Chapter 8 Photosynthesis

NADP+

(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) one of the carrier molecules that transfers high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules

ATP molecule

(nucleotide) made up of a nitrogenous base, 5 carbon sugar, and 3 phosphate groups

photosynthesis formula

6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight ---> C6 H12 O6 + 6O2

thylakoid

A FLATTENED MEMBRANE sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy into chemical energy.

pigment

A colored chemical compound that absorbs light, producing color.

granum

A stack of thylakoids in a chloroplast

Autotroph

An organism that makes its own food

heterotroph

An organism that obtains organic food molecules by EATING other organisms or their by-products (aka Consumer)

Ian Ingenhousz

Concluded that plants need sunlight to produce oxygen

photosystem

Consists of a reaction-center complex surrounded by light-harvesting complexes

Jan Van Helmont

Dutch scientist who determined that plant growth mass was due to water not the soil in which it was grown

chlorophyll

Green PIGMENT which absorbs the light energy in the chloroplast

photosyntheis

H2O + CO2 + energy (Sun) = O2 + carbohydrates, Plants use chlorophyll in chloroplasts to MAKE FOOD AND OXYGEN.

Joseph Priestly

Introduced the idea of Plants releasing oxygen

ADP

The compound that remains when a phosphate group is removed from ATP, releasing energy

stroma

The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.

atp synthase

a canon like structure that rotates to turn ADP into ATP

Melvin Calvin

discovered reactions of Calvin cycle. chemical energy NADPH and ATP used to make glucose

ATP

main ENERGY source that cells use for most of their work

Products of photosynthesis

oxygen and glucose

light-dependent reactions

part of photosynthesis that absorbs energy from sunlight and transfers energy to the light-independent reactions

Reactants of photosynthesis

sunlight, carbon dioxide and water

Calvin cycle

the DARK reaction process of photosynthesis that uses carbon dioxide for the synthesis of carbohydrates

chloroplast

the tiny body that contains chlorophyll; part of the cell in which photosynthesis takes place