and widespread in the world?
iron
Which of the following is a nutrient that is deficient in some older American infants?
iron
A client has been brought to the unit with general complaints of nausea, fatigue, and anorexia. On assessment, the nurse learns that the client has not been eating well and has been eating mainly a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet. The nurse is aware that which of the following may be
ketosis
When assessing older adult clients, the nurse is aware that a key predictor of malnutrition in older adults is which of the following?
loss of appetite.
The nurse is aware that there are occasions when a vitamin deficiency is not caused by a lack of intake but by a problem in synthesizing the nutrient. Pernicious anemia is due to which of the following?
lack of intrinsic factor to absorb vitamin B12.
The nurse is seeing a mom and her two-year-old child who needs to consume more fruits and vegetables. Which of the following foods should be recommended?
leafy greens
The nutrition class has been discussing phospholipids. The nurse recognizes that the class has been successful when the students identify which of the following as a phospholipid?
lecithin
When teaching about the path of glucose in the body, the nurse can explain that after it is absorbed into the intestinal mucosa, glucose travels next to which of the following body organs?
liver.
The nurse recognizes that older adult clients are at an increased risk for malnutrition for various reasons. The nurse is aware that malnutrition is associated with which of the following problems?
longer hospitalizations.
The nurse is seeing a client who was born in Mexico but has lived in the United States for 25 years. As a result of acculturation, the client's eating pattern has likely increased in what foods?
processed
The nurse is concerned that a client is consuming an excessive amount of carbohydrates. It is important for the nurse to recommend eating pattern changes to the client in order to prevent an increase in which of the following?
triglycerides.
Herbal supplements are technically unapproved drugs and should not be consumed during pregnancy and lactation. This statement is:
true
Nonnutritive sweeteners, consumed at levels within the U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines, are believed to be safe for all pregnant women unless the woman has phenylketonuria. This statement is:
true
The nurse is aware that some vitamins exist in more than one form and have different functions depending on the chemical composition. Retinoic acid acts as a hormone to regulate growth. Which vitamin is this?
vitamin A
The nurse is reviewing the medication list of a client who is 10 weeks pregnant. The nurse needs to remind the client which of the following supplements is known to be teratogenic in larger doses?
vitamin A
The nurse has seen a client multiple times for vague complaints of headache, double vision, and hair loss. The client reports she has been taking high doses of supplements for several years. After reviewing her list, the nurse recognizes that the cause of the client's complaints might be which of the following?
vitamin A.
The nurse is concerned that a client eating a vegan diet is not consuming adequate amounts of some vitamins. What supplement is this client most likely to need?
vitamin B12
The nurse is seeing a client who states, "I do not recognize these ingredients. What is ascorbic acid?" The nurse explains that ascorbic acid is another name for which of the following vitamins?
vitamin C.
A client understands that eating some oils is important to ensure adequate consumption of all nutrients. Which nutrient is supplied by oils?
vitamin E
The nurse is seeing a client who is on anticoagulant therapy. The nurse should advise the client to take which supplement cautiously?
vitamin E
The nurse is assessing a new patient on the unit who was admitted with complaints of frequent epistaxis. The nurse is aware this may be related to a deficiency of which of the following vitamins
vitamin K.
The nurse is assessing a new patient on the unit who was admitted with complaints of frequent epistaxis. The nurse is aware this may be related to a deficiency of which of the following vitamins?
vitamin K.
A client wants a quick snack that he can just grab and go. Which snack can the nurse recommend that is also a good source of alpha-linolenic acid?
walnuts
The nurse is seeing a pregnant client who states she drinks approx. 24 ounces of coffee per day. The nurse should explain to the client that a high intake of caffeine during pregnancy is associated with which of the following?
low-birth-weight newborns.
The nurse is aware that minerals have important functions in helping to maintain homeostasis. Sodium, potassium, and chloride work together to do which of the following in the body?
maintain fluid balance.
While explaining homeostasis of the body to a client, the nurse states which of the following is a major function of electrolytes?
maintaining acid-base balance
The nurse is helping a client understand the new dietary restrictions that she needs to follow because of her newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. The client's BMI is currently 37. The nurse recognizes that this client is in which BMI category?
obesity class 2
The nurse calculates a client's BMI to be 42. This client is in which BMI category?
obesity class 3 Obesity class 3 is greater than 40; obesity class 2 is 35 to 39.9; obesity class 1 is 30 to 34.9; and there is no obesity class 4.
Which of the following foods would NOT be acceptable to serve a client who practices dietary restrictions of lacto-ovo-vegetarianism?
poultry
The nurse is discussing the benefits of fatty acids with a client. The nurse explains that EPA and DHA may play a role in which of the following?
preventing heart disease.
The nurse is seeing a parent with an 11-year-old boy for a well child visit. The parent expresses concern that the child has not grown as tall as the parent expected by this age. How should the nurse respond?
"A growth spurt should begin in about one year."
A client asks the nurse to explain the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. What statement would the nurse correctly include in the summary?
"Make high quality choices, within the right calorie limit."
How many servings of vegetables should the average American consume in a day?
2-2.5
When referring to body mass index (BMI), what number is correlated with the start of the obese category?
30
Dining out at restaurants and eating takeout are growing trends in America. What percentage of the food budget does the average American spend on food away from home?
40%
A recent U.S. study found what percentage of women experience excessive gestational weight gain? Enter the correct number ONLY.
73
A person who is close to death is unable to take anything by mouth and has refused a gastrostomy tube. How long is the estimated time that death will occur from dehydration?
A few days
The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) include four separate reference values that are based on the concepts of probability and risk. Which of the following is a CORRECT statement related to DRIs?
A nutrient has an EAR plus either an RDA or and AI.
A client is asking the nurse to explain Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). Which of the following definitions best describes DRIs?
A set of five nutrient-based reference values used to plan and evaluate diets
The nurse is discussing risks for chronic diseases with a community group. The group concludes that excessive fat found in which body part increases health risk most significantly?
Abdomen
The nurse is teaching a workshop on functional foods. Which active ingredient does the nurse identify as being associated with berries?
Anthocyanins
The nurse is concerned that a client of Japanese descent only drinks green tea for breakfast. What should the nurse do first to improve this client's nutrition for the first meal of the day
Ask what foods are preferred to eat for breakfast
The nurse is concerned that a client of Japanese descent only drinks green tea for breakfast. What should the nurse do first to improve this client's nutrition for the first meal of the day?
Ask what foods are preferred to eat for breakfast
A 68-year-old Asian American client who was recently diagnosed with type II diabetes has come to the clinic for a class on nutrition and diabetes. Which of the following nursing actions demonstrates respect for the client's culture?
Asking the client what foods he enjoys eating.
After completing a medication history the nurse is concerned that a client is at risk for a bleeding disorder. What information caused the nurse to have this concern?
Aspirin 325 mg and vitamin E 100 mg
A family is concerned that the multiple drugs their older family member is taking are adversely affecting his nutritional status. The nurse is aware that with the increase number of medications, the intake of which of the following has been noted to decrease?
B vitamins
The nurse is seeing a client in her first trimester of pregnancy. The client asks at what rate and how much weight she should gain. The nurse should inform the client that the amount of weight she needs to gain is based on which pre-pregnancy factor?
BMI
Which of the following is a CORRECT explanation about the relationship between breastfeeding and obesity?
Breastfed infants have a lower risk of obesity in some populations.
A client asks, the nurse, "What mineral is the most abundant in the body?" Which mineral should the nurse identify?
Calcium
A client asks the nurse about the availability of Kosher foods in the hospital. Kosher describes foods that are fit for consumption by which a client that identifies with which religion?
Jewish
For exercise, a client walks 15 minutes at a moderate pace, 7 days a week. How will the nurse document this activity?
Less than the recommended amount of exercise
The young nurse is finding it challenging to convince some older clients to make changes to improve their health and/or prevent chronic disease. What does the nurse need to realize about this situation?
Most older adults are more prone to accept changes in health as a normal aspect of aging.
The nurse is teaching a community nutrition class. Which fact about certified organic livestock will the nurse share with the participants?
Must be raised on 100% organic feed
A new father is asking for ways to help his child develop healthy eating habits. Which of the following is a recommendation for creating a positive eating environment?
Never force a child to eat.
How many extra calories per day should a client in her first trimester of pregnancy expect to eat?
No extra calories Additional calories are needed to support growth of the fetus and maternal tissues, but the inrease is relatively small. Regardless of maternal weight status, the Institute of Medicine (2009) recommends the following: 1st trimester: no extra calories; 2nd trimester: +340 cal/day, 3rd trimester: +452 cal/day.
The nurse prepares information for a client with heart disease. What information from the Dietary Guidelines should the nurse include specifically for this client?
Reduce sodium intake
The nurse recognizes that various situations will affect the nutritional status of hospitalized patients. Which of the following are steps the nurse can take to promote an adequate intake in the patients? Select all that apply.
Replace meals withheld for diagnostic tests. Discontinue IV therapy as soon as feasible. Order snacks and nutritional supplements
Which of the following is typically true of breaking news reports?
Results may be generalized to apply to a large population.
The nurse reviews actions to help a client reduce the total amount of saturated fat consumed. Which menu choice indicates that the client requires additional teaching?
Ribeye steak, green salad with Ranch dressing
A client states, "My wife wants me to try this Mediterranean diet. She says it will help me lose weight and help my heart." Which food(s) will the nurse recommend to align with the Mediterranean diet? Select all that apply.
Salmon with wild rice Roasted green beans Chicken with asparagus
A nurse is helping a client of Roman Catholic religion order lunch. The date is a Friday during the Lent season. What would be an appropriate meal to order for this client?
