chapter 9 anatomy
The reason the risk of fractures increases with age is
bone mass decreases and bones become weaker
The type of joint that connects the fingers and toes with the metacarples and metatarseles is:
An ellipsodial joint, a biaxial joint, synovial joint
The tough outer layer of fibrocartilage on the intervertebral discs is the
Anulus fibrosis
Abduction and adduction always refer to movements of the
Appendicular skeleton
Movements that occur at the shoulder and the hip represent the actions that occur at the
Ball-and-socket joint
The shoulder and hip joints are examples of:
Ball-and-socket joints
Small, synovial-filled pockets that form where a tendon or ligament rubs against other flushes are called
Bursae
Movements of the vertebral column are limited to
Flexion and extension, lateral flexion, rotation
The joints between the superior and inferior articulations of adjacent vertebrae are
Gliding
The type of Synarthrosis that binds each tooth to the surrounding bony socket is a
Gomphosis
The knee functions as a
Hinge joint
The extremely stable joint that is almost completely enclosed in a bony socket is the
Hip joint
The functions of synovial fluid that fill the joint cavity are:
It nourishes the chondrocytes, provides lubrication, acts as a shock absorber
The joint that resembles three separate joints with no single unified capsule or common synovial cavity is the
Knee
Arthritis encompasses all the rheumatic diseases that affect
Mistaken immune responses, synovial joints, collagen formation
The condition resulting from the cumulative wear and tear at joint surfaces or form genetic factors affecting collagen formation is
Osteoarthritis
The amphiarthrotic articulation that limits movements between the two pelvic bones is the:
Pubic symphysis
Joints, or articulations, are classified on the basis of their degree of movement. No movement to slightly moveable:
Synthrosis, diathrosis, synarthrosis
The elbow joint is quite stable because
The bony surfaces of the humerus and ulna interlock, the articular capsule is very thick, the capsule is reinforced by stout ligaments
the reason the points of contact in the knee joint are constantly changing is
The rounded femoral condocytes roll across the top of the tibia
The parts of the vertebral column that do not contain intervertebral discs are:
The sacrum, the coccyx, first and second cervical vertebrae
The reason that the elbow and knee are called hinge joints is
They permit angular movement in a single plane
The primary functions of menisci in synovial joints are:
To subdivide a synovial cavity, to channel flow of synovial fluid, to allow for variations in the shapes of the articular surfaces
A totally rigid immovable joint resulting from fusion of bones is
Synthrosis
The popliteal ligaments extend between the femur and the heads off the tibia and fibula reinforce the
Back of the knee joint
Localized thickenings of a joint capsule are called
Accessory ligaments
The process that appears to encourage the repair of an injured joint by improving circulation of synovial fluid is called
Continuous passive motion
A movement that reduces the angle between the articulating elements is
Flexion
Flexion is defined as the movement that
Decreases the angle between articulating elements
Examples of monaxial joints, which permit angular movements in a single plane, are the:
Elbow and knee joints
The radial collateral, annular, and ulnar collateral ligaments provide stability for the
Elbow joint
The type of joint that connects the fingers and toes with the metacarples and metatarsals is an
Ellipsoidal joint
The joint that permits the greatest range of of motion of any joint in the body is the
Scapulohumeral joint
The joint that permits the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body is the:
Shoulder joint
The subacrominal bursa and the subcoracoid bursa reduce friction at the
Shoulder joint
Movement in the wrist and hand in which the palm is turned forward is
Supination
A synarthrotic joint found only between the bones of the skull is a
Suture
Knee
Synovial joint
Diarthrotic joints that permit a wide range of motion are called
Synovial joints