Chapter 9

While trying to determine the effects of lighting and noise on workers' productivity, which of the following found that social and psychological factors could significantly affect productivity?

Elton Mayo

Jaime has learned that his company is offering a Hawaiian vacation to its best salesman. He almost won last year and really wants the trip. He is working very hard because he thinks he has a good chance to win. This exemplifies which theory?

Expectancy theory

TNT Incorporated recently implemented a participative management program in which it gave teams of workers more control and authority over their jobs. It is using which of the following job designs?

Job enrichment

To achieve organizational objectives, employees must have the ability, tools, and which of the following to perform their jobs?

Motivation

Maslow's hierarchy classifies needs that motivate people in which order, starting with the most basic?

Physiological, security, social, esteem, and self-actualization

What did the Hawthorne studies reveal?

That managers who understand the needs, beliefs, and expectations of people will have the greatest success motivating workers

The person primarily associated with Theory Z is

William Ouchi

Anand believes that he can get some extra work completed before the deadline by withholding his workers' vacation schedules until the job is completed. Anand could be described as

a Theory X manager, according to McGregor.

Poor morale is likely to cause

absenteeism and high turnover.

Frederick Taylor

analyzed jobs to improve efficiency.

Jane learned that, although she and June were both hired as part-time salesclerks at the same time and have similar backgrounds, June is paid $1 more per hour. Jane decided to stop cleaning dressing rooms on her shift because she thinks this is unfair. This is an example of which theory?

equity theory

Herzberg's motivational factors directly correspond to Maslow's physiological and security needs.

false

Hygiene factors include achievement, recognition, the work itself, responsibility, and advancement.

false

Job sharing occurs when a company shortens the workweek of all employees by a few hours to avoid layoffs.

false

A work system that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times as long as they are at work during a specified core period is called

flextime

Job rotation attempts to reduce the boredom created by specialization of tasks by

giving workers a variety of tasks to do, moving from one to the other on a regular basis.

Human relations is important in business primarily because

it affects worker morale and productivity.

According to McGregor's Theory X,

most workers must be coerced to work.

Achievement, recognition, involvement, responsibility, and advancement are all examples of Herzberg's _______ factors.

motivational

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, all of the following represent hygiene factors except

responsibility

According to Maslow, an employee who goes to night school to get a college degree to minimize the chance of being laid off during a recession is motivated to fulfill which of the following needs?

security

Human relations is concerned with all of the following except

the needs of employees

The approach which suggests that imagination, ingenuity, and creativity can help solve organizational problems is

theory y

The birth of the study of human relations can be traced to

time and motion studies conducted by Frederick W. Taylor and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth.

According to Herzberg, managers should focus on fulfilling employees' higher-level needs by providing opportunities for achievement, involvement, and advancement.

true

Early management theorists thought money was employees' primary motivation.

true

Positive rewards for acceptable behavior tend to be more effective in the long run than negative punishments for unacceptable behavior.

true

The Hawthorne Studies marked the beginning of a concern for human relations in the workplace.

true

The Hawthorne studies on motivation revealed that employees respond to the attention they receive from superiors more than from changing physical work conditions.

true

Maslow's hierarchy is important to managers because

workers won't be motivated to contribute to the organization's goals until their basic needs are met.