Chapter 9, Chapter 7
Which of the following is the formula to calculate estimated BAC?
(number of standard drinks) (0.025%) − (number of hours since drinking began) (0.015%)
The legal level of intoxication in all 50 states in the United Sates is a BAC of __________.
0.08
At what BAC does an individual typically experience major impairment in gross motor functions like standing and walking?
0.15
A standard drink is defined as ________ of alcohol.
1/2 ounce
How many countries use some type of visual warning on cigarettes to help prevent people from smoking or to encourage smokers to quit?
105
A beverage that is 60% alcohol by volume is ________ proof.
120
When calculating per capita alcohol consumption, the U.S. Census considers all individuals over the age of _________.
14
When was Prohibition repealed?
1933
If you went back in time, in which year would you see more people smoking in the United States?
1958
In __________, the U.S. Surgeon General officially determined that physical dependence develops to nicotine.
1988
How many of the 60 species of the genus Nicotiani can be used for human consumption?
2
The average adult would reach alcohol's LD 50 by drinking __________ standard drinks an hour.
25
How many groups are involved in the balanced placebo design?
4
How many ounces of table wine is considered to be a standard drink?
5
According to the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, __________ of the U.S. sample reported heavy alcohol use in the month preceding the interview.
6-7%
_______% of people who die from smoking-related causes in the U.S. began smoking as adolescents.
90
What accounts for the calming effects of nicotine use?
All of these are correct.
Which of the following people is most likely to have smoked cigarettes in the past month?
Brad, a 24-year-old White man
________ is the largest cigarette producer in the world.
China
_________ is the largest cigarette producer in the world.
China
_________ smoking is the most toxic way to smoke tobacco.
Cigarette
Why has heavy drinking among college students been a serious concern in the United States?
College students who drink heavily experience serious consequences.
The first beers were produced in _________ .
Egypt
"Controlled" smoking is one popular and effective option in smoking treatment programs.
False
A problem with nicotine gum is that many patients become dependent on it.
False
Alcohol's influence on body sway is due to its effects on the cerebellum.
False
At a BAC over 0.05%, drinkers tend to underestimate the passage of time.
False
Cirrhosis of the liver is reversible with long-term abstinence.
False
Compared to nonsmokers, the life expectancy of a regular smoker is about five years shorter.
False
Controlled laboratory studies have provided strong support for the disinhibition theory of alcohol and aggression.
False
Demographic characteristics are the primary driving factor in whether a person develops alcohol use disorder.
False
In the late 15th century, Columbus introduced tobacco to the Indians.
False
Light beer has less sugar, but the same amount of alcohol, than regular beer.
False
Moderate levels of alcohol tend to stimulate males' libido.
False
The harm reduction approach to reducing cigarette smoking is now the most widely accepted approach in the U.S.
False
Worldwide, women and men are equally likely to die from alcohol-related causes.
False
__________ is the earliest, most benign effect of alcohol's effects on the liver.
Fatty liver
Where has the prevalence of smoking increased in recent years?
Ireland
How does dessert wine differ from regular red wine?
It has a higher alcohol content.
Nicotiana tabacum is indigenous to ________.
South America
In the early years after the Europeans were first introduced to tobacco use, which country held a monopoly on the world market?
Spain
Research on the use of nicotine replacement therapies leads to the conclusion that _________.
There are no demonstrable differences in effectiveness between different nicotine replacement therapies.
A man who is a chronic heavy drinker faces the risk of fathering children with birth defects.
True
A two-pack-a-day smoker averages 300 nicotine reinforcements a day.
True
Adolescent boys are more likely to smoke than adolescent girls.
True
Alcohol will erase its own hangover symptoms.
True
Americans drank more alcohol per capita in 1830 than they drink today.
True
Findings suggest that there is a genetic predisposition to some types of alcohol dependence.
True
Grayouts probably reflect state-dependent learning.
True
Passive smoking, inhaling the smoke of others who are smoking, is the third leading preventable cause of death in the United States.
True
Recent animal research suggests a major reason why smoking tends to begin in adolescence is that teens' brains are more susceptible to the rewarding effects of nicotine than are the brains of older individuals.
True
Six of every seven pounds of tobacco grown in the U.S. are used for cigarettes.
True
The use of tobacco as a medical agent ended near the time of the U.S. Civil War.
True
_________ is a drug developed specifically for the treatment of smoking and works by competing with nicotine in binding to nicotine receptors in the brain.
Varenicline
Nicotine has ________-like effects.
acetylcholine
Which neurotransmitter receptors does alcohol affect?
all of these
Mixing alcohol and __________ is a common method of intended and unintended suicides.
barbiturates
How many cigarettes smoked in succession will cause a smoker to feel satiated based on neural receptor response?
between 2 and 3 cigarettes
Nicotine has been shown to have __________ effects.
both calming and stimulating
With blackouts, the individual ________.
cannot recall events that occurred during a drinking occasion
Which of the following is the most efficient way to get a dose of nicotine?
cigarette smoking
What has been the outcome of lawsuits filed against tobacco companies for harm caused by cigarette smoking?
class-action lawsuits have been more successful than lawsuits filed by individuals and families
Which of the following describes the relationship between smoking prevalence and employment status?
current smoking prevalence for those over 18 is higher among individuals who are unemployed
Overall, the prevalence of current smokers has ________ since 1965.
decreased
The focus of the harm-reduction approach to nicotine dependence is to _________.
eliminate or reduce the negative consequences of nicotine use
What type of alcohol is used in the production of alcoholic beverages?
ethanol
When considering data on per capita consumption from a public health point of view, "heavy" drinking is defined as _____________.
experiencing negative consequences of drinking
The per capita alcohol consumption decline of the 1980s was due to a reduction in use of __________.
hard liquor
What is the key process used in distillation?
heating
Which of the following would expose a person to third-hand smoke?
hugging a person after they smoked a cigarette
Which of the following is not an acute pharmacological effect of nicotine?
increased muscle tone
The concept of tobacco as therapeutic agent took a serious blow when Posselt and Reimann ________.
isolated nicotine
The concept of tobacco as therapeutic agent took a serious blow when Posselt and Reimann __________.
isolated nicotine
The major organ(s) responsible for metabolizing nicotine is (are) the __________.
liver
Nicotine is most readily absorbed from the __________.
lungs
Which of the following anti-smoking efforts was successful?
none of these
Estimated BAC = ________.
number standard drinks (.025%) - number hours since drinking began (.015%)
Because of ________ tolerance, an individual must drink greater amounts of alcohol to achieve a mood change that was once achieved with less alcohol.
protracted
The French custom of drinking 1-2 glasses of __________ per day appears to be related to a lowered risk of coronary heart disease.
red wine
The ________ was the focal scapegoat of the Temperance Movement in the late 1800's.
saloon
How is snuff most commonly taken in Europe?
sniffing
The rate of cure during a given time period without formal treatment is known as __________.
spontaneous remission
Fermentation begins when ________ is dissolved in water and exposed to air.
sugar
Who was nicotine named after?
the French ambassador to Portugal
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome has been linked to ________ deficiency
thiamine
Nicotine is eliminated from the body primarily in ________.
urine
