Mitosis
PROKARYOTE
An organism (including all bacteria) whose cells DO NOT have a nucleus or organelles surrounded by membranes
ANAPHASE
(APART) third phase of mitosis during which the chromatid arms separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
METAPHASE
(MIDDLE) 2nd phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes line up along the center of the cell
TELOPHASE
(TWO) 4th and last phase of mitosis during which TWO nuclei are visible; the chromosomes spread out as chromatin, the nuclear membrane and nucleolus return, and mitotic spindle and centrioles disappear
HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME
A pair of morphologically similar chromosomes that are the same size and the same shape and carry genes for the same traits
EUKARYOTE
An organism (including all plants & animals) whose cells contain a nucleus and organelles surrounded by membranes
CARCINOGENS
Are substances that can damage DNA and cause cancer
BINARY FISSION
Cell division in PROKARYOTES; type of asexual reproduction in which an organism replicates its DNA and divides in half, producing 2 identical daughter cells
CHROMOSOMES
DNA scrunched up in dividing cells
CHROMATIN
DNA spread out in non-dividing cells
SPINDLE
Fan-like structure made of microtubules that helps separate the chromosomes during mitosis
CENTRIOLES
Log-like structures that appear near the nucleus during cell division in an animal cell and move to opposite poles to pull the chromosomes apart
CHROMATID
One of two identical parts or arms of a chromosome
MITOSIS
Part of cell division in eukaryotic cells in which the nucleus divides eventually producing 2 daughter cells which are genetically identical to the parent cell
CYTOKINESIS
Part of cell division in which the cytoplasm is divided between the 2 new daughter cells
INTERPHASE
Phase of the cell cycle in between divisions in which cells spend most of their time growing and carrying out their cellular functions in the body
INTERNAL REGULATORS
Proteins that respond to events inside the cell; allow cell cycle to proceed only if certain processes have happened
EXTERNAL REGULATORS
Proteins that respond to events outside the cell; signals tell cell to speed up or slow down the cell cycle
CENTROSOME
Region in which the centrioles lie that helps organize the spindle fibers during cell division
CENTROMERE
Region of the chromosome where the 2 sister chromatids are held together and which is the attachment site of the spindle fibers during cell division
CELL CYCLE
Series of events including interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis that cells go through as they grow and develop
SOMATIC
These are body cells (everything in your body except sperm & egg)
CELL WALL
This is found outside the cell membrane. Its function is to provide support and protection.
CANCER
disorder in which some of the body's own cells lose the ability to control growth
PROPHASE
first and longest phase of mitosis during which chromosomes become visible, centrioles appear and move to opposite poles, and the nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear
CYCLIN
one of a family of proteins that regulate the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells