Chapter 9- Anatomy
Plantar flexion
Bottom of foot directed downward
Stimulus
Causes change in activity of a structure
Cardiac muscle
Cells branch frequently
True
Tetanic contraction is caused by a series of rapid stimuli
Skeletal muscle
Voluntary
Atrophy
Wasting away
True
If muscle cells are stimulated repeatedly without adequate periods of rest, the strength of the muscle contraction will decrease resulting in fatigue.
True
In a laboratory setting, a single muscle fiber can be isolated and subjected to stimuli of varying intensities so that it can be studied.
True
In most cases, isotonic contraction of a muscle produces movement at a joint.
Joint
In most cases, isotonic contraction of muscle produces movement at a/an:
Tetanus
Individual contractions "melt" together to produce a sustained contraction or:
Smooth muscle
Involuntary
True
Isotonic contraction is an example of a contraction used while walking.
Cardiac muscle
Keeps blood circulating through its vessels
Myofilaments
Microscopic threadlike structures found in skeletal muscle fibers
True
A bone of insertion moves toward the bone of origin.
False
A condition in which the body temerature is drastically low is referred to as hyperthermia
Hypothermia
A decrease in temperature, a condition known as _____ will drastically affect cellular activty and normal body function.
True
A motor neuron together with the cells it innervates is called a motor unit
Flexion
A movement that makes the angle between two bones smaller is:
True
A nervous system disorder that shuts off impulses to certain skeletal muscles may result in paralysis
Poliomyelitis
A viral infection of the nerves that controls skeletal muscle movement is known as ______
Thin and thick myofilaments move toward each other to cause muscle contraction
According to the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
False
An adequate stimulus will contract a muscle cell completely becasue of the "must" theory
Tendons
Anchor muscles to bones
Insertion
As a rule, only the ______ bone moves
Antagonist
As prime movers contract, other muscles called _____ relax
Skeletal muscle
Attaches to bone
Origin
Attachment to more stationary bone
Insertion
Attachment to the more moveable bone
Sarcomere
Basic functional unit of skeletal muscle
Atrophy
Benefits of regular exercise include all of the following except
Fibromyoma
Benign tumor of smooth muscle
Smooth muscle
Moves food into the stomach
Abduction
Moving a part away from the midline is
Adduction
Moving a part toward the midline is
Insertion
Muscle attachment to the more movable bone
Strength Training
Muscle hypertrophy can be best enhanced by a program of:
Myalgia
Muscle strains are characterized by _____.
Pulling
Muscles move bones by ________ on them.
Smooth muscle
Nonstriated
Prime Mover
Of all the muscles contracting simultaneously, the one mainly responsible for producing a particular movement is called the ___ ____ for that movement.
Disuse Atrophy
Prolonged inactivity causes muscles to shrink in mass, a condition called
Myosin
Protein that forms thick myofilaments
Actin
Protein that forms thin myofilaments
Isometric
Pushing against a wall is an example which type of contraction
Body
The muscle unit excluding the ends
False
The point of contact between the nerve ending and the muscle fiber is called a motor neuron.
Rotating
When you move your head from side to side as in shaking your head "no" you are ______ a muscle group
Muscle length remains the same
Which of the following occurs during isometric exercises?
It decreases the size of a muscle
Which of the following statements about muscle atrophy is true?
It causes lactic acid buildup and soreness in muscles.
Which of the following statements about oxygen debt is true
Its attachments to the more stationary bone is called the origin. & Its attachment to the more moveable bone is called its insertion.
Which of the following statements about skeletal muscle contraction is true?
Muscle Tone
___ ______ maintains body posture by counteracting the pull of gravity.
Muscular Dystrophy
_____ is a group of genetic diseases characterized by atrophy of skeletal muscle tissues.
Myasthenia Gravis
_____ is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks muscle cells at the neuromuscular junction
Pronation
______ occurs when you turn the palm of your hand from an anteior to posterior positinon.
Smooth muscle
Hollow internal organs
Cardiac muscle
Composes bulk of heart
Tendon
Connective tissue-attaches muscle to bone
Myoglobin
Crush injuries can cause ______ to accumulate in the blood and result in kidney failure
True
If a muscle is overworked without sufficient rest, the result will be a decrease in muscle strength and fatigue
Flexion
Deceases angle between two bones-bending
False
Dorsiflexion occurs when you turn the palm of your hand from an anterior to a posterior position
Foot Movements
Dorsiflexion refers to
Muscle fibers
Elongated contractile cells of muscle tissue
Aerobic Training
Endurance training is also known as
ATP
Energy required to produce a muscle contraction is obtained from _____.
False
Exercise may cause an increase in muscle size called atrophy
Bursae
Fluid-filled sacs
False
Smooth muscles bring about movements by pulling on bones across movable joints
Skeletal muscle
Striated
Insertion, Origin
The ______ bone moves toward the _____ bone
Synergist
The biceps brachii is the prime mover during flexing, and the brachialis is its helper or _____ muscle.
False
The depletion of oxygen in muscle cells during vigorous and prolonged exercise is known as fatigue
True
The minimal level of stimulation required to cause a fiber to contract is called the threshold stimulus
Supination
Turning the palm of hand upward
In isolated muscles prepared for research
Twitch contractions easily can be seen:
Skeletal muscle
Used to maintain posture
Smooth muscle
Visceral muscle
Isotonic
Walking is an example of which type of contraction?
Tonic Contraction
We are able to maintain our body position because of a specialized type of skeletal muscle contraction called ____ ______
It shows an "all or none" response
What happens if a given muscle cell is stimulated by a threshold stimulus
Twitch
What is a quick, jerky response of a given muscle to a single stimulus called?
Abduction
What is the movement of a part away from the midline of the body called
Isometric
When a muscle contracts and no movement results, the contraction is:
True
When a part is moved toward the midline, it is called adduction
False
When oxygen supplies run low, muscle cells produce ATP and other waste products during contraction
False
When the angle between two bones becomes smaller, it is called extension