Chapter 8: Professional Rescuer CPR

Chest compressions for an infant should be delivered at a rate of at least ________ per minute during CPR.

100 to 120

Performing Adult Chest Compressions: Finish the sentence and add the step number. ~1,2,3~ Compress the chest of and adult at least _______ ______ straight down.

2 inches/3

Procedure for Automated External Defibrillation (AED): Finish the sentence and add the step number. ~1,2,3,4,5~ Begin cycles of _____ ______ and two breaths. Use the AED as soon as it is available

30 compressions/2

Brain damage begins within _________ to _________ minutes after the patient has gone into cardiac arrest.

4/6

When performing rescue breathing on an adult patient, each rescue breath should be given over a period of _______ second(s). A. 1 B. 1 1/2 C. 2 D. 3

A. 1

Which of the following is not a sign of effective CPR? A. Compressions and ventilations are delivered at a slow pace. B. The chest visibly rises during ventilations. C. The carotid pulse is present during chest compression. D. The patient's skin color improves.

A. Compressions and ventilations are delivered at a slow pace.

Which of the following is not a sign of effective CPR? A. Compressions are delivered at a rate of 50 per minute. B. You can feel a carotid pulse during chest compressions. C. The patient's skin color turns pink (from blue). D. The chest visibly rises during ventilations.

A. Compressions are delivered at a rate of 50 per minute.

In what position should you place an infant to deliver effective CPR? A. Lying on a firm surface B. Lying on pillows C. Lying in your arms D. Upright in your arms

A. Lying on a firm surface

The majority of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients have an irregular heart electrical rhythm called ventricular fibrillation. How is this rhythm characterized? A. Rapid, disorganized, and ineffective B. Slow, disorganized, and ineffective C. Rapid but effective D. No electrical activity at all

A. Rapid, disorganized, and ineffective

A woman who collapses on the beach is unresponsive and is not breathing when you arrive. She has no pulse. You should: A. begin CPR, starting with chest compressions. B. interview bystanders. C. search her purse for identification. D. check her arms and legs for sting marks.

A. begin CPR, starting with chest compressions.

If you are alone with an adult patient who needs CPR, you should: A. perform CPR for 1 minute before activating the EMS system. B. perform CPR for 3 minutes before activating the EMS system. C. perform CPR for 5 minutes before activating the EMS system. D. activate the EMS system before beginning CPR.

A. perform CPR for 1 minute before activating the EMS system.

Cardiac arrest means that: A. the heart suddenly stops functioning. B. oxygen is getting to the body's organs. C. a patient is conscious and breathing. D. air is moving in and out of the lungs.

A. the heart suddenly stops functioning.

You should discontinue CPR when: A. there are reliable criteria for death. B. the patient is no longer breathing. C. the AED states "no shock advised." D. a pulse does not return within 5 minutes.

A. there are reliable criteria for death.

Procedure for Automated External Defibrillation (AED): Finish the sentence and add the step number. ~1,2,3,4,5~ Turn on the _______. Apply the adhesive pads and connect them to the AED. Press the ________ button. If your AED has voice prompts, follow the verbal instructions. Do not _______ the patient. Allow the AED to analyze the rhythm.

AED/analyze/touch/3

You should regularly update your skills by successfully completing a recognized _________ course.

CPR

The three parts of CPR can be remembered with the letters: A. SAMPLE. B. ABC. C. AVPU. D. DNR.

B. ABC.

What part of the heart pumps highly oxygenated blood to the rest of the body? A. Right atrium B. Left atrium C. Right ventricle D. Left ventricle

B. Left atrium

The discontinuation of CPR without the order of a physician or without turn in care over to someone of equal or higher training could be considered: A. neglect. B. abandonment. C. assault. D. battery

B. abandonment.

After giving chest compressions and ventilations for 2 minutes, you should: A. turn the patient. B. continue cycles of compressions and ventilations until an AED arrives or the patient moves. C. check the eyes. D. stop CPR to see if the patient has responded.

B. continue cycles of compressions and ventilations until an AED arrives or the patient moves.

A patient who is in cardiac arrest: A. does not require rescue breathing. B. does not have a pulse and is not breathing. C. should be considered dead after 10 minutes of CPR. D. requires treatment that is beyond the scope of practice of the EMR.

