Chapter 8 Photosynthesis
NADP+
(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) one of the carrier molecules that transfers high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules
ATP molecule
(nucleotide) made up of a nitrogenous base, 5 carbon sugar, and 3 phosphate groups
photosynthesis formula
6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight ---> C6 H12 O6 + 6O2
thylakoid
A FLATTENED MEMBRANE sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy into chemical energy.
pigment
A colored chemical compound that absorbs light, producing color.
granum
A stack of thylakoids in a chloroplast
Autotroph
An organism that makes its own food
heterotroph
An organism that obtains organic food molecules by EATING other organisms or their by-products (aka Consumer)
Ian Ingenhousz
Concluded that plants need sunlight to produce oxygen
photosystem
Consists of a reaction-center complex surrounded by light-harvesting complexes
Jan Van Helmont
Dutch scientist who determined that plant growth mass was due to water not the soil in which it was grown
chlorophyll
Green PIGMENT which absorbs the light energy in the chloroplast
photosyntheis
H2O + CO2 + energy (Sun) = O2 + carbohydrates, Plants use chlorophyll in chloroplasts to MAKE FOOD AND OXYGEN.
Joseph Priestly
Introduced the idea of Plants releasing oxygen
ADP
The compound that remains when a phosphate group is removed from ATP, releasing energy
stroma
The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.
atp synthase
a canon like structure that rotates to turn ADP into ATP
Melvin Calvin
discovered reactions of Calvin cycle. chemical energy NADPH and ATP used to make glucose
ATP
main ENERGY source that cells use for most of their work
Products of photosynthesis
oxygen and glucose
light-dependent reactions
part of photosynthesis that absorbs energy from sunlight and transfers energy to the light-independent reactions
Reactants of photosynthesis
sunlight, carbon dioxide and water
Calvin cycle
the DARK reaction process of photosynthesis that uses carbon dioxide for the synthesis of carbohydrates
chloroplast
the tiny body that contains chlorophyll; part of the cell in which photosynthesis takes place