Salmon, roasted potatoes, and zucchini
The nurse notes a foodbone illness in the the history of a client whose primary concern is arthritis. A history of infection with which organism is potentially the cause of the client's arthritis?
Salmonella
Which food is a good source of vitamin C?
Spinach
A client who recently emigrated from another country arrived an hour late for a scheduled diagnostic test and is upset because the test needs to be rescheduled. What should the nurse suspect as the reason for the client's delay?
The client may come from a culture with a different interpretation of time.
A recently retired client states, "Now that I am retired, I want to focus on my health." The nurse reviews the client's medical history and lifestyle habits. Which finding would the nurse recommend the client focus on to improve their health?
The client smokes two cigarettes per day.
A client is asking for suggestions on ways to cut out extra calories in her diet. Which of the following are some suggestions that this client might try? Select all that apply.
Use smaller plates to encourage smaller portion size. Cook in smaller pans.
A client is being admitted to the hospital unit with abdominal pain and nausea. During the assessment, the nurse discovers that the client has been taking supplements in manner in which the vitamins could result in acting more as drugs. When do vitamins act as drugs in the body?
When they are taken in megadoses
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and United States Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS) consistently promote plant-based, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Mediterranean diets as healthy eating patterns. Which meal choice example would the nurse recommend to a client who would like to try a Mediterranean diet?
Whole wheat pita bread with hummus
The school health nurse is providing education to a group of children about the differing nutritional values of sugars. When discussing added sugars, the nurse knows teaching has been effective when the children state which of the following?
add sugars provide empty calories.
The majority of deaths from foodborne illnesses are caused by:
bacteria.
The nurse explains to a client that a food label includes all of the following with the exception of what information?
genetically modified organisms.
The nurse understands that triglycerides are composed of several elements. What serves as the backbone of triglycerides?
glycerol
The nurse is explaining to a group of college students how the body tries to maintain a steady supply of glucose for energy between meals. The nurse explains that the liver breaks down which substance to release glucose?
glycogen
The nurse instructs a client on nutrient dense foods. Which selection indicates that teaching has been effective?
green salad
The nurse is assisting at a nonprofit clinic that offers medical services for at-risk clients. During assessments, the nurse is aware that several factors can negatively influence the clients' nutritional status. Which of the following may be a factor? Select all that apply.
inadequate cooking arrangement low income impaired intake related to culture
The nurse is seeing a client who is upset that she is not experiencing a more substantial weight loss. The nurse reviews the client's food log and notes that she is limiting her fat intake but not her carbohydrates and protein. What might the nurse suggest that the client should do?
limit total calories, not just fat
The nurse recognizes that glucose, fructose, and galactose are also referred to as which of the following?
monosaccharides.
To help infants older than 6 months of age obtain adequate iron, which of the following types of meat would be best?
red meat - Chicken and turkey provide less heme iron than red meats. Hot dogs, sausages, and cold cuts are lower in iron and zinc than plain meats.
An expectant mother, pregnant with her third baby, is due in 6 weeks. She does not like milk or ready-to-eat cereals. She often leaves for her office job before the sun comes up and does not get home until after dark. The nurse knows that this pregnant woman needs vitamin D supplements for which of the following reasons?
reduce the risk of abnormal neonatal bone metabolism.
The nurse is aware that few foods naturally provide iodine. Which of the following is a natural source of iodine?
seafood
The nurse is aware that physical findings of malnutrition may not appear in which situation?
subclinical
The nurse recognizes what type of bread would be served during Passover for a client who is Jewish?
unleavened bread
Sluggish healing of a leg wound
vitamin K.
The majority of foodborne illnesses resulting in death are caused by:
bacteria.
The nurse is reviewing the food log of a client who follows a traditional Mexican American diet. What would the nurse likely observe about the client's eating pattern?
high vegetable protein
The school health nurse is preparing an educational session for students in the school. The nurse correctly includes in the presentation that plants use glucose for energy, however, glucose that is not used for immediate energy is stored in the form of which of the following?
starch.
The nurse is seeing a client who is newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The client tells the nurse she does not want to consume chemical based nonnutritive sweeteners. Which of the following sugar alternatives should the nurse recommend?
stevia Stevia is produced from the stevia plant, an herb. The other choices are produced by mixing various chemicals.
Stereotyping must be avoided in assessing clients from different cultures. Within any dominant cultural group, individuals exist with distinctive characteristics that affect food intake and nutritional level. The group of such individuals is identified as a:
subgroup.
The nurse is assessing a new client to the unit for possible malnutrition. The nurse is aware that the physical findings are:
subjective.
The nurse recognizes that disaccharides are composed of two sugar molecules. The combination of glucose and fructose creates:
sucrose.
The nurse is reviewing a client's food log to evaluate how well the client is adapting and changing his diet to lose weight. Which of the following items should the client change to a more nutrient-dense food choice?
sweetened fruit yogurt Sweetened fruit yogurt contains extra sugars that would classify as empty calories. The other choices are good choices to cut extra sugar from the diet. The sweetened fruit yogurt should be replaced by plain yogurt with fresh fruit.
The nurse suspects that a client may be malnourished because of which of the following symptoms found during an assessment? Select all that apply.
swollen neck glands depressed mood loss of balance
The nurse recognizes that a client with a healthy BMI may still be undernourished for which of the following reasons?
the BMI cannot provide information about nutritional status
A father is concerned because his baby spits up a small amount of formula after many feedings. Which of the following should the nurse recommend?
"Burp the infant more often."
The nurse's community nutrition class is eager to learn about CBD products. Which information will the nurse provide?
"CBD can produce nasuea, fatigue, and irritability."
The nurse is seeing a client who prefers to incorporates cheese in most daily meals What can the nurse suggest to this client to help him decrease his fat intake but still use the cheese?
"Choose cheese with 3 grams of fat or less per serving."
The nurse prepares to assess the nutritional status of a client who recently immigrated from Jordan. Which question should the nurse use to understand the client's dietary preferences?
"Are there any foods that you will not eat?"
A nurse is providing nutrition education for a group of parents. Which of the following should she recommend for formula feeding?
"Be consistent about formula temperature."
A nurse has been trying to teach a client newly diagnosed with diabetes how to interpret food labels and recognize sugars. The client is very upset. He understood about "glucose" but considered "fructose" to be safe to eat without monitoring the amount of intake. Which of the following would be an appropriate response from the nurse?
"Fructose is changed to glucose by the liver."
The nurse is teaching the caregiver of an older adult client about the diet the health care provider has recommended. The goal is to increase caloric intake while improving the client's overall nutritional status. The nurse recognizes that the training has been successful when the caregiver says:
"He can still have his favorite food, ice cream."
A parent is asking the school health nurse how much her son is expected to grow before he reaches puberty. Which is the correct response from the nurse?
"He will grow 2 to 3 inches per year."
A client says to the nurse, "Why are there so many herbal supplements? I see them for sale at the gas station! Are they even safe?" Which reply will the nurse offer? Select all that apply.
"Herbal supplements are the fastest growing sector of the supplement market." "They are required to be free of contaminants or impurities."
The nurse reviews the caloric intake requirement for a client with a prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) 21 of in the 20th week of gestation. Which client statement indicates that teaching has been effective?
"I should add 400 calories per day to my diet."
A woman who is 32 weeks pregnant was diagnosed with gestational diabetes one week ago. The nurse knows that teaching has been effective when the woman states which of the following?
"I should exercise if there are no medical or obstetrical complications."
The nurse is teaching the client about healthy consumption of carbohydrates. The nurse is sure that teaching has been effective when the client makes what statement?
"I should plan my intake to increase fiber and limit added sugars."
The nurse is teaching the family and a client who is newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Further teaching is needed when a family member makes which statement?
"I will fry potato chips without salt at home this weekend."
The nurse has been teaching a patient with cancer about the food recommendations specific to the American Cancer Society Guidelines for Nutrition and Physical Activity for Cancer Prevention. The nurse knows that the client needs more teaching when the client makes which statement?
"I will increase my consumption of red meats."
A client who makes healthy food choices throughout the week states, "I miss having an ice cream cone on Fridays as a reward for finishing the week." Which teaching will the nurse provide?
"Ice cream is fine as long as you eat it infrequently and in small amounts."
The nurse is teaching a 23-year-old female client about diet. Which client statement requires nursing intervention?
"If I drink alcohol, I will limit myself to 2 drinks per day."
The nurse is sharing information with a group of clients about healthy eating guidelines that are based on evidence. What is an example the nurse will provide as a characteristic of a healthy eating pattern?
"Include a variety of colors of fruits and vegetables."
A client tells the nurse, "I am having a really hard time and am making bad food choices too often." Which response from the nurse is appropriate?
"Let us review what kinds of foods you are eating."
A nurse is preparing to participate in an outreach program on nutrition in a predominantly Asian American community. To provide beneficial information, the nurse should keep in mind aspects of dietary acculturation. Which of the following statements by the nurse would be most constructive in altering behavior in this population?
"Let's talk about serving size when choosing foods."
A client asks how to avoid consuming empty calories. Which of the following is the nurse's best response?
"Limit foods that have sugar listed in the first few ingredients."
A client beginning a weight loss program asks the nurse to explain the amount of fat that should be consumed each day since there are no recommendations to be found on the internet. What should the nurse respond to this client?
"Limit the intake to be between 20-35% of total calories."
A client is questioning what it means to take a "megadose." How should the nurse respond?
"Megadoses are amounts at least 10 times greater than the RDA."