B. does not have a pulse and is not breathing.

Signs of cardiac arrest in children are ________ those of an adult. A. completely different from B. the same as C. more easily observed than D. less easily observed than

B. the same as

You should use _________ finger(s) to deliver chest compressions to an infant. A. one B. two C. three D. four

B. two

An alternative method for doing chest compressions on an infant is: A. three-finger compressions. B. two-finger/encircling hands technique. C. one-thumb compression technique. D. two-thumb/encircling hands technique.

B. two-finger/encircling hands technique.

Define: Child

Between 1 year of age and the onset of puberty

A child's chest should be compressed: A. 0" to 1". B. 1" to 1 1/2". C. 1 1/2" to 2". D. at least one third the depth of the chest.

C. 1 1/2" to 2".

What is the ratio of chest compressions to ventilations in two-rescuer adult CPR? A. 5 to 2 B. 10 to 2 C. 15 to 2 D. 30 to 2

C. 15 to 2

In one-rescuer adult CPR, each set of chest compressions should be delivered within ________ seconds. A. 10-12 B. 12-15 C. 15-18 D. 18-20

C. 15-18

Which is not a link in the American Heart Association's Chain of Survival? A. Early CPR B. Early access to EMS system C. Early diagnosis of cause D. Early advanced care by paramedics and hospital personnel

C. Early diagnosis of cause

What part of your hand should you place on an adult's sternum to deliver chest compressions? A. Thumb B. First three fingers C. Heel of the hand D. Back of the hand in a fisted position

C. Heel of the hand

Two rescuers find an unconscious woman lying on the ground next to her automobile. There are no bystanders or other rescue personnel at the scene. It would be most appropriate for: A. one rescuer to activate the EMS system but only if the patient needs CPR. B. one rescuer to activate the EMS system while the other examines the patient and begins CPR, if necessary. C. both rescuers to perform two-rescuer CPR for several minutes and activate the EMS system only if the patient does not respond. D. both rescuers to perform two-rescuer CPR for 1 minute and then switch to one-rescuer CPR while the second rescuer activates the EMS system.

C. both rescuers to perform two-rescuer CPR for several minutes and activate the EMS system only if the patient does not respond.

Oxygen passes from the blood cells into the cells of the body via: A. veins. B. arteries. C. capillaries. D. lymphatics.

C. capillaries.

An automated external defibrillator (AED) will do all of the following EXCEPT: A. recognize ventricular fibrillation. B. deliver a shock to the patient. C. check the patient's pulse. D. recommend a shock.

C. check the patient's pulse.

If you hear a cracking sound as you are, performing CPR, you should: A. stop CPR and wait for additional help to arrive. B. stop CPR until you can determine whether the patient's ribs are broken. C. continue CPR but check and/or adjust the position of your hands. D. continue CPR without stopping because ribs sometimes break even when CPR is performed properly.

C. continue CPR but check and/or adjust the position of your hands.

The heart consists of _________ chambers. A. two B. three C. four D. five

C. four

If the patient regurgitates during resuscitation, you should: A. stop what you are doing and wait for advanced help to arrive. B. sit the patient up to help protect the airway C. immediately turn the patient onto his or her side to allow vomitus to drain from the mouth. D. continue chest compressions without interruption.

C. immediately turn the patient onto his or her side to allow vomitus to drain from the mouth.

Name the four major arteries.

Carotid artery, radial artery, brachial artery, and femoral artery.

Define: Plasma

Carries blood cells, transports nutrients, and removes cellular waste

What are the situations that you should be alerted to before operating an AED on a patient, and how do you correct them?

Check for their responsiveness, pulse, and breathing. Remove their top and begin the procedure of 30 compressions and two breaths. Apply the AED if there are signs of cardiac arrest. Do 5 cycles CPR if the shock is not advised. Do 5 cycles of CPR and perform chest compressions if the shock is advised. Reanalyze the cardiac rhythm when the procedure is done.

Where along the sternum should you place your fingers to deliver chest compressions to an infant?

Compress the infant's chest with the middle and ring finger about one third of the chest.

In two-rescuer CPR, the ratio of chest compressions to ventilations for both infants and children should be: A. 5 to 1. B. 5 to 2. C. 10 to 1. D. 15 to 2.

D. 15 to 2.

What is the ratio of chest compressions to ventilations in one-rescuer adult CPR? A. 5 to 2 B. 10 to 2 C. 15 to 2 D. 30 to 2

D. 30 to 2

Which of the following is not a component of blood? A. Plasma B. Platelets C. Red and white blood cells D. Epithelial cells

D. Epithelial cells

Chest compressions: A. mimic the squeezing and relaxation cycles of the lungs. B. should be used if there is a carotid pulse. C. require a firm horizontal surface. D. are performed on patients who are breathing.

