Chapter 9
While trying to determine the effects of lighting and noise on workers' productivity, which of the following found that social and psychological factors could significantly affect productivity?
Elton Mayo
Jaime has learned that his company is offering a Hawaiian vacation to its best salesman. He almost won last year and really wants the trip. He is working very hard because he thinks he has a good chance to win. This exemplifies which theory?
Expectancy theory
TNT Incorporated recently implemented a participative management program in which it gave teams of workers more control and authority over their jobs. It is using which of the following job designs?
Job enrichment
To achieve organizational objectives, employees must have the ability, tools, and which of the following to perform their jobs?
Motivation
Maslow's hierarchy classifies needs that motivate people in which order, starting with the most basic?
Physiological, security, social, esteem, and self-actualization
What did the Hawthorne studies reveal?
That managers who understand the needs, beliefs, and expectations of people will have the greatest success motivating workers
The person primarily associated with Theory Z is
William Ouchi
Anand believes that he can get some extra work completed before the deadline by withholding his workers' vacation schedules until the job is completed. Anand could be described as
a Theory X manager, according to McGregor.
Poor morale is likely to cause
absenteeism and high turnover.
Frederick Taylor
analyzed jobs to improve efficiency.
Jane learned that, although she and June were both hired as part-time salesclerks at the same time and have similar backgrounds, June is paid $1 more per hour. Jane decided to stop cleaning dressing rooms on her shift because she thinks this is unfair. This is an example of which theory?
equity theory
Herzberg's motivational factors directly correspond to Maslow's physiological and security needs.
false
Hygiene factors include achievement, recognition, the work itself, responsibility, and advancement.
false
Job sharing occurs when a company shortens the workweek of all employees by a few hours to avoid layoffs.
false
A work system that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times as long as they are at work during a specified core period is called
flextime
Job rotation attempts to reduce the boredom created by specialization of tasks by
giving workers a variety of tasks to do, moving from one to the other on a regular basis.
Human relations is important in business primarily because
it affects worker morale and productivity.
According to McGregor's Theory X,
most workers must be coerced to work.
Achievement, recognition, involvement, responsibility, and advancement are all examples of Herzberg's _______ factors.
motivational
According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, all of the following represent hygiene factors except
responsibility
According to Maslow, an employee who goes to night school to get a college degree to minimize the chance of being laid off during a recession is motivated to fulfill which of the following needs?
security
Human relations is concerned with all of the following except
the needs of employees
The approach which suggests that imagination, ingenuity, and creativity can help solve organizational problems is
theory y
The birth of the study of human relations can be traced to
time and motion studies conducted by Frederick W. Taylor and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth.
According to Herzberg, managers should focus on fulfilling employees' higher-level needs by providing opportunities for achievement, involvement, and advancement.
true
Early management theorists thought money was employees' primary motivation.
true
Positive rewards for acceptable behavior tend to be more effective in the long run than negative punishments for unacceptable behavior.
true
The Hawthorne Studies marked the beginning of a concern for human relations in the workplace.
true
The Hawthorne studies on motivation revealed that employees respond to the attention they receive from superiors more than from changing physical work conditions.
true
Maslow's hierarchy is important to managers because
workers won't be motivated to contribute to the organization's goals until their basic needs are met.