Chapter 8-POLS-Y103

The Great Depression was the impetus for the

Fifth Party System

A _______ is a tax-exempt group that is not subject to contribution limits and spending caps and that is formed primarily to influence elections through voter mobilization efforts and issue ads that do not directly endorse or oppose a candidate.

527 organization

Which of the following groups identify overwhelmingly as Democrats?

African Americans

Andrew Jackson was the founder of which political party?

Democratic

The ______ parties defined the Second Party System on the issue of the tariffs (farmers versus merchants) and slavery.

Democratic and Whig

________ is defined as one party controlling Congress but not the presidency or different parties controlling the House and Senate.

Divided government

states that in a democracy with single-member districts and plurality voting, only two parties' candidates will have a realistic chance of winning political office.

Duverger's Law

The ________ parties defined the First Party System on the issue of the proper role and size of the national government.

Federalist and Democratic-Republican

Catholics and union members were key groups of what coalition?

New Deal Coalition

The _______ has forced the Republican Party to confront conflicting issues within the party.

Tea Party

______ is made up of politicians who were elected as candidates of a party, while _______ involves the structure of national, state and local parties, including party leaders and workers.

The party in government; the party organization

Choose all of the following party systems that featured the Democrats and Republicans as the two major parties.

Third Fourth

What does party identification refer to?

a citizen's loyalty to a specific political party

What is a caucus?

a local meeting at which party members select a candidate for the general election

What is a party platform?

a set of objectives outlining the party's issue positions and priorities, which candidates are not required to support

The American political parties are

decentralized organizations with loose coordination across groups.

Over the last several decades, the number of ideologically moderate members in Congress has

decreased significantly

If the Democrats control the Senate and the White House and the Republicans control the House of Representatives, what is this an example of?

divided government

What do we call the principal or main body in each party organization in America?

national committee

The modern Republican Party's support base is a combination of white evangelical, southern, and white male voters (though it draws support outside that base as well). The Democratic Party's support base is a combination of northeasterners, college graduates, African Americans, and female voters (though it, too, draws support outside that base). These are examples of what?

party coalitions

A ______ is a set of promises explaining what the party's candidates will do if elected.

party platform

From 1897 until 1932 one of the major parties—the Republicans—won most presidential elections, while the other major party—the Democrats—won when the Republicans were divided. The major issues of the time were industrialization and immigration. The Republicans had the support of business, while the Democrats relied on urban immigrants and southern whites. This description is an example of a

party system.

Which of the following is an organization that runs candidates for office and coordinates the actions of affiliated elected officials?

political party

Choose all of the following beneficial things that parties do for democracy according to the textbook.

recruit good candidates for office provide accountability Coordinate their actions once in office

The ability of parties to ensure that those who run for office do so effectively and that those who win responsibly uphold their elective positions most clearly demonstrates which benefit of political parties?

recruiting good candidates

Duverger's law states that in a democracy with _______, only two parties' candidates will have a realistic chance of winning political office.

single-member districts and plurality voting

The Second Party System ultimately split over the issue of

slavery.

The _______ is one in which individuals who work for the winning party are rewarded with benefits such as jobs in government.

spoils system

Current research on party identification shows that party identification is

stable but occasionally changes when circumstances warrant.

In a spoils system,

supporters of the winning party are rewarded.

Scholars describe parties as organizations that are composed of all but which of the following separate and largely independent parts?

the party in media

According to Duverger's Law, if we want to know how many major political parties a country will have, what should we look at?

the rules for determining how many votes are needed to win an election, along with other electoral rules

Which statement best characterizes the nature of political action committees and 527s?

They are not part of the political party organization.

During the _______, the issues of post-Civil War reconstruction and the extent to which the federal government should regulate America's rapidly growing industrial base divided Democrats and Republicans.

Third Party System

What do we call a situation in which one party controls the presidency, the Senate, and the House of Representatives?

unified government