chapter 8 pt2

What is the most common cause of nontraumatic intraparenchymal hemorrhage in persons under age 20?

AVM

Which of the following is a slow-growing, benign tumor that occurs on the eighth cranial nerve?

Acoustic neuroma.

Which of the following degenerative neurologic diseases causes widespread selective atrophy and loss of motor nerves that eventually leads to paralysis and death

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig).

Chordoma

Arises from the embryonic neural tube

Which of the following is the most common type of glioma

Astrocytoma.

Meningioma

Benign tumor arising from arachnoid membrane

Le Fort fracture

Bilateral horizontal fractures of maxillae

Which of the following facial fractures is usually caused by a direct blow to the orbit

Blow-out fracture

Which type of skull fracture can cause separation of the suture

Diastatic.

What position is recommended to obtain trauma images of the facial bones when the patient cannot be positioned upright

Dorsal decubitus

Which of the following involves bilateral and horizontal fractures of the maxillae

Le Fort fracture.

What are the most common primary malignancies that metastasize to the brain?

Lung and breast.

Which benign CNS tumor arises from arachnoid lining cells and is attached to the dura

Meningioma

An acute inflammation of the pia mater and arachnoid is called

Meningitis

What is the most common facial bone fracture

Nasal bones

What position is recommended to obtain facial bone radiographic images to evaluate facial trauma

Upright

A condition in which brain impulses are disturbed and that causes symptoms ranging from loss of consciousness to violent seizures is

epilepsy

A focal neurologic defect that completely resolves within 24 hours is known as a

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Which of the following is the primary imaging modality used to examine head injuries (trauma)?

CT.

Which of the following is used to initially screen patients suspected of a transient ischemic attack

Color-flow Doppler ultrasound.

Viral inflammation of the brain is termed

Encephalitis

Which type of primary brain tumor usually arises in the walls of the fourth ventricle in children and in the lateral ventricles in adults?

Ependymoma.

Which of the following is caused by arterial bleeding in the cranium

Epidural hematoma

Cerebrospinal fluid is formed in the arachnoid villi

F

Radiography of the skull for fractures is essential to the diagnosis of associated brain injury.

F

The cerebellum is the largest portion of the brain.

F

Tripod fracture

Fracture that separates zygoma from other facial bones

What is the most common primary malignant brain tumor

Glioma.

Paralysis on one side of the body is termed

Hemiplegia

Which of the following CNS degenerative disorders has the CT pathologic hallmark of atrophy of the caudate nucleus and putamen, causing focal dilatation of the frontal horns

Huntington's disease

Which of the following types of gliomas are slow growing and tend to calcify

Oligodendrocytomas.

Blow-out fracture

Results from direct blow to orbit

Which projection is useful in demonstrating fractures of the zygomatic arches

SMV

Astrocytoma

Slow-growing and most common form of glioma

Acoustic neuroma

Slow-growing, benign tumor of eighth cranial nerve

What is the most common cause of a subdural empyema

Spread of infection from frontal or ethmoid sinuses.

Stellate fracture

Star-shaped fracture with multiple fracture lines radiating from a central point

Which of the following is caused by venous bleeding in the cranium

Subdural hematoma.

Bilateral fractures are common in the mandible

T

Encephalitis is most commonly caused by the herpes simplex virus.

T

MRI is considered the best imaging modality for suspected brain tumors

T

Sinus infections can spread to the brain and cause an empyema or abscess

T

The middle meningeal layer is the arachnoid membrane

T

The most common type of primary brain tumor is a glioma

T

The nasal bones are the most commonly fractured facial bones

T

Where is the most common site for traumatic arteriovenous fistulas to arise in the CNS?

The internal carotid artery and cavernous sinus

Which fracture separates the zygoma from the other facial bones?

Tripod

A brain abscess is usually the result of a

chronic infection of sinuses, middle ear, or mastoids or systemic infection (that is, pneumonia)

What term is used to denote the sudden and dramatic development of a focal neurologic deficit?

stroke

A rupture of a berry aneurysm is a major cause of

subarachnoid hemorrhage