Chapter 8 Hispanic/Latino Americans

Chicanos

is a group name for Mexican Americans that is associated with the ideology of Chicanismo.

Cesar Chavez

Cofounder of the United Farm Workers and leader of the grape boycott.

Operation Wetback

Government sponsored campaign that resulted in the deportation of more than 3.8 million undocumented Mexicans during the years of 1953 - 1958.

Marielitos

Refugees from Cuba who arrived in the United States in 1980.

Crusade for Justice 1965

Rodolfo, "Corky", Gonzalez founded this group. This crusade focused on abuses of Mexican American civil and legal rights and worked against discrimination by police and the criminal courts.

La Raza

This Chicano movement group was organized by Jose Angel Gutierrez in the 1960s and offered alternative candidates and ideas to Democrats and Republicans.

The Immigration Reform and Control Act 1986

This act created a process for undocumented immigrants to gain legal status and granted citizenship to about three million people.

The DREAM Act

This act, created in 2001, would provide a legal path to citizenship for many undocumented immigrant minors who either attend college or serve in the military. It is later defeated.

The Cuban Refugee Act

This act, in 1966, permitted more than 400,000 people to enter the U.S.

Dolores Huerta

This activist co-founded the United Farm Workers Association and later founded the Agricultural Workers Foundation. She has been honored for her work in activism for farmworkers, immigrants, and women.

Cuban Americans

This group of Hispanic/Latino Americans is an enclave minority and have largely escaped much of the discrimination and limited opportunities that other Hispanic/Latino groups have experienced.

Alianza de Mercedes

This group was founded by Reies Lopez Tijerina in the 1960s. The goal of this group was to correct what Tijerina saw as the unjust and illegal seizure of land from Mexicans during the 19th century.

Jessie De La Cruz

This migrant worker and civil rights activist was from Anaheim California and joined the United Farm Workers in 1965. She was the union's first woman organizer.

United Farm Workers Association

This organization was founded by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta in 1965.

The Bracero Program

This program began in 1942 and ended in 1964 which allowed Mexican citizens to work temporarily in the U.S. as a source of low-cost labor.

Repatriation

This was a government-sponsored campaign during the 1930s to deport undocumented immigrants back to Mexico.

Chicanismo

This was an ideology of the Mexican American protest movement that rose to prominence in the 1960s. It expressed militancy, impatience with injustice, and a number of pluralistic themes.