Chapter 8 (Human Body)
Blood brain barrier
Astrocytes
Which of the following are general functions of the nervous system?
Detection of internal and external environmental changes Detection of internal and external environmental changes Correct Analysis of the detected changes Analysis of the detected changes Correct Organization of the information for immediate and future use Organization of the information for immediate and future use Correct Initiation of the appropriate actions in response to the changes
__________ is the outermost layer of the meninges.
Dura mater
Lines fluid-filled cavities in the brain and spinal cord
Ependymal
____________ are involved in the production of cerebrospinal fluid.
Ependymal cells
Which of the following controls body temperature?
Hypothalamus
Which of the following is NOT a function of the spinal cord?
It interprets the sensory nerve action potentials as sensations.
Phagocytosis of bacteria and cellular debris
Microglial
Which of the following is NOT a type of neuroglia?
Neuron
Myelin sheath of axons (CNS)
Oligodendrocytes
Which of the following lists parts of a reflex arc in the correct sequence?
Receptor → sensory neuron → CNS → motor neuron → effector
Myelin sheath of axons (PNS)
Schwann
____________ form the myelin sheath around axons in PNS.
Schwann cells
Which one of the following activities is directly controlled by the autonomic division?
Shivering
A strike on the back of the head will most likely affect which function of the cerebrum?
Vision
The ___ nerve transmits action potentials to a single muscle that moves eyeballs laterally.
abducens
The ___ nerve transmits motor action potentials to trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles.
accessory
Nerves from __________ plexus innervate the skin and muscles of pectoral girdles and upper limbs.
brachial
The cell bodies of the parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the ______.
brain and the spinal cord
The autonomic division is involved in controlling ______.
cardiac muscle, glands, and adipose tissue
The sympathetic part of the autonomic division ______.
carries action potentials to the visceral organs to prepare the body for fight or flight
The parasympathetic part of autonomic division ______.
carries action potentials to the visceral organs to prepare the body for resting and digesting
The dendrites of a neuron ______.
carry impulses toward the cell body
The ____________ is a reflex center that controls and coordinates the interaction of skeletal muscles.
cerebellum
The part of the brain that coordinates voluntary muscle movements is the ______.
cerebellum
The peripheral nervous system includes the ______.
cranial nerves
Parasympathetic stimulation ______.
decreases blood supply to skeletal muscles and increases blood supply to digestive organs
The cellular processes of neurons that receive action potentials from other neurons or sensory receptors are ______.
dendrites
The __________ is filled with blood and absorbs the cerebrospinal fluid.
dural sinus
The ___ nerve contains most of the motor neuron axons that supply action potentials to facial muscles and salivary glands.
facial
The ___ nerve transmits motor action potentials to salivary glands and tear glands.
facial
Autonomic neurons in the central nervous system form synapses with dendrites of neurons with cell bodies located in the peripheral nervous system. These cell bodies are grouped in clusters called ______.
ganglia
The _____ nerve transmits sensory action potentials from the posterior part of the tongue and back of the throat, and is used in swallowing
glossopharyngeal
Neuron cell bodies are located in the ______ matter, and myelinated axons are located in the ______ matter.
gray, white
What part of the brain is the major control area for the Autonomic Nervous System?
hypothalamus
Brainstem refers to the part of the brain consisting of the ______.
medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain
The ____________ controls the ability to speak.
motor speech area
The _________ increases the speed of action potential transmission.
myelin sheath
Cells in the nervous system that that provide support and protection to neurons are called _______.
neuroglia
Sensory areas for vision are located in the _____________.
occipital lobe
The ___ nerve transmits action potentials to muscles that move the shape of lens.
oculomotor
The ___ tract transmits signals coming from the nasal mucosa and, unlike other sensory pathways, leading straight to cerebral cortex, carries signals straight to the cerebral cortex
olfactory
In the central nervous system, myelin is formed by ______.
oligodendrocytes
At a synapse, the receptors for the neurotransmitters are located ______.
on the plasma membrane of the postsynaptic neuron
The areas identifying sensations from skin stimulation are located in the _____________.
parietal lobe
The ____________ interprets the meaning of spoken and written language.
posterior language area (Wernicke area)
The ____________ is involved in controlling complex learned activities, such as driving.
premotor area
The ____________ controls skeletal muscles.
primary motor area
The sciatic nerves arise from __________ plexus.
sacral
When a neuron is activated by a threshold stimulation, _________ channels open, which allows these ions to quickly ________.
sodium ion; diffuse into the neuron
The central nervous system includes the ______.
spinal cord
The cell bodies of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the ______.
spinal cord only
Within the meninges, cerebrospinal fluid occupies the ______.
subarachnoid space
The __________ releases the neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.
terminal bouton
The motor division of the nervous system carries action potentials from ______.
the CNS to the effectors
Chemical synapses are characterized by ______.
the release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic neuron
The sensory division of the nervous system carries action potentials from ______.
the sensory receptors to the CNS
The ___ nerve transmits sensory action potentials from the face and teeth.
trigeminal
The chewing muscles are controlled by the ___________ nerve.
trigeminal
The sensory nerve action potentials from the face, teeth and gums are carried to the brain by the ___________ nerve.
trigeminal
While the ___ nerve transmits action potentials to a few muscles in the mouth, it is the main sensory nerve carrying action potentials from the face and mouth.
trigeminal
The ____ nerve transmits both sensory and motor action potentials from the esophagus, stomach, and intestines. It also decreases cardiac output.
vagus
The ____ nerve transmits sensory action potentials from the heart.
vagus
The ___________ nerve innervates the organs of respiratory, digestive, and cardiovascular systems in the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
vagus (X)
The ___ nerve transmits sensory action potentials from receptors associated with balance and equillibrium.
vestibulocochlear
Hearing and balance is transmitted by the ______________.
vestibulocochlear nerve XIII
