Chapter 8: Mitosis

The mechanism of eukaryotic cell division that occurs in an organism's somatic cells is called ______.

mitosis.

Matching: S phase

phase of interphase in which DNA replicates

Matching: G2 phase

phase of interphase in which organelles replicate, chromosome condensation begins, and synthesis of microtubules takes place

During which phase of mitosis does a new nuclear membrane form?

telophase.

Interphase of a eukaryotic cell contains ______.

three phases (G1, S, and G2)

Most species of eukaryotes contain about ______ chromosomes in their body cells.

10-50

How many of each type of chromosome does a diploid cell have?

2

Match the letter on the left with its correct structure on the diagram of chromosomes.

A --> Homologous chromosome B --> centromere C --> Sister chromatid

Select all the true statements about chromosomes.

Chromosomes were first observed by Walther Flemming in 1879. Mitosis is based on the Greek word "mitos", meaning thread. The cells that chromosomes were first observed in were salamander larval cells.

Rank the following phases of the cell cycle in the correct sequence as they would occur in a new daughter cell, beginning with the first phase at the top.

G1, S, G2, M, C.

Select the correct sequence of the phases of the cell cycle.

G1, S, G2, M, C.

Pairs of chromosomes in somatic cells that carry information about the same traits are called ______.

Homologous chromosomes.

_____ is the mechanism of cell division that occurs in a eukaryotic organism's non-reproductive cells.

Mitosis

Cell division through binary fission is carried out by ______.

Prokaryotes.

Match the phase of mitosis with its correct description.

Prophase —> chromosomes condense; nuclear envelope breaks down. Metaphase —> chromosomes line up on the central plane of the cell Anaphase —> centromeres divide; chromatids move to the poles Telophase —> chromosomes uncoil; new nuclear envelopes form.

Rank the following stages of the M phase from the first phase that occurs in a dividing cell (at the top) through the fourth phase that occurs (at the bottom).

Prophase, Metaphase, anaphase, telophase.

Salamander cells, a primitive microscope, and a German scientist named Walther Fleming are all associated with the discovery of cellular structures called ___.

chromosomes.

Matching: C phase

cytoplasm divides, creating two daughter cells

Prokaryotes divide by a process called binary ___

fission

Prokaryotes divide by a process called binary ___.

fission

Matching: G1 phase

main growth phase of interphase, and often the longest phase of a cell's life span

A cell division process called ___ divides the DNA in sexually reproductive germ line cells and results in the production of gametes.

meiosis

In sexually reproducing organisms, the type of eukaryotic cell division that results in the production of gametes from germ cells is called ______.

meiosis.

Matching: M phase

microtubules bind to replicated chromosomes and pull them apart.

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase occur in what phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

M