Chapter 8: Perception Interventions

_____ refers to how highly you regard yourself. A.Openness B.Self-efficacy C.Self-esteem D.Self-awareness

C.Self-esteem

Anxiety that is either temporary in nature or specific to a particular stimulus is known as _____. A.test anxiety B.trait anxiety C.state anxiety D.panic disorder

C.state anxiety

Jason fears entering elevators. More particularly, he fears being squashed between the elevator doors. Jason's fear is an example of _____. A.social phobia B.trait anxiety C.test anxiety D.specific phobia

D.specific phobia

True or false. Relabeling is a coping technique in which you attempt to stop negative or anxious thoughts.

false

True or false. Resiliency is an inborn trait and not something that can be developed later in life.

false

Which of the following games would an individual with an external locus of control most likely prefer? A.Roulette B.Poker C.Blackjack D.None of these

A.Roulette

A behavior pattern that is not excessively competitive and has no free-floating hostility or sense of time urgency is called _____. A.Type A B.Type B C.Type C D.Type D

B.Type B

The perception that one has little control over the events that affect one's life is known as _____. A.an internal locus of control B.an external locus of control C.self-esteem D.anxiety

B.an external locus of control

Self-efficacy is the personal belief that the self _____. A.is a failure B.can be successful C.is invincible D.cannot be controlled

B.can be successful

The belief that one is either the victim of circumstances or the master of circumstances, each of which is erroneous, is known as _____. A.an external locus of control B.an internal locus of control C. cocreator perception deficiency D.victimization

C. cocreator perception deficiency

A method of coping with anxiety that consists of examining irrational beliefs is known as _____. A.systematic desensitization B.fear hierarchy C.ABCDE technique D.in vivo desensitization

C.ABCDE technique

_____ is a condition in which feelings of terror arise from unrealistic fear, resulting in symptoms such as feeling numb, sweaty, weak, and faint. A.State anxiety B.Trait anxiety C.Panic disorder D.Social phobia

C.Panic disorder

Which of the following games would an individual with an internal locus of control most likely prefer? A.Roulette B.Bingo C.Poker D.None of these

C.Poker

Resilient traits include all of the following EXCEPT _____. A.happiness and optimism B.creativity C.a lack of inhibition D.a sense of morality

C.a lack of inhibition

Hardiness has been shown to do all the following EXCEPT _____. A.diminish feelings of depression in soldiers who are deployed B.protect police officers from the development of psychological stress C.decrease one's ability to access strong emotions D.decrease grief symptoms after the death of loved ones

C.decrease one's ability to access strong emotions

_____ refers to a condition in which people experience feelings of terror that strike suddenly and repeatedly with no warning. A.Test anxiety B.Trait anxiety C.State anxiety D.Panic disorder

D.Panic disorder

An unrealistic fear that manifests itself in physiological arousal and is accompanied by the behavioral signs of escape or avoidance of stimulus that provokes unpleasant emotions is called _____. A.stress B.low self-esteem C.locus of control D.anxiety

D.anxiety

People with Type C behavior tend to exhibit all of the following traits EXCEPT _____. A.an unusual ability to cope with high stress levels B.pathological niceness and denial or suppression of emotions C.conflict avoidance and extraordinary compliance D.an exaggerated need to be accepted socially

A.an unusual ability to cope with high stress levels

A state of mind and body that includes three factors—commitment, control, and challenge—is known as _____. A.hardiness B.awareness C.perception D.resiliency

A.hardiness

Steve is a real estate agent. He feels anxious every time he thinks about meeting a new client. Steve is most likely suffering from _____. A.state anxiety B.trait anxiety C.test anxiety D.social anxiety

A.state anxiety

Either imagining or encountering an anxiety-provoking stimulus while practicing relaxation is known as _____. A.systematic desensitization B.fear hierarchy C.passive desensitization D.active desensitization

A.systematic desensitization

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Type A behavior pattern? A.Aggressiveness B.Confidence C.Excessive competitive drive D.Impatience

B.Confidence

Which of the following is a technique for managing anxiety? A.Environmental planning B.Self-talk C.Thought stopping D.All of these

D.All of these

Which of the following is associated with the Type A behavior pattern? A.An excessively competitive drive B.Aggressiveness C.Impatience D.All of these

D.All of these

If you are having a panic attack, which of the following will most likely occur? A.Your heart will pound. B.You will feel sweaty. C.You will feel weak. D.All of these are correct.