A client asks the nurse for an explanation of MyPlate. What statement would the nurse include in the response?
"MyPlate is a graphical depiction of a place setting with one-quarter of the plate devoted to grains."
A client asks a nurse about functional foods. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
"Natural functional foods are the foundation of a healthy diet."
Which client statement indicates to the nurse that teaching about dietary supplements has been effective?
"Once a supplement is marketed, the burden falls on the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to prove it is unsafe."
The home health nurse is discussing risks for bone loss with a client. Which statement indicates the client correctly understands how bone loss changes as humans age?
"Since I am 64, I have been losing bone mass for about 34 years."
Which of the following are CORRECT statements made by a pregnant woman with phenylketonuria (PKU)? Select all that apply.
"Synthetic amino acids must be consumed via medical foods during pregnancy." "Eggs, dairy products, and nuts must be eliminated during pregnancy." "Phenylalanine must be provided in the diet."
The student asks the nurse to explain the role of nutrient reference values when planning eating patterns. Which of the following is the best response by the nurse?
"The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are a set of five nutrient-based reference values used to plan and evaluate diets."
The nurse is caring for a client who has minimal financial resources. The client states, "I cannot afford to eat fresh organic vegetables, so sometimes I get canned organic products, but more often I just skip vegetables altogther." Which response by the nurse is most appropriate to assist the client in making good nutritional choices?
"The benefits of eating fresh produce outweigh any potential risks of pesticide exposure."
A client wants to lose weight and asks the nurse about herbal supplements for this purpose. Which information will the nurse share?
"The composition of ingredients cannot be ensured, so effectiveness may be altered."
The nurse is seeing a client who asks, "why are the trace mineral amounts for fruits and vegetables not available to consumers?" Which of the following is the nurse's best response?
"The mineral content depends on the soil and water where the produce is grown."
While instructing on vitamin supplements the client states the intention to not take the supplements as prescribed. Which is the best response for the nurse to make to this client?
"They are essential to life and are needed for regular body processes."
A client who was diagnosed with diabetes many years ago expresses frustration over their disease and asks the nurse, "It does not seem like anything is helping. Can you tell me about lifestyle medicine? Maybe that will work." Which statement(s) aligns with lifestyle medication? Select all that apply.
"This approach requires major lifestyle changes such as losing weight and changing your diet." "This is not a quick fix. Results will take time and require a long-term commitment." "Your home and community will need to be examined for contributing factors."
A client reports eating half a large tomato, 1 piece of whole wheat toast with 1 tablespoon of peanut butter, and 1 medium banana for breakfast. Which response will the nurse make when assessing this intake?
"This was a healthy set of breakfast food choices."
A client is distressed because a weight loss diet that focused on glycemic load has not resulted in an appreciable reduction in weight. What should the nurse respond to this client?
"Unfortunately, claims that a low glycemic index diet promotes weight loss aren't proven."
A family is touring a long-term care facility to determine whether it is a good place for their older family member. What is the best way for the nurse to describe the nutritional options offered by the facility?
"We offer a liberal healthy diet with emphasis on nutrient-dense foods."
A client has been following a low-carb diet and losing weight. However, today she comes in for a follow-up visit and asks whether she should change to a low-fat diet because family members are telling her it is better. How should the nurse respond?
"What matters most is a decrease in calories. Follow the plan you are most comfortable with."
A pregnant woman is in the first trimester of her first pregnancy. The nurse knows that this woman needs more teaching when she states the following?
"With careful food selections during pregnancy, I will be able to consume enough iron in my diet to avoid the possibility of having iron-deficiency anemia." is incorrect because even with careful selections, women are not likely to consume adequate amounts of iron during pregnancy from food alone.
An older adult client has come in for a follow-up visit after a hospitalization for constipation. The client complains that his family will not let him eat what he wants to. The nurse recognizes the family has a knowledge deficit when one family member says which of the following to the client?
"You can only have what is on the list."
The nurse is seeing a client who is trying to get pregnant. The client asks whether or not she should stop drinking alcohol. Which of the following responses by the nurse is correct?
"You should completely avoid alcohol before and during pregnancy."
The nurse is teaching a client how to construct a meal based on MyPlate. Which information will the nurse convey?
"Your plate should have 1/4 of it taken up by grains."
A female client has asked the nurse about including alcohol in a healthy diet. When teaching the client about moderation in drinking, what is the maximum number of drinks per day the nurse would recommend for this client? Record the answer as a whole number.
1
A nurse is lecturing a class of nursing students about nutrition in children. The students are given an assignment to plan a healthy diet for an 8-year-old. What would be the best breakfast?
1 cup of oatmeal, 1 cup of strawberries, 8 oz of 1% milk, and 1 piece of wheat toast with 1 tsp of butter
The nurse has calculated an unintentional percent weight change in the client to be 5 percent. This is concerning if it occurs over:
1 month.
A client is questioning her calcium intake and wonders whether she should take supplements. The nurse recognizes that this 65-year-old female has a Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for calcium of how much?
1,200 mg/day
The nurse is counseling a young female adult who needs approximately 2000 cal/day to maintain her weight. The client has set a goal to lose one pound per week. The nurse should recommend that the client instead, consume how many calories per day to achieve her goal?
1,500
The nurse is helping a pregnant female form a weight loss plan to be implemented after the birth of her baby. If this woman is 5 feet 5 inches tall, which of the following is an ideal weight for her?
125 pounds The Hamwi method to compute an ideal body weight for females is to allow 100 pounds for the first 5 feet of height, then add 5 pounds for each additional inch of height. For a female who is 5 feet 5 inches tall, 5 ft = 100; 5 in. x 5 = 25; 100 + 25 = 125.
When providing nutritional information to a client seeking to make eating pattern changes, the nurse correctly states the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for total carbohydrate intake for adults is how much?
130 g/day.
The nurse is seeing 12 year old regarding concerns about eating and growth. The nurse is correct to inform the client that he should be having how much calcium daily?
1300 mg
Gestational hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to _____ mmHg or a diastolic reading greater than or equal to 90 mmHg with onset after 20 weeks of gestation and without proteinuria. Enter the correct number ONLY.
140
How many milligrams of iron per day should a postpubescent, 14-year-old girl consume?
15
The nurse is helping a client learn how to count carbohydrates for a low-carbohydrate diet. The nurse explains that a 1 ounce-serving of grain is estimated to provide how many grams of carbohydrates?
15
The nurse is concerned that a client who is 5 ft. 10 in. tall (1.78 meters) is too thin. If the client's current weight is 110 lbs., what is this client's current body mass index?
15.78 To calculate body mass index, divide the weight in kg by the height in meters' squared. For this client, the weight of 110 lbs. is equal to 50 kg (110/2.2). The height in meters' squared is 1.78 x 1.78 = 3.1684. Then divide the weight by the height or 50/3.1684 = 15.78. The client's body mass index is 15.78. The answer choices of 18.32, 21.67, and 24.80 are incorrect calculations of this client's body mass index.
A client has brought in a food log with the grams of carbohydrates noted. The log shows: breakfast - 1 cup plain yogurt, 1 cup whole-oat cereal, 1 cup black coffee, 3/4 cup grapefruit juice; lunch - 2 slices whole-wheat bread, 3 oz cold chicken breast, 2 slices leaf lettuce, 1 slice Swiss cheese, 1 med apple, 1 cup skim milk; and dinner - 3 oz poached salmon with dill, 1/2 cup baked potato, 1/2 cup steamed asparagus, 1 cup green salad with oil and vinegar dressing, and 1 cup sliced strawberries. Approximately how many grams of carbohydrates did this client consume on this day? (Round to the nearest whole number.)
150
The nurse is discussing sodium intake with a group of college students. The nurse explains that the AI for their age group is how much?
1500 mg/day
A client reports eating 24 cookies. The nutrition label states the following: serving size = 2 cookies; servings per container = 12; total fat 6 g, total carbohydrates 18 g, and total protein 1g. How many calories will the nurse document this client consumed?
1560
The overweight range for an eight-year-old boy includes BMIs between which of the following?
18 and 20.
A client's food diary indicates that lunch consisted of a 4-ounce ground beef patty (85% lean) with no bun, 1 teaspoon of mustard, 1 ounce of onion slices, 1 ounce of tomato slices, a small apple, and a glass of iced tea. In helping the client analyze the meal, how many calories in this meal should the nurse point out are related to the fat content?
180
Drinking alcohol in moderation means how many drinks per day for men? Enter the correct number ONLY.
2
Per MyPlate recommendations, how many cups of raw, leafy green vegetables should adults consume daily?
2
MyPlate attempts to limit confusion regarding appropriate portion size by linking specific amounts of foods to the total number of calories in a food plan. What recommendation coincides with a 2,000-calorie daily food plan?
2 1/2 cups of vegetables per day
The nurse was a guest speaker in a high school nutrition class and delivered a lesson on safe food handling with an emphasis on handwashing. The following weekend, a student from the class attended a family picnic and utilized the information learned. What is the minimum number of seconds the student washed their hands during food preparation for the picnic? Provide your answer as a whole number.
20 seconds
The nurse is aware that no AI or RDA has been established for fat consumption. However, the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range is estimated to be which of the following for adults?
20% to 35% of calories
The nurse is caring for an adult client who is concerned with protein intake. The client says, "I want to reduce my risk of chronic disease but still get enough essential nutrients." The client eats a 2,000-calorie diet each day. How many calories should come from protein each day?