D. are performed on patients who are breathing.

An infant's chest should be compressed: A. 0" to 1". B. 1" to 1 1/2". C. 1 1/2" to 2". D. at least one third the depth of the chest.

D. at least one third the depth of the chest.

What are the four reliable signs of death?

Decapitation, rigor mortis, tissue decomposition, dependent lividity.

You respond to check on the well-being of an elderly woman at the request of her neighbor. The neighbor tells you that the woman is usually out in her garden every day without fail, but she has not been seen in several days. After gaining access to the woman's residence, you find her lying supine in bed. There is a foul odor in the room, and you notice that the woman is unresponsive. Your primary assessment reveals no breathing and no pulse. You observe a purplish coloring on her back. What should you do?

Due to her not being able to breathe, having no pulse, and having purplish skin you can confirm the women as dead.

Procedure for Automated External Defibrillation (AED): Finish the sentence and add the step number. ~1,2,3,4,5~ Check for _________ by shouting and gently shaking the shoulder. If the patient is unresponsive, stimultaneously check the ______ pulse and check for signs of breathing or only gasping. If pulse is absent and there are no signs of breathing proceed to step 2.

responsiveness/carotid/1

Define: Gastric Distention

Inflation of the stomach with air from aggressive ventilations

Define: Brachial Pulse

Inside of the upper arm

Pulse Locations: A. ___________ (carotid pulse) B. ____________ (radial pulse) C. ___________ (brachial pulse) D. ___________ (femoral pulse)

Neck, Wrist, Arm, Groin

Define: Dependent Lividity

Occurs after a patient has been dead for several hours

________________ is the temporary stiffening of muscles that occurs several hours after death.

Rigor mortis

Define: Carotid Pulse

Taken on either side of the neck

Define: Femoral Pulse

Taken, at the groin

What are the signs that effective CPR is being administered to the patient?

The carotid pulse is felt by the second rescuer and the first rescuer compresses the chest. The patient's skin color improved and the chest rises during ventilation. Compression and ventilation were on time with the rate and depth.

Procedure for Automated External Defibrillation (AED): Finish the sentence and add the step number. ~1,2,3,4,5~ As soon as the _______ is delivered, begin CPR starting with chest compressions. Perform five cycles of CPR (about 2 minutes). After ____ ________ of CPR, go back to Step 3 to reanalyze the cardiac rhythm.

shock/2 minutes/5

Define: Radial Pulse

Thumb side of the wrist

Most out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients have an irregular heart electrical rhythm called ________.

ventricular fibrillation

Define: Pulse

Wave of pressure created by the heart during contractions

List the six reasons for discontinuing CPR.

When the patient is fully restored, the patient is transferred to another CPR expert, the physician tells you to stop, and if the patient is transferred to a EMS personnel. Stop when the patient is dead or if you are exhausted. Also stop if the environment is considered hazardous or if the procedure could harm others safety.

Name two causes of gastric distention during CPR.

When you breathe a lot of air into the patient's body or if the patient's airway is closed.

You arrive on the scene to find a 58-year-old man lying face down in his garden next to the tiller he has been operating. He does not respond to you as you approach. In fact, you think he is not breathing. What should you do?

You should check his pulse and immediately begin chest compression. Continue this procedure until he is transferred to an appropriate medical facility or is transferred to another medical professional who is trained CPR. Or a physician stops you.

Define: Infant

Younger than 1 year of age

The main artery carrying blood away from the heart is the _______.

aorta

An infant's pulse should be checked at the _________ artery.

brachial

An adult patient in __________________ is unconscious, has no carotid pulse, and is not breathing.

cardiac arrest

Procedure for Automated External Defibrillation (AED): Finish the sentence and add the step number. ~1,2,3,4,5~ If a shock is advised, press the button to _______ the patient. If no shock is advised, perform ________ cycles of CPR.

defibrillate/five/4

Bloating of the stomach is called _________________.

gastric distention

Performing Adult Chest Compressions: Finish the sentence and add the step number. ~1,2,3~ Place the ________ of your hand in the center of the chest, on the lower half of the sternum.

heel/1

Performing Adult Chest Compressions: Finish the sentence and add the step number. ~1,2,3~ Place your other hand on top of your first hand and ______ your fingers.

interlock/2

The circulatory system consists of a(n) _________ ,a network of pipes (the blood vessels), and _______.

pump/fluid