D.All of these are correct.

Studies have shown that self-efficacy plays a role in _____. A.academic success B.life satisfaction C.occupational stress D.all of these

D.all of these

True or false. Anxiety only has a cognitive (thought) component.

false

True or false. Cognitive restructuring is not an effective technique for fear reduction or coping.

false

_____ is either temporary in nature or specific to a particular stimulus. A.State anxiety B.Trait anxiety C.Panic disorder D.Social phobia

A.State anxiety

Which of the following techniques can be used to reduce Type A behavior? A.Finishing tasks as soon as possible B.Prioritizing things and focusing on more significant activities C.Employing rapid breathing techniques to increase blood pressure D.Practicing multitasking to become better at task accomplishment

B.Prioritizing things and focusing on more significant activities

_____ refers to a general sense of anxiety that is not specific to a particular stimulus. A.State anxiety B.Trait anxiety C.Panic disorder D.Specific phobia

B.Trait anxiety

People with Type D behavior tend to exhibit all of the following traits EXCEPT _____. A.depression B.lack of inhibition C.anxiety and irritability D.insecurity

B.lack of inhibition

A general sense of anxiety not specific to a particular stimulus is known as _____. A.test anxiety B.trait anxiety C.state anxiety D.panic disorder

B.trait anxiety

Which of the following statements about perception is true? A.Being an optimist can result in overconfidence. B.Being a pessimist reduces mental effort and enhances health. C.Being an optimist can keep you healthy. D.None of these is correct.

C.Being an optimist can keep you healthy.

The first step of selective awareness is to _____. A.identify the problem B.identify the solution C.recognize the positive and negative elements D.recognize the end result

C.recognize the positive and negative elements

Which of the following is true about polyphasic behavior? A.It refers to doing two or more things at the same time. B.It often distracts from the attention that a task needs. C.It is one component of the Type A behavior pattern. D.All of these are correct.

D.All of these are correct.

Which of the following statements about the relationship between Type A and Type B behavior patterns and heart attacks is true? A.Type As are more likely to survive a heart attack than are Type Bs. B.Type As who have a heart attack are more likely to have a second heart attack than are Type Bs who have a heart attack. C.Type As have more severe heart attacks than do Type Bs. D.All of these are correct.

D.All of these are correct.

_____ involves overwhelming anxiety and excessive self-consciousness in everyday social situations. A.Acarophobia B.Agoraphobia C.Maniaphobia D.Social phobia

D.Social phobia

The perception that one has a good deal of control over the events that affect one's life is known as _____. A.anxiety B.an external locus of control C.self-esteem D.an internal locus of control

D.an internal locus of control

Humor has been shown to _____. A.increase tolerance of pain B.decrease stress response C.improve functioning of the immune system D.do all of these

D.do all of these

Researchers have identified two components of Type A behavior that appear to operate in opposing directions. These two components are _____. A.stress and achievement striving B.impatience and overconfidence C.irritability and stress D.impatience/irritability and achievement striving

D.impatience/irritability and achievement striving

An intense fear of something that poses little or no actual danger is known as _____. A.social phobia B.agoraphobia C.maniaphobia D.specific phobia

D.specific phobia

True or false. Hardiness is a state of mind and body that involves three factors: commitment, change, and acceptance.

false

True or false. It is always counterproductive to adjust your life and environment to avoid anxiety-provoking stimulus

false

True or false. Progressive relaxation and autogenic training are effective in managing the cognitive component of anxiety.

false

True or false. There are two types of behavior patterns, Type A and Type B.

false

true or false. In vivo desensitization involves imagining the stimulus in a relatively safe environment

false

True or false. Being a pessimist can contribute to your being unhealthy.

true

True or false. Control and responsibility go hand in hand.

true

True or false. Panic disorder is twice as common in women as in men.

true

True or false. Phobias are irrational fears.

true

True or false. Resiliency refers to the ability to identify and make use of strengths and assets to respond to challenges, thereby growing as an individual.

true

True or false. Resiliency theory focuses on people's strengths rather than their weaknesses or limitations.

true

True or false. Self-talk is a coping technique that requires some objectivity.

true

True or false. Thought stopping is a coping technique that involves shutting off negative thoughts when they occur.

true

True or false. We may not be able to choose a situation, but we can choose how we perceive the situation.

true