Chapter 8 (Human Body)

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Blood brain barrier

Astrocytes

Which of the following are general functions of the nervous system?

Detection of internal and external environmental changes Detection of internal and external environmental changes Correct Analysis of the detected changes Analysis of the detected changes Correct Organization of the information for immediate and future use Organization of the information for immediate and future use Correct Initiation of the appropriate actions in response to the changes

__________ is the outermost layer of the meninges.

Dura mater

Lines fluid-filled cavities in the brain and spinal cord

Ependymal

____________ are involved in the production of cerebrospinal fluid.

Ependymal cells

Which of the following controls body temperature?

Hypothalamus

Which of the following is NOT a function of the spinal cord?

It interprets the sensory nerve action potentials as sensations.

Phagocytosis of bacteria and cellular debris

Microglial

Which of the following is NOT a type of neuroglia?

Neuron

Myelin sheath of axons (CNS)

Oligodendrocytes

Which of the following lists parts of a reflex arc in the correct sequence?

Receptor → sensory neuron → CNS → motor neuron → effector

Myelin sheath of axons (PNS)

Schwann

____________ form the myelin sheath around axons in PNS.

Schwann cells

Which one of the following activities is directly controlled by the autonomic division?

Shivering

A strike on the back of the head will most likely affect which function of the cerebrum?

Vision

The ___ nerve transmits action potentials to a single muscle that moves eyeballs laterally.

abducens

The ___ nerve transmits motor action potentials to trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles.

accessory

Nerves from __________ plexus innervate the skin and muscles of pectoral girdles and upper limbs.

brachial

The cell bodies of the parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the ______.

brain and the spinal cord

The autonomic division is involved in controlling ______.

cardiac muscle, glands, and adipose tissue

The sympathetic part of the autonomic division ______.

carries action potentials to the visceral organs to prepare the body for fight or flight

The parasympathetic part of autonomic division ______.

carries action potentials to the visceral organs to prepare the body for resting and digesting

The dendrites of a neuron ______.

carry impulses toward the cell body

The ____________ is a reflex center that controls and coordinates the interaction of skeletal muscles.

cerebellum

The part of the brain that coordinates voluntary muscle movements is the ______.

cerebellum

The peripheral nervous system includes the ______.

cranial nerves

Parasympathetic stimulation ______.

decreases blood supply to skeletal muscles and increases blood supply to digestive organs

The cellular processes of neurons that receive action potentials from other neurons or sensory receptors are ______.

dendrites

The __________ is filled with blood and absorbs the cerebrospinal fluid.

dural sinus

The ___ nerve contains most of the motor neuron axons that supply action potentials to facial muscles and salivary glands.

facial

The ___ nerve transmits motor action potentials to salivary glands and tear glands.

facial

Autonomic neurons in the central nervous system form synapses with dendrites of neurons with cell bodies located in the peripheral nervous system. These cell bodies are grouped in clusters called ______.

ganglia

The _____ nerve transmits sensory action potentials from the posterior part of the tongue and back of the throat, and is used in swallowing

glossopharyngeal

Neuron cell bodies are located in the ______ matter, and myelinated axons are located in the ______ matter.

gray, white

What part of the brain is the major control area for the Autonomic Nervous System?

hypothalamus

Brainstem refers to the part of the brain consisting of the ______.

medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain

The ____________ controls the ability to speak.

motor speech area

The _________ increases the speed of action potential transmission.

myelin sheath

Cells in the nervous system that that provide support and protection to neurons are called _______.

neuroglia

Sensory areas for vision are located in the _____________.

occipital lobe

The ___ nerve transmits action potentials to muscles that move the shape of lens.

oculomotor

The ___ tract transmits signals coming from the nasal mucosa and, unlike other sensory pathways, leading straight to cerebral cortex, carries signals straight to the cerebral cortex

olfactory

In the central nervous system, myelin is formed by ______.

oligodendrocytes

At a synapse, the receptors for the neurotransmitters are located ______.

on the plasma membrane of the postsynaptic neuron

The areas identifying sensations from skin stimulation are located in the _____________.

parietal lobe

The ____________ interprets the meaning of spoken and written language.

posterior language area (Wernicke area)

The ____________ is involved in controlling complex learned activities, such as driving.

premotor area

The ____________ controls skeletal muscles.

primary motor area

The sciatic nerves arise from __________ plexus.

sacral

When a neuron is activated by a threshold stimulation, _________ channels open, which allows these ions to quickly ________.

sodium ion; diffuse into the neuron

The central nervous system includes the ______.

spinal cord

The cell bodies of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the ______.

spinal cord only

Within the meninges, cerebrospinal fluid occupies the ______.

subarachnoid space

The __________ releases the neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.

terminal bouton

The motor division of the nervous system carries action potentials from ______.

the CNS to the effectors

Chemical synapses are characterized by ______.

the release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic neuron

The sensory division of the nervous system carries action potentials from ______.

the sensory receptors to the CNS

The ___ nerve transmits sensory action potentials from the face and teeth.

trigeminal

The chewing muscles are controlled by the ___________ nerve.

trigeminal

The sensory nerve action potentials from the face, teeth and gums are carried to the brain by the ___________ nerve.

trigeminal

While the ___ nerve transmits action potentials to a few muscles in the mouth, it is the main sensory nerve carrying action potentials from the face and mouth.

trigeminal

The ____ nerve transmits both sensory and motor action potentials from the esophagus, stomach, and intestines. It also decreases cardiac output.

vagus

The ____ nerve transmits sensory action potentials from the heart.

vagus

The ___________ nerve innervates the organs of respiratory, digestive, and cardiovascular systems in the thoracic and abdominal cavities.

vagus (X)

The ___ nerve transmits sensory action potentials from receptors associated with balance and equillibrium.

vestibulocochlear

Hearing and balance is transmitted by the ______________.

vestibulocochlear nerve XIII


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