Chapter 8, Trace Minerals

What populations are at high risk for iron deficiency

. women in reproductive years . pregnant women . infants

define iron deficiency

a comdition of having depleted iron stores

define iron-deficiency anemia

a form of anemia caused by lack of iron & characterized by red blood cell shrinkage & color loss

How does iron deficiency affect behavior?

causes you to experience fatigue, reduce energy, irritable & unable to pay attention

What is pica?

craving & intentional consumption of nonfood substances Ex: eating clay

Name the symptoms of iron overload

fatigue, depression or abdominal pain (mostly in white men)

What condition develops with iodine toxicity?

goiter (big lump on neck), cretinism

Define heme and nonheme iron

heme: iron-containing portion of hemoglobin & myoglobin *in meat, poultry & fish nonhemme: dietary iron not associated w/hemoglobin; the iron of plants & other sources *plants & meats

Where is most of the body's iron found?

hemoglobin (red blood cells) & myoglobin(muscle cells)

What is the function of iron in hemoglobin and myoglobin?

hemoglobin: red cells carries oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body myoglobin: holds & stores oxygen in the muscles

What is the major role of iodine in the body?

influences energy metabolism

What other foods contribute to iodine intake?

iodized salt & milk

What condition developments an iodine deficiency?

low in take of iodine

What foods contain heme iron?

meat, poultry & fish

What are the factors that enhance nonheme iron absorption?

meat, poultry & fish (contain peptide factor/MFP factor) & Vit. C

. What part of the population may have trouble meeting their iron needs? Why?

men & women 51 & older & vegetarians Because the typical U.S. diet doesn't provide enough(6-7miligrams; those people need 8 miligrams) . Because vegetables are bad sources for iron

What foods contain nonheme iron?

plants & meats

Name the main sources of iron

red meats, fish, poultry, shellfish, eggs, legumes, green leafy vegetables, dried fruit

What is the major source of the world's iodine?

seafood

What is cretinism?

serve mental retardation of an infant (due to mom's iodine deficiency)

What are the factors that inhibit iron absorption?

tannins *found in black coffee & tea

What is iron overload?

toxic large amounts of iron

How does excess iron relate to heart disease

untreated iron overload can cause heart disease

What are symptoms of iron-deficiency anemia?

weakness, apathy, headaches, pallor, intolerance to cold & inability to pay attention

What populations are at greatest risk for iron overload?

white men