200-700 calories The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs) are broad ranges for each macronutrient expressed as a percentage of total calories consumed. The AMDR for adults for protein is 10%-35% of the total number of calories consumed. Since the client is eating 2,000 calories per day, the AMDR would be 200-700. The AMDR for adults for carbohydrates is 45%-65% (900-1300) of total calories consumed. The AMDR for adults for fat is 20%-35% (400-700) and 5%-10% of total calories (100-200) consumed for linoleic acids.
The nurse recognizes that a client's BMI is a key factor of the nutrition assessment. The nurse determines that a client who weighs 68 kilograms and stands 1.7 meters tall has a BMI (rounded to closest 1/10th) of:
23.4.
The nurse is helping a client review the nutritional content of a recent meal. The meal consisted of 1 cup of broiled chicken breast, 1 cup of cooked brown rice, 1/2 cup of steamed broccoli, a small apple, and 1 cup (30 mL) of low-fat milk. How many carbohydrate calories would the nurse indicate the meal contained?
248 First determine the number of grams of carbohydrates contained in the meal. Chicken breast: This item contained no carbohydrates. Brown rice: Since 1/2 cup of cooked whole grain contains 15 g of carbohydrates, the full cup of rice contained 30 g. Broccoli: There are 5 g of carbohydrates in 1/2 cup of non-starchy vegetables. Apple: A small piece of fruit contains 15 g of carbohydrates. Milk: One cup of milk contains 12 g of carbohydrates. Therefore, the total meal contained 62 grams of carbohydrates. (0 + 30 + 5 + 15 + 12 = 62) Since there are 4 calories in each gram of carbohydrate, this meal contained 248 carbohydrate calories. (4 cal/g × 62 g = 248 cal)
The nurse is teaching a nutrition class to a group of adults. The nurse indicates that the Adequate Intake (AI) for total fiber is set at which of the following amounts?
25 g/day for women; 38 g/day for men
Based on a review of an adult client's eating pattern, the nurse estimates that the client consumes a total of 2500 calories per day. When providing client teaching based on MyPlate, the nurse will indicate that intake of added sugar should be kept below what level?
250 calories/day
The client is being admitted for outpatient surgery. During the assessment, the nurse notes the client is 6 ft 3 in tall and weighs 97 kg. What is this client's BMI?
27 The formula to calculate BMI is weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared or weight in pounds divided by height in inches squared multiplied by 703. First, convert the 97 kg to pounds by multiplying by 2.2 (97 × 2.2 = 213.4); and then 213.4 / 5625 × 703 = 26.67 or rounded up to 27.
A client has asked the nurse, "What is the recommended intake for iron during pregnancy?" What is the nurse's correct response?
27 mg/day
The nurse is discussing weight gain with a group of pregnant women in a prenatal clinic. One of the women in the group has been measured with a body mass index (BMI) of 17.5. The nurse knows this client should gain how much weight during her pregnancy?
28 to 40 pounds
Women use approximately _____ calories above their normal total daily calorie needs to produce breast milk. Enter the correct number ONLY.
500
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that infants be exclusively breastfed for the first ______ months of life. Enter the correct number ONLY.
6
The nurse recognizes that the most common monosaccharides contain how many carbon atoms?
6
When determining dietary needs for individuals, which assessment data indicates to the nurse that a client is underweight?
64 inches tall, weight of 100 pounds - The nurse will calculate body mass index (BMI) based on this formula: weight (lb) / [height (in)]2 x 703. A client of 64 inches and 100 pounds has a BMI of 17.2 which is underweight. A client of 62 inches and 110 pounds has a BMI of 20.1 which is categorized as a normal weight. A client of 67 inches and 170 pounds has a BMI of 26.6 which is categorized as overweight. A client of 69 inches and 210 pounds has a BMI of 31 which is classified as obesity.
The nurse is reviewing a client's food log on a follow-up visit. The client has noted the calories by fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. However, the client has not included any calories from the glass of wine she drinks every evening. The nurse points out that alcohol contains how much energy?
7 cal/gram.
Which older adult does the nurse identify that would benefit most from a frailty screening?
71-year-old vegetarian taking vitamin D supplementation and with difficulty climbing stairs -Although all older adult clients can benefit from screening for frailty, this process is absolutely recommended for all adults age 70 years and older and anyone with significant weight loss (5% or more over the last year) due to chronic illness. Screening includes asking about the presence of fatigue, a number of health conditions, ability to walk up 1 flight of stairs and 1 block, and whether there has been a weight loss of 5% or more within the past 6 months. All of these clients have some degree of risk. The client who is 71 years old has a cumulative concern. First, the client's age is greater than 70. Second, the client has difficulty climbing stairs. Third, the presence of vitamin D supplementation indicates a vitamin D deficiency which places the client at higher risk for fall, hip fractures, and mortality. The 62-year-old client has fatigue due to a health condition, yet their weight is normal and their age is under 70. The 64-year-old client is not over 70 and has engaged in intentional weight loss of 3% (not greater than 5%) in 6 months. The 76-year-old client of 68 inches and 160 pounds has a body mass index (BMI) of 24.3 which is considered normal weight. There is not an indication that this individual has any other risk factors besides age.
A client has asked the nurse how many grams of vitamin C she and her husband should take on a daily basis. The nurse explains that the recommended amounts are:
75 mg for women and 90 mg for men.
The nurse suspects that the change to a liberal eating plan in the skilled nursing facility has improved the overall general health of the residents. What did the nurse observe to make this decision?
A 35% improvement in the healing of pressure injuries
A nurse is dicussing nutrition with a client who follows a traditional Chinese eating pattern. What does the nurse recognize as a healthy aspect of this diet?
A variety of vegetables are used extensively.
The nurse works in a hospital that is located in a lower income part of the city that is classified as an urban food desert. The nurse is participating in a multidisciplinary task force within the hospital to address food insecurity in the surrounding community. Making a decision based on available research, which proposal to mitigate food insecurity in the community will the nurse support?
A weekly subsidized farmers' market providing free or low cost produce within the neighborhood
The health care provider determines that a client's vision changes are associated with a low intake of vitamin A. What should the nurse suggest to the client to increase the absorption of this vitamin?
Add carrots to a mixed salad with olive oil
The nurse is providing acute care discharge instruction to a client who is now medically stable and plans to have outpatient care to treat remaining wounds. Which nutrtitional advice does the nurse offer to maximize wound healing?
Add skim milk powder to reduced fat milk.
The nurse is teaching a prenatal course to pregnant adolescents. Which education will this nurse include in the curriculum? Select all that apply.
Adolescents are at increased risk for low birth weight (LBW) infants due to their poor intake and status of certain micronutrients, such as folate, iron, and vitamin D You may not have adequate nutrient stores because you need large amount of nutrients for your own growth and development.
A client was surprised to learn that over 70% of adults are considered overweight in America and asks the nurse for more information on this topic. Which statement is true regarding nutrition-related health conditions in the United States?
Adults aged 60 and over have a lower rate of obesity than do younger adults.
The nurse is correct to tell a family that their child should begin adult sized portions of food at what age?
Age 4-6
The nurse is teaching a class for prenatal nutrition, focusing on teratogens. What food source should the nurse include as a teratogen?
Alcohol
A client asks a nurse for nutritional advice when eating out at an Italian restaurant. Which calorie-laden sauce would the nurse recommend the client avoid?
Alfredo
Many health agencies publish guidelines or recommendations for healthy eating, including the American Heart Association, the American Cancer Society, and the American Institute for Cancer Research. The recommendations are similar to each other and to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans in recommending which of the following? Select all that apply.
Become more physically active. Choose more nutrient-dense foods. Limit alcohol intake.
The student nurse is preparing to teach a group of high school students about modifiable risk factors for chronic disease. Which statement from the students indicates they gained knowledge about the topic?
Binge drinking is responsible for over half of all deaths related to excessive alcohol use.
A nurse is learning more about food beliefs associated with various religions. Which of the following religions has a moral code that focuses on making thoughtful decisions about food
Buddhism
Acculturation occurs as people who move to a different cultural area adopt the beliefs, values, attitudes, and behaviors of the dominant culture. Which statement accurately reflects this process as it relates to food and nutrition?
Children tend to adopt new ways quickly as they learn from other children at school.
The nurse is seeing an adolescent client who frequently skips meals. Which of the following information can the nurse offer the client about this eating behavior?
Children who skip breakfast may also exercise infrequently.
A client is interested in using coconut oil instead of olive oil. Which statement made by the nurse is correct?
Coconut oil is higher in saturated fats than olive oil.
A client in remission from colon cancer wishes to modify nutrition intake to maximize health. Which recommendation will the nurse make?
Consider transitioning to a plant-based diet.
The 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans have made some key recommendations for managing weight. The nurse recognizes that men who are over 76 years old and sedentary should be encouraged to observe which recommendation?
Consume 2000 calories per day
A client asks if there are any specific limits that should be practiced when adhering to the Dietary Guidelines. What should the nurse respond to this client?
Consume less than 10% of calories from added sugars
The nurse is teaching a community nutrition class about the use of food biotechnology. The nurse identifies that over 90% of which crop in the United States is grown using biotechnology?
Corn
The nurse is teaching a client the difference between vegetable types so that a variety can be consumed. Which vegetable(s) will the nurse teach that is considered starchy? Select all that apply.
Corn There are five subgroups of vegetables: dark green, red and orange, legumes, starchy, and other. Corn is considered to be a starchy vegetable, as is a potato. Carrots belong to the red and orange subgroup. Green beans are part of the dark green subgroup. Tomatoes are in the red and orange subgroup, and are technically considered to be a fruit. Peas are in the legume subgroup.
The nurse instructs a client on ensuring adequate nutrition when eating in a restaurant. Which meal selection indicates that additional teaching is required?
Crispy clam strips with coleslaw
The nurse is using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) to measure a client's diet quality. Which food(s) belongs in the Adequacy group? Select all that apply.
Dairy Fatty acids Beans
The nurse is concerned that a client has been dehydrated and is refusing to drink adequate amounts of fluids. After reviewing the client's history and talking with the client, all of the following except what could be the cause?
Decreased kidney function
The nurse is caring for an older adult client with osteoporosis. Which age-related change does the nurse identify as a possible contributor to the client's condition?
Decreased kidney function -The nurse is aware that impaired kidney function may alter vitamin D metabolism and contribute to the client's osteoporosis. Impaired hearing may impede socialization and immune response dysregulation may increase susceptibility to illness, but these issues are not directly related to the client's osteoporosis. Decreased gastric acid secretion may result in reduced absorption of iron and vitamin B12; however, it does not directly impact bone density. Add a Note
The nurse is seeing an older adult client who reports diminished hunger. The nurse recognizes this is likely related to which of the following physiological changes of aging?
Decreased metabolic rate
Nutritional requirements for which of the following increase from 18 mg for nonpregnant women to 27 mg during pregnancy?
Iron
The nurse is discussing options for healthier eating with a client. Which option correctly describes what the DASH eating plan stands for?
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
To obtain an adequate history and ascertain nutritional risk, which of the following would be an appropriate question for the nurse to ask?
Do you avoid any particular foods?
The nurse realizes there are Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) that estimate necessary nutrient intake and other reference sets that pertain to calories, one of which is the Estimated Energy Requirements (EERs). Which statement is true of EERs?
EERs estimate intake required to maintain weight.
The nurse is teaching a client about healthy food choices and setting reasonable goals for weight loss. Which recommendation(s) will the nurse provide? Select all that apply
Eat out less often Bring healthy snacks from home to work Keep a log of foods eaten daily
The nurse is teaching a client about healthy food choices and setting reasonable goals for weight loss. Which recommendation(s) will the nurse provide? Select all that apply.
Eat out less often Bring healthy snacks from home to work Keep a log of foods eaten daily
Which of the following statements express the basic principles of healthy eating before, during, and after pregnancy? Select all that apply.
Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables. Eat whole-grain bread and cereals. Eat lean protein foods.
To assist in nutrition screening in the community, the local older adult center has developed a screen to help identify individuals at high risk for malnutrition. Which of the following risk factors might be included?
Eats alone most of the time
A client's son is frustrated that the client is not eating enough. "He just says he isn't hungry and won't eat," the son says. During the assessment, the client tells the nurse all food tastes bland. Which of the following suggestions might improve this client's diet?
Enhance flavor with seasonings.
The nurse is aware that the strongest evidence for using CBD is its effectiveness in treating which condition?
Epilepsy syndromes that have poor response to antiseizure medications
The nurse is assessing a client's nutritional status. When asked about the use of supplements, the 65-year-old female states that she is taking one prenatal vitamin with iron every morning and has been for the past 45 years. Why can this be concerning?
Excessive iron can affect a person's zinc status.
A client desires to follow the Healthy Vegetarian eating pattern but does not consume eggs. What should the nurse recommend to this client?
Increase the intake of soy products
The nurse is seeing a client who is frustrated with a failure to reduce unwanted body fat. The nurse explains fat has which of the following important functions in the body?
Fat cushions internal organs to protect them from mechanical injury.
Which beverage is the most nutrient-dense choice?
Fat-free milk
A healthy adult client wants to include nutrient-dense foods in their diet. Which milk product is the best choice for this client?
Fat-free milkPer MyPlate, which category do nuts belong to?
The nurse informs a community nutrition class that standards for foods to be labeled organic are established at which level?
Federal
The nurse is helping a client pick better choices to decrease solid fat intake. Which of the following is the best choice(s)? Select all that apply.
Flaxseed Walnuts Canned tuna
A client with a history of prehypertension currently has a blood pressure of 110/88 mm Hg. Which information provided in the health history most likely contributed to the lowering of this client's blood pressure?
Following the DASH diet for 3 months
The nurse is preparing to teach a nutrition class. In order to explain the benefits of food irradiation, which of the following points should the nurse include?
Food irradiation reduces food borne illness.
The Buddhist code of morality is given in the Five Moral Precepts. In regard to food, which of the following statements is correct?
Food selections can be a factor in spiritual enlightenment.
The nurse is seeing a pregnant woman who has phenylketonuria (PKU). The client should be taught which of the following?
Foods high in phenylalanine are meat, fish, poultry, and dairy products.
The school nurse is teaching nutrition to a second grade class. In helping the students make better choices, which of the following should be emphasized? Select all that apply.
Fresh fruit Whole-grain toast Low-fat milk
It has been said that the Western diet includes a high proportion of calorie-dense foods. Which food is an example of a calorie-dense food?
Fried fish
The nurse is discussing fat with a group of high school students. The nurse divides the students into groups and assigns each group to plan a breakfast with the lowest fat content. Which of the following groups is successful in the challenge?
Group 2- 1 cup plain reduced-fat yogurt, 1 cup blueberries, 1 cup black coffee
The nurse knows that religion influences many aspects of the client's life. Which dietary standard represents permitted foods according to the Islamic religion?
Halal
Obesity has been the subject of a great deal of research in recent years. Which statement best reflects the application of nutrigenomics to obesity?
Having the gene associated with fat mass variation and obesity makes an individual susceptible to obesity.
A client with lactose intolerance asks for assistance selecting an eating plan that will help with weight reduction. Which eating pattern should the nurse recommend to this client?
Healthy Mediterranean-Style
A Roman Catholic client has informed the nurse that the priest is coming to give communion in about 30 minutes. The lunch trays are being passed out on the unit. What action would be appropriate for the nurse at this time?
Hold the client's lunch tray until after the client has received communion.
The nurse is providing education about nutrition to a community with a predominantly Hispanic American population. Which nutrition-related health factor is associated with Hispanic or Latino American clients when compared to their non-Hispanic White counterparts?
Increased prevalence of diabetes
According to Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025, proper nutrition ideally begins at which life stage?
Infancy
After learning about the history of intake guidelines, students know that simply reading a food's nutrition facts label may not be enough to understand the health effects of the food. Which statement reflects the current focus of work in nutrients and food?
Intake guidelines that focus solely on nutrients can can underestimate the complexity of food.
When educating a client about nutrition, which statement from the nurse describes food away from home?
It accounts for more than 40% of food spending.
Each vitamin has important functions that are necessary to maintain homeostasis. Which of the following is an important role of vitamin A?
It assists with immune function.
When educating high school students about adolescent pregnancy, which teaching will the nurse give?
It increases health risks to both infant and mother.
The nurse should correctly explain to a client that the following is a function of vitamin E?
It is a primary fat-soluble antioxidant.
When describing the overall goals of Dietary Guidelines for Americans to a client who wants to make changes in his eating pattern, which is the best way for the nurse to describe this initiative?
It is an initiative aimed at helping people make higher quality food choices.
A 58-year-old obese female has just been diagnosed with osteoarthritis. The nurse suggests that this client try to lose weight for which of the following reasons?
It will relieve symptoms in the weight-bearing joints.
A nurse is seeing a client who reports she is concerned about free radicals. The client is seeking nutritional guidance to prevent the damage that can be cause by them. Which of the following foods can the nurse recommend for prevention?
Leafy green vegetables
The nurse thinks that a client could benefit from a vitamin supplement. What finding did the nurse use to make this clinical determination?
Leaves salad and vegetables uneaten on meal tray
In discussing regulation of health claims with a client, which claim does the nurse question as requiring United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval?
Lessens stress The nurse identifies reduction of stress as being a structure/function claim; thus, it does not require approval from the FDA. The nurse is aware that claims that a product lowers risk of hypertension, cancer, or cardiovascular disease can be either qualified or unqualified health claims, both of which do require FDA approval.
The nurse is discussing the problem with sugary beverages with a group of young adult students. The students correctly identify that the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendation is to limit sugar-sweetened beverages how much?
Limited to fit within individual calories requirements
Breast milk contains enzymes to help with the digestion of which nutrients? Select all that apply.
Lipids Carbohydrates -Breast milk contains amylase to promote carbohydrate digestion when pancreatic amylase levels are low and contains lipases to promote fat digestion. High cholesterol content may help infants develop enzyme systems capable of handling cholesterol later in life.
The nurse is discussing pathogens which may be responsible for a client's foodborne illness. Which pathogen does the nurse question as being among the top four causes of illness inconfirmed, single-etiology foodborne illness outbreaks?
Listeria
The nurse is teaching a pregnant client about safety issues during a prenatal visit. The nurse advises the client that infection with which foodborne organism typically results in spontaneous abortion or stillbirth?
Listeria monocytogenes
The nurse is educating a pregnant client and instructs her to avoid deli meats and unpasteurized cheeses. This is because of risk of infection with:
Listeria monocytogenes.
Food-borne risks are more dangerous during pregnancy. Which of the following statements about listeriosis and pregnancy is CORRECT?
Listeriosis during pregnancy can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, premature delivery, or neonatal infection.
A client with chronic constipation has just joined a nutrition class. The client is reluctant to make dietary changes stating, "Everything good for you tastes bad." The instructor educates the class on ways to increase fiber without sacrificing taste. Which of the following recommendation(s) should the nurse provide? Select all that apply.
Look for items made with whole 'white' wheat flour which derives from albino wheat and is a whole grain." "Many food items, such as yogurt for example, are offered in a high fiber version." "There are multiple types of beans which provide between 5-8 grams of fiber to meet your taste preference."
The nurse is aware that a loss of body fluids can lead to serious consequences. Which of the following can occur with a net water loss of 10%? Select all that apply.
Loss of balance Delirium Muscle spasm Dizziness
The nurse is discussing the structure of fat absorption with a group of students. The nurse explains which of the following deliver fat to the intestinal wall?
Micelles
A client presents with a Health Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) score of 53. The nurse knows this indicates the client has what quality of diet?
Low diet quality The total HEI score is a numeric value that provides an indication of overall diet quality. For Americans aged 2 and older, the average HEI-2015 score is 59 out of 100, indicating that typical eating patterns of Americans do not align with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The typical US diet is often described as "poor." A score of 53 would be described this way.
Which food choice will the nurse recommend to a client who wishes to increase their dietary intake of calcium?
Low-fat millk
The nurse is conducting a nutrition workshop to address nutrition-related health concerns at a local senior center. The workshop participants express concern about age-related macular degeneration. Which active ingredient does the nurse identify as assisting with this concern? Select all that apply.
Lutein Zeaxanthin
A client with concerns regarding a family history of Alzheimer's disease requests nutrition advice from the nurse. Which diet does the nurse suggest to the client?
Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet
Nutritional screening of older adults is an important aspect of the assessment to determine and identify potential nutritional problems. The nurse can use which of the following tools to perform the assessment?
Mini Nutritional Assessment, Short Form
The total diet approach to healthy eating encompasses several factors. Which statement is an accurate reflection of one of the parts of the total diet approach?
Nutrient density refers to the relative proportion of nutrients to calories in a food.
The nurse is teaching clients who wish to better their nutrition habits. Which food type will the nurse encourage the clients to primarily consume?
Nutrient-dense foods
The public health nurse is offering information for parents on nutrition for children. Which of the following is an effective strategy for getting a child on the path to healthy eating?
Offer new foods many times.
The nurse is aware that as individuals age, their need for calories decreases. For which of the following reasons is this true?
Older adults experience a decrease in metabolic rate.
A client wishes to increase intake of healthy fat sources while decreasing intake of saturated fat. Which oil will the client use when preparing a homemade salad dressing?
Olive
A nurse works in a community with a diverse population. The nurse is reviewing religious dietary laws. Clients identifiying with which religion(s) may abstain from pork for religious reasons? Select all that apply.
Orthodox Judaism Islamic Buddhism
When screening an adolescent for obesity, which risk factors will the nurse recognize? Select all that apply.
Parental obesity Inadequate sleep Low family income
Which of the following about general growth during adolescence is CORRECT?
Peak growth of females occurs before that of males
When reviewing the functions of lipids with a group of nursing students, the nurse explains that one lipid acts as an emulsifier. Which statement is true of an emulsifier?
Phospholipids surround fats and keep them suspended in blood and other fluids.
Which beverage will the nurse teach the client to choose most often in order to follow a healthy eating pattern?
Plain water
Lifestyle medicine incorporates the use of evidence-based lifestyle approaches to address chronic disease. Which therapeutic approach(es) is associated with lifestyle medicine? Select all that apply.
Plant-based diet Physical activity Stress management
The nurse is approached by the client's spouse who says, "He eats so poorly. I know that is what is making him so sick!" The nurse recognizes that diet plays a role in the risk for chronic diseases. Which eating pattern would the nurse recommend that is associated with positive health outcomes?
Plant-based eating pattern Examples of eating patterns consistently mentioned as healthy are plant-based eating patterns, the Mediterranean-Style Eating Pattern, and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. The nurse would recommend one of those as an eating pattern that promotes positive health outcomes. There is not an eating pattern called the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypercholesterolemia. Eating patterns associated with positive health outcomes are characterized by relatively high intakes of vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains, low- or nonfat dairy, lean meats and poultry, seafood, nuts, and unsaturated vegetable oils, so the nurse would not tell the client to reduce intake of seafood, nuts, and unsaturated vegetable oils. Eating patterns associated with detrimental health outcomes are higher in the intake of red and processed meats, sugar-sweetened foods and beverages, and refined grains, so the nurse would recommend decreasing intake of red meats and refined grains.
With some minerals, definitive blood tests are needed to diagnose whether the client is deficient or experiencing a toxicity. The nurse is aware that one mineral can result in muscle weakness when either deficiency or toxicity of this mineral occurs. Which mineral causes muscle weakness in both deficiency and toxicity?
Potassium
The nurse knows that food away from home (FAFH) is a driving force in nutrition trends. A client inquires of the nurse about current food consumption trends. The nurse would share that which food(s) are consumed at increased levels in food away from home? Select all that apply.
Potatoes Chicken Lettuce Cheese
During a home visit the nurse notes that a family of Hispanic descent who immigrated to the United States a few years ago is in the process of acculturation. What did the nurse observe to come to this conclusion?
Prepared frozen pizza for lunch
The nurse has been approached by a client who has just switched to a vegetarian diet. The client is concerned that they may have decreased their Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) score by eating more foods that should only be eaten in moderation. The client had cream of wheat with milk and a caramel latte for breakfast; a three-bean salad, a croissant, and a soda for lunch; pretzels, a breakfast toaster pastry, and a fruit-flavored beverage for a snack; and a black bean burger with french fries and a dessert for dinner. Which combination of foods contains only ones considered part of the Moderation group of the HEI-2015?
Pretzels, breakfast toaster pastry, fruit-flavored beverage The Moderation group of the HEI-2015 represents foods that should be limited and includes refined grains, added sugars, sodium, and saturated fats. The client ate several foods throughout the day from the Moderation group. Out of the available answers, only the snack consisting of pretzels (refined grains, sodium), breakfast toaster pastry (refined grains, added sugars), and fruit-flavored beverage (added sugars) includes only foods within the Moderation group. The cream of wheat, caramel latte, croissant, soda, fries, and dessert are also foods considered to fall within the Moderation group. The milk, three-bean salad, and black bean burger would fall under the Adequacy group.
A client asks the nurse about dietary considerations to support gastrointestinal health. Which active ingedient does the nurse identify as potentially assisting with the client's concern?
Probiotics
A client plans to move to Florida and is eager to learn about the health benefits of citrus fruits. Which potential health benefit does the nurse identify as being associated with citrus fruits?
Promote cellular antioxidant defenses
The nurse is providing education regarding protein requirements to an older adult client. Which information will the nurse provide to the client? Select all that apply.
Protein requirements for older adults increase in the presence of either acute or chronic diseases. Older adults need a higher protein intake than younger adults to promote muscle protein synthesis.
Per MyPlate, which category do nuts belong to?
Proteins
The nurse is assessing the dining room of a long-term care facility to see what improvements can be made to encourage the residents to eat more. Which of the following are strategies that can be used to promote better intake? Select all that apply.
Provide a neat and comfortable dining environment Family involvement increases resident intake Specialized utensils and dishes for residents with functional or cognitive impairments
A school nurse is teaching a class on nutrition to a group of 6th graders. Which function(s) should be listed on the student papers when the nurse asks each student to list all the functions of minerals they can remember? Select all that apply.
Provide structure to body parts like bones, nails, and tissue Maintain fluid balance and the balance of acid/base Promote muscle contractility and function
A client states she does not consume coffee in the mornings but would rather consume an energy drink. To replace the limited amount of two to three 8 oz cups of coffee, which energy drinks will be safest to consume 2 of per day during pregnancy? Select all that apply.
Red Bull Full Throttle Mountain Dew
A client who has been following the Healthy U.S.-Style Eating Plan expresses a desire to eat according to the Healthy Vegetarian Eating Pattern. The nurse communicates a list of foods to consume. The client will consume more of which item?
Red beans
In preparing to teach a community class on nutrition, the nurse becomes aware of which updates to the Nutrition Facts label? Select all that apply.
Serving sizes modified to be reflective of current consumption Amount of added sugar included on label
Preventable chronic diseases have proven to be a major global health challenge and many relate to nutrition. In which rank is diabetes mellitus, in order of prevalence, for number of deaths caused in 2018?
Seventh
The class was asked to give examples of nutrient-dense foods. Which food(s) is considered nutrient dense? Select all that apply.
Skim milk Broccoli Garbanzo beans
A client is taking a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for treatment of depression. The nurse should remind the client to avoid which of the following herbal supplements?
St. John's wort
The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is consistently mentioned as healthy by the United States Department of Agriculture and the United States Department of Health and Human Services. Which meal option(s) is an example of eating in accordance with the DASH diet? Select all that apply.
Steel-cut oats topped with cinnamon Fresh fruit salad topped with low-fat yogurt Tuna salad made with light mayonnaise Baked skinless chicken with wild rice
A client who is 6 feet 3 inches tall (1.91 meters) weighs 231 pounds (104.78 kg). Which type of teaching should the nurse prepare for this client?
Strategies to reduce weight
The nurse is encouraging clients attending a weight loss support group to read labels when buying foods. Which added substance does the nurse recommend clients avoid?
Sugars
The nurse knows the following statement(s) to be true regarding the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) values. Select all that apply.
The EAR is one of the four original nutrient-based standards of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). The EAR exceeds the requirements of half of the group and falls below the requirements of the other half.
The nurse is seeing a client who has been reading about the different nonnutritive sweeteners that are listed on his menu plan as acceptable alternatives to sugar. The client is questioning saccharin because he read that it is a potential carcinogen. How should the nurse respond?
The FDA has officially withdrawn the proposed ban because evidence is weak."
The nurse suspects that social factors are limiting a client's understanding of the diet restrictions he is to follow. Which of the following may be a factor?
The client is unable to read.
Vitamin B12
The nurse knows that what vitamin will be lacking in clients who do not consume animal products?
The nurse is conducting a nutrition class of individuals newly diagnosed with diabetes. The nurse explains that shortly after eating, what happens in the body?
The pancreas releases insulin to move the glucose from the blood stream to the individual cells.
Which of the following statements is MOST likely to be true?
The prevalence of overweight and obesity has been increasing in the United States for 4 decades.
A nurse is providing the class with the latest updates to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Which statement(s) is true of the new 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans? Select all that apply.
The term "dietary patterns" refers to the combination of foods and beverages that an individual consumes over a period of time. Dietary patterns considered "healthy" by the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines include plant-based diets. An individual's dietary patterns can be a better predictor of disease risk than are specific nutrients or foods.
A group of nurses have come together to help a local community that has been identified as a "food desert." The nurses have noted a high incidence of malnutrition-related symptoms in this community. Which of the following psychosocial factors may be contributing?
There is limited access to transportation to obtain food.
Parental support for a healthier lifestyle is vital to children. Parents also recognize that setting a good example for their children is important. Why do some parents who are overweight feel they cannot set a good example in diet and nutrition for their children?
They feel they cannot practice what they preach.
The nurse explains to a client that minerals function in various ways in the body. Which of the following are some general functions of minerals? Select all that apply.
They maintain pH. They stimulate muscle contractions.
During a home visit the nurse notes that a client's stage 2 pressure injury is not healing as quickly as expected. Why should the nurse assess this client's intake of carbohydrates?
They spare protein needed for healing
The nurse is providing a list to include which of the following types of fish that should not be eaten by women who are pregnant or breastfeeding? Select all that apply.
Tilefish Shark King mackerel
Although each culture has their own customs, there is a common element they all share. Which element is common between cultures?
To use food as a way to socialize
A student nurse is reviewing dietary standards in preparation for a test. The student recognizes which standard as presenting the highest level of average daily nutrient intake?
Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
The nurse is educating a group of students about the placement of Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) along the continuum of intake. Which nutrient-based standard is closest to the risk-of-toxicity side of the continuum?
Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
A new parent is asking for ways to help their child develop healthy eating habits. Which of the following is a recommendation for creating a positive eating environment?
Toys, books, and/or screens should be removed from the table.
The nurse is admitting a client onto the unit with a diagnosis of manganese toxicity. What symptoms would be expected in this client
Tremors
The nurse is admitting a client onto the unit with a diagnosis of manganese toxicity. What symptoms would be expected in this client?
Tremors
A client reports knowing that their diet should include more vegetables but says they dislike vegetables. Which recommendation will the nurse make?
Try different methods of preparation, such as roasting or grilling.
Which advice does the nurse question as being appropriate to assist a client who is making choices about supplement use?
Try many different supplements to see which one works best.
The nurse is discussing lowering sodium intake with a group of clients who have been diagnosed with hypertension. After the discussion, the group decides on a few suggestions. Which of the following are ways to cut sodium from the diet? Select all that apply.
Use fresh vegetables instead of pickled. Drain the fluid from canned vegetables and rinse the food before cooking. Use cheese sparingly.
Dieticians use nutrient recommendations for specific purposes. Which statement indicates an understanding of the appropriate application of nutrient recommendations?
Used to analyze the adequacy of an individual's intake
The nurse is caring for a patient who attended a large family gathering where many family members developed foodborne illness. Which action at the family event most likely caused the illness?
Using a cooler to bring food to the event, then setting the food out for the day
A student is studying for a test on the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) of nutrients. Which nutrients have an RDA? Select all that apply.
Vitamin C Magnesium Protein
Vitamins are complex organic compounds that are essential to life. Which of the following is a basic function of vitamins?
Vitamins assist in metabolism of energy.
The nurse is discussing the differences between fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins with a group of student nurses. Which of the following should the nurse be sure to include in the discussion?
Water-soluble vitamins are absorbed directly into the bloodstream.
The nurse is preparing community education regarding improving eating patterns. The nurse should include that consumption of high glycemic carbohydrates are associated with which of the following?
Weight gain over time
Which of the following groups will benefit from taking a supplement? Select all that apply.
alcoholics people who are food insecure individuals who take medications for chronic illness
The nurse is preparing an exercise session for a group of residents at a nursing home. The nurse recognizes that the session should be designed to accomplish which of the following?
allow the residents to exercise as their abilities permit
The body handles minerals differently depending on the source of the mineral. The nurse knows that the body absorbs what percent of phosphorus that is found in food preservatives (e.g., phosphoric acid)?
almost 100%
The nurse is reviewing the need for fatty acids with a client. The nurse recognizes that which of the following is the most prominent n-3 fatty acid in most Western diets?
alpha-linolenic acid
A client is concerned about free radicals and the potential damage they can cause. What substance can help to eliminate or lessen free radical damage?
antioxidants vitamins
A baby is 7 months old and can sit without being supported, puts food between her jaws, and eats mashed food from a spoon. Her development is _____ for her age.
appropriate
The nurse is seeing a teenaged client who is pregnant and has a BMI of 20. The nurse should recommend the client gain how much weight?
approximately 35 lbs
The nurse recognizes that nonnutritive sweeteners are produced from a variety of sources. One common sweetener is produced by combining amino acids aspartic acid and phenylalanine. This common nonnutritive sweetener is called which of the following?
aspartame
A nurse educator is providing education to students about the differences between the two major categories of vitamins. The nurse correctly explains fat-soluble vitamins transported through the blood in which of the following ways?
attached to protein carriers
The nurse is working with a client who is a vegan. The client does not want to use supplements to ensure an adequate intake of necessary dietary fats because of the likely animal source of the supplements. Which of the following foods can the nurse recommend to this vegan?
avocados
A client has asked the nurse to review his food log to see whether there are any adjustments he can make to help him eliminate more fat from his diet. Which of the following items should the client eliminate? Select all that apply.
bologna hot dogs Polish sausage
The nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about the body's need for fuel to function. The class is aware that fat's primary function is to fuel the body. However, which cells are not fueled by fat?
brain
The nurse is discussing breastfeeding with a new mom. The nurse is correct in telling the new mom that the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends which of the following?
breastfeeding for at least the first 12 months.
The nurse is discussing the content of water in food with a client. The client is on fluid restrictions due to congestive heart failure. Which of the following contains the MOST water?
broccoli
The nurse is aware the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are a set of references that include which of the following? Select all that apply.
carbohydrates water cholesterol fiber
When providing education to a group of students, the school health nurse correctly states that around the world, the most commonly found nutrient in the human diet is which of the following?
carbohydrates.
The nurse is providing prenatal education to a group of pregnant couples. The nurse should include in the teaching that low-birth-weight (LBW) infants are associated with which of the following later in life? Select all that apply.
cardiovascular disease hypertension dyslipidemia
The nurse is preparing to teach a class on the benefits of eating whole grains. The nurse is aware that eating patterns rich in whole grains are associated with a lower risk of which of the following health problems?
cardiovascular disease.
The nurse is aware that some major minerals are vital to the functioning of every cell, especially in the chemical reaction activities. Which of the following minerals is also referred to as an electrolyte?
chloride
Some elements in the body depend on minerals to exist or function. Which mineral enhances the action of insulin?
chromium
The nurse is aware that some minerals enhance the actions of hormones. Which mineral enhances the action of insulin?
chromium
A client is trying to understand how fats are carried throughout the body. "It doesn't make sense. Oil and water do not mix. How can fat be carried in the body?" The nurse explains that dietary lipids are distributed throughout the body by:
chylomicrons.
The nurse recognizes which of the following GI changes is a common complaint for older adults?
constipation
The nurse is seeing a client who is not taking birth control and is considering pregnancy. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse make for this client?
consume 400 micrograms (ug) per day of folic acid.
The time of day that a meal is eaten would be influenced most by which of the following?
culture.
A nurse is counseling a patient with breast cancer who would like to reduce the risk of recurrence by increasing his intake of natural functional foods. Which of the following should the nurse recommend?
dark green vegetables
The nurse has noticed that an older adult client is showing signs of cognitive impairment. The nurse should assess the client for which of the following FIRST?
dehydration
A breastfeeding mother who lives in Florida and runs two miles every morning asks how much fluid is needed while she is breastfeeding. Which of the following is the nurse's best response?
drink a glass of fluid every time the baby nurses and a glass of fluid with each meal.
The nurse is seeing a [pregnant client who reports having constipation. The nurse should recommend which of the following interventions?
drinking at least eight 8-oz glasses of liquid daily
The nurse is helping a client learn how to reduce his cholesterol intake from food. Which of the following has the MOST cholesterol?
egg yolks
The nurse is instructing the client on adequate intake of retinal. What food can the nurse suggest to the client?
eggs
A healthy 22-year-old pregnant woman who is having a low-risk pregnancy is currently in her first trimester should be encouraged to do which of the following?
engage in safe exercise, paying attention to fall risk.
After a child is born, when is growth faster than at any other time in a lifespan?
first 12 months
The nurse is seeing a client with her infant for a well baby visit. The client breastfeeds exclusively. The nurse correctly informs the client that her child should not receive what supplement until 6 months of age?
fluoride
The nurse is discussing enriched grains with a group of young mothers. The nurse informs the women that enriched grains must be fortified with which of the following?
folic acid. Enriched grains are required to be fortified with folic acid, a mandate that is designed to reduce the risk of neural tube defects.
The nurse educator is helping students understand secondary foods. Which of the following best describes this concept?
foods that are widespread in the diet but are not eaten consistently.
The nurse is seeing a pregnant client who asks what foods to eat to increase intake of folic acid. Which are the following are sources of folic acid? Select all that apply.
fortified breakfast cereals. white bread and rolls made with enriched flour multivitamins
The nurse recognizes that fat is a necessary element for the client to consume and that a client's desire to go fat-free is not a good plan. The nurse explains to the client that the PRIMARY function of fat is which of the following?
fuel the body.
Nutrition screening helps identify clients who are at risk for malnutrition. Which of the following is criteria that is generally assessed in a nutritional screening tool?
functional capacity
A client has coronary artery disease. Which of the following herbal supplements is most likely to be helpful with his condition?
garlic
A client is taking multiple medications daily for the treatment of HIV. Which of the following supplements should the nurse tell the client to avoid?
garlic
The nurse who is providing education during a nutritional class shares that the individual body cells take only as much glucose as is needed for immediate energy. The nurse knows teaching has been effective when the students states the liver and muscle cells store excess glucose as which of the following?
glycogen.
The nurse is teaching a nutrition class with some of the clients who are having economic difficulties and unable to choose more expensive cuts of meat to limit fat intake. Which of the following should the nurse recommend that they use?
ground beef that is at least 90% lean.
The nurse is sharing information about the prevalence of health conditions in various cultures. The nurse correctly identifies what disorder as the leading cause of death among Black Americans?
heart disease
Which of the ten leading causes of death in the United States are associated with dietary excesses? Select all that apply.
heart disease cancer stroke
The nurse has been cautioning a client about reducing his sodium intake due to signs of toxicity. What sign has the nurse most likely observed in this client?
hypertension
The nurse is aware that excessive water intake seldom occurs in healthy adults. However, it is possible in certain populations, such as psychiatric patients and athletes in endurance events. Excessive water intake can cause which of the following imbalances?
hyponatremia.
When teaching clients nutritional interventions for preventing long-term health problems, the nurse should emphasize limiting the intake of sugar for which of the following reasons?
iets high in added sugar likely provide inadequate amounts of essential nutrients. A high intake of added sugars can displace nutrient-containing foods and contribute to excess calorie intake. A large body of evidence shows diets high in added sugars are linked to risk factors for cardiovascular disease, obesity, dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, and chronic inflammation; however, a diet high in added sugar does not guarantee a person will get diabetes, or become obese. Currently, there is not a clear association between ADHD and sugar consumption.
A nutrition class is discussing the various forms of vitamins. The class correctly understands that provitamins are the which of the following?
inactive form found in food.
Compared to formula-fed infants, breastfed infants:
may be programmed to different dietary habits later. - It is postulated that early exposure to differences in taste may program infants to different food selection and dietary habits. Formula-fed infants consume more protein per kilogram than breastfed infants. Breastfeeding during early infancy is associated with greater appetite regulation later in childhood. Breastfed infants are less likely to be given complementary foods at less than 4 months of age.
The nurse is teaching a nutrition class. The nurse recognizes that the students understand the lesson when one student makes which of the following statements?
monosaccharides are absorbed in the body without undergoing digestion.
Some fatty acids have double bonds between carbon atoms, preventing them from packing together. Which of the following fatty acids has only one double bond?
monounsaturated fatty acids
DRIs are used by scientists and nutritionists who work in research or academic settings and by dietitians who plan menus for which of the following specific populations? Select all that apply.
nursing home residents schoolchildren users of military feeding programs
DRIs are used by scientists and nutritionists who work in research or academic settings and by dietitians who plan menus for which of the following specific populations? Select all that apply. infants nursing home residents schoolchildren users of military feeding programs individuals with bowel disorders
nursing home residents military feeding programs school children
The nurse is discussing the actions of vitamins with a group of nursing students. The topic is how some vitamins function as coenzymes. Which of the following vitamins help to extract energy from glucose?
niacin
A 71-year-old female client was active until a stroke limited her mobility. The nurse is aware that this client is at risk for vitamin D deficiency because of her lack of sun exposure and refusal to drink milk. This client at an increased risk for developing which health issue?
osteomalacia
The nurse has determined that a client has a BMI of 27. The nurse recognizes that this client is in which of the following categories?
overweight
The nurse recognizes that individuals who are at risk for folate deficiency should be screened for which of the following problems?
parasitic infections.
The nurse is explaining to a client how the body can produce vitamin D if there is adequate exposure to sunlight. Which of the following regulates conversion of Vitamin D to it's biologically active form?
parathyroid hormone
The nurse is discussing how to read food labels with a group of students. The nurse explains that which of the following ingredients is an indication the food product contains trans fat?
partially hydrogenated oils
The nurse recognizes which of the following patients are at risk for developing essential fatty acids deficiencies? Select all that apply.
patients receiving long-term lipid-free total parenteral nutrition patients with anorexia nervosa
The nurse is aware that vitamin D is primarily responsible for maintaining normal blood concentrations of calcium and which of the following nutrients?
phosphorus.
The Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are based on specific criteria indicators for estimating requirements. Which of the following is an example of such a criteria indicator?
plasma and serum nutrient concentrations The recommendations are based on specific criteria indicators for estimating requirements, such as plasma and serum nutrient concentrations, and are set high enough to account for daily variations in intake.
If a client is not consuming enough carbohydrates, the nurse realizes that the body will use what to try to meet its energy needs?
protein
The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs) are broad ranges for each energy nutrient. Which of the following is the CORRECT percentage of AMDRs for adults?
protein 10-35%
A client developed fever, nausea and vomiting after eating a salad. The nurse suspects which of the following ingredients most likely caused her illness?
raw sprouts
The nurse is monitoring the fluid intake and output of a critically ill patient on the unit. The nurse should note which of the following is considered an insensible water loss for this patient?
respiration
The nurse educator is discussing the effects of the digestion process of starch in a nutritional health class. The class should understand that cooked starch begins digestion due to the action of which of the following?
salivary amylase.
The nurse is aware that the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends 8 oz of seafood per week from a variety of seafood sources. Which of the following are some recommended fish? Select all that apply.
salmon mackerel trout
The nurse is describing the source of various minerals required in a healthy diet. Which of the following is the main source of chloride?
salt
The nurse is concerned that a 92-year-old client should no longer be living alone because she is having difficulty ambulating and caring for herself. The nurse is aware that the loss of muscle mass and strength is referred to as which of the following?
sarcopenia.
While teaching a nutrition class for clients who want to prevent heart disease, the nurse discusses that on a Nutrition Facts label, which of the following listed nutrients should consumers try to limit?
saturated fat
The nurse is teaching some clients how to prepare foods that are lower in fat to help them improve their family's diets. The nurse suggests which of the following as the BEST option for lower fat content?
skinless chicken breast Skinless chicken breast has 0 to 1 g fat/ounce. Prime rib has 5 g fat/ounce. Salmon has 3 g fat/ounce. Peanut butter has 8 g fat/ounce.
The nurse knows that obesity during pregnancy is associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
small for gestational age infant. - Obesity during pregnancy is associated with gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, birth defects, cesarean delivery, fetal macrosomia, perinatal deaths, postpartum anemia, and childhood obesity (American Dietetic Association [ADA], 2008).
A client is recovering from a gunshot wound to the abdomen. The client's labs show an electrolyte imbalance. The nurse is aware that the imbalance could be a result of which organ's injury within the abdomen?
small intestine
The nurse is visiting a sixth-grade class to discuss nutrition. After discussing fats with the class, the nurse recognizes that they understand how fats are digested when they identify that most fat digestion occurs where?
small intestine
The nurse is preparing for a small group of senior citizens to discuss their nutritional needs. The nurse will point out that the consumption of which nutrient is usually high in older adults?
sodium
The nurse recognizes a parent requires nutritional education if her children consumes which of the following in excessive amounts?
sodium
A client is on anticoagulation therapy. The nurse recognizes the client may need to eat which foods in moderation? Select all that apply.
spinach broccoli Brussels sprouts
You find a 1975 research study on a university website that was conducted in the university's laboratories. It concludes that taking a common over-the-counter medication can reduce needed sleep by 10 minutes. As a tired student, you find this appealing. You should question the reliability of these results because:
the study is outdated.
The nurse is explaining the difference between the fatty acids to a client. The nurse explains that a common characteristic of saturated fatty acids is that:
they are solid at room temperature.
The nurse is discussing the importance of monitoring the intake and output of water, especially in clients who are seriously ill. Besides water from oral intake, the nurse correctly indicates another way in which water is naturally acquired is which of the following?
through metabolic processes
Lycopene is a phytochemical that is a potent antioxidant that may reduce the risk of prostate cancer. Which popular food contains lycopene?
tomatoes
A study found that normal-weight teenage girls were ____ as likely to attend college as obese female adolescents.
twice
A woman who smokes is ____ as likely to deliver a low-birth-weight baby.
twice
The family members of an older adult client in a long-term care facility are concerned that a restrictive diet will decrease quality of life for the client. The nurse correctly explains that the diet must be adhered to for which of the following reasons?
when a significant improvement in health can be expected
According to MyPlate, which food item belongs in the dairy food group?
yogurt
Hindus commonly avoid foods that are believed to inhibit physical and spiritual development. What is a food that is considered to enhance spiritual purity?
yogurt
The nurse instructs a client on foods to increase total fiber intake to 25 grams/day. Which breakfast choice indicate that teaching has been effective?
½ cup all bran cereal, ½ cup skim milk, 1 slice whole wheat bread, sliced